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Fitoterapia Jul 2023Phoma fungi are known to produce a diverse range of natural products which possess various biological activities such as antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal,...
Phoma fungi are known to produce a diverse range of natural products which possess various biological activities such as antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects. In our present study, we have isolated two novel polyketides (1 and 3), one new sesquiterpenoid (2), and eight known compounds (4-11) from the culture of Phoma sp. 3A00413, a deep-sea sulphide-derived fungus. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated using NMR, MS, NMR calculation, and ECD calculation. In vitro antibacterial activities of all the isolated compounds were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus vp-HL, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Salmonella enteritidis. Compounds 1, 7, and 8 exhibited weak inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus growth, while compounds 3 and 7 showed weak inhibition against Vibrio vulnificus growth. Importantly, compound 3 demonstrated exceptional potency against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.1 μM.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Phoma; Polyketides; Sesquiterpenes; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Bacteria
PubMed: 37217021
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105546 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2023Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species among humans have increased globally. This reemergence is attributed to environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. Africa is most vulnerable to waterborne infections caused by these pathogens because of lack of good water stewardship and management. This study was carried out to provide an in-depth inquiry into the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio species in water sources and wastewater across Africa. In this regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer Search and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search yielded 70 articles on pathogenic Vibrio species presence in African aquatic environments that fit our inclusion criteria. Based on the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in various water sources in Africa was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 27.7-48.0). Eighteen countries were represented by the systematically assessed studies and their nationwide prevalence in descending order was: Nigeria (79.82 %), Egypt (47.5 %), Tanzania (45.8 %), Morocco (44.8), South Africa (40.6 %), Uganda (32.1 %), Cameroon (24.5 %), Burkina Faso (18.9 %) and Ghana (5.9 %). Furthermore, 8 pathogenic Vibrio species were identified across water bodies in Africa with the highest detection for V. cholerae (59.5 %), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (10.4 %), V.alginolyticus (9.8 %), V. vulnificus (8.5 %), V. fluvialis (6.6 %), V. mimicus (4.6 %), V. harveyi (0.5 %) and V. metschnikovii (0.1 %). Evidently, pathogenic Vibrio species occurrence in these water sources especially freshwater corroborates the continuous outbreaks observed in Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proactive measures and continuous monitoring of water sources used for various purposes across Africa and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into water bodies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Wastewater; Water; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Burkina Faso
PubMed: 37028683
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163332 -
Internal Medicine Journal Jan 2024Vibrio species bloodstream infections have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of...
BACKGROUND
Vibrio species bloodstream infections have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of bloodstream infections because of Vibrio species in the Australian context.
AIMS
The objective of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for developing Vibrio species bloodstream infections and compare differences between different species.
METHODS
All patients with Vibrio spp. isolated from positive blood cultures between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019 were identified by the state-wide Pathology Queensland laboratory. Demographics, clinical foci of infections and comorbid conditions were collected in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility results.
RESULTS
About 100 cases were identified between 2000 and 2019 with an incidence of 1.2 cases/1 million person-years. Seasonal and geographical variation occurred with the highest incidence in the summer months and in the tropical north. Increasing age, male sex and multiple comorbidities were identified as risk factors. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated most frequently and associated with the most severe disease. Overall case fatality was 19%.
CONCLUSIONS
There is potential for increasing cases of Vibrio species infections globally with ageing populations and climate change. Ongoing clinical awareness is required to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Queensland; Australia; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Sepsis
PubMed: 37497569
DOI: 10.1111/imj.16187 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2023Oysters play an important role in coastal ecology and are a globally popular seafood source. However, their filter-feeding lifestyle enables coastal pathogens, toxins,...
Oysters play an important role in coastal ecology and are a globally popular seafood source. However, their filter-feeding lifestyle enables coastal pathogens, toxins, and pollutants to accumulate in their tissues, potentially endangering human health. While pathogen concentrations in coastal waters are often linked to environmental conditions and runoff events, these do not always correlate with pathogen concentrations in oysters. Additional factors related to the microbial ecology of pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with oyster hosts likely play a role in accumulation but are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether microbial communities in water and oysters were linked to accumulation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, or fecal indicator bacteria. Site-specific environmental conditions significantly influenced microbial communities and potential pathogen concentrations in water. Oyster microbial communities, however, exhibited less variability in microbial community diversity and accumulation of target bacteria overall and were less impacted by environmental differences between sites. Instead, changes in specific microbial taxa in oyster and water samples, particularly in oyster digestive glands, were linked to elevated levels of potential pathogens. For example, increased levels of V. parahaemolyticus were associated with higher relative abundances of cyanobacteria, which could represent an environmental vector for spp. transport, and with decreased relative abundance of and other key members of the oyster digestive gland microbiota. These findings suggest that host and microbial factors, in addition to environmental variables, may influence pathogen accumulation in oysters. Bacteria in the marine environment cause thousands of human illnesses annually. Bivalves are a popular seafood source and are important in coastal ecology, but their ability to concentrate pathogens from the water can cause human illness, threatening seafood safety and security. To predict and prevent disease, it is critical to understand what causes pathogenic bacteria to accumulate in bivalves. In this study, we examined how environmental factors and host and water microbial communities were linked to potential human pathogen accumulation in oysters. Oyster microbial communities were more stable than water communities, and both contained the highest concentrations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at sites with warmer temperatures and lower salinities. High oyster V. parahaemolyticus concentrations corresponded with abundant cyanobacteria, a potential vector for transmission, and a decrease in potentially beneficial oyster microbes. Our study suggests that poorly understood factors, including host and water microbiota, likely play a role in pathogen distribution and pathogen transmission.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Water; Ostreidae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Bivalvia; Bacteria
PubMed: 37318344
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00318-23 -
Journal of Natural Products Jul 2023Phyllospongianes A-E (-), five new scalarane derivatives featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic dinorscalarane scaffold, along with the known probable biogenetic...
Phyllospongianes A-E (-), five new scalarane derivatives featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic dinorscalarane scaffold, along with the known probable biogenetic precursor, 12-deacetylscalaradial (), were isolated from the marine sponge . The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism experiments. Compounds - are the first 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic scalarane derivatives to be reported within the scalarane family. Compounds , , and exhibited antibacterial activity against , , , , , , and with MIC values ranging from 1 to 8 μg/mL. Furthermore, compound exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231, HepG2, C4-2-ENZ, MCF-7, H460, and HT-29 cancer cell lines with IC values in the range between 0.7 and 13.2 μM.
Topics: Animals; Sesterterpenes; Porifera; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37335557
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00218 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2023Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as urechistachykinin I (LRQSQFVGSR-NH), derived from urechis unicinctus, have demonstrated antimicrobial activities. It exhibits low...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as urechistachykinin I (LRQSQFVGSR-NH), derived from urechis unicinctus, have demonstrated antimicrobial activities. It exhibits low cytotoxicity and selectivity between microbial and mammalian cells suggesting its potent antimicrobial ability. However, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we elucidated the antibacterial action against Vibrio vulnificus, focusing on the reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS is crucial for antibiotic-mediated killing and oxidative stress. After treatment with urechistachykinin I, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals increase, and the overproduction of ROS leads to oxidative damage and destruction of the redox system. Oxidation of the defense system like glutathione or glutathione peroxidase 4 illustrates the dysfunction of cellular metabolism and induces lipid peroxidation attributed to depolarization and integrity brokerage. Cell death demonstrated these properties, and additional experiments, including iron accumulation, liperfluo, and DNA fragmentation, were promoted. The results demonstrated that urechistachykinin I-induced ferroptosis-like death in Vibrio vulnificus is dependent on ROS production. KEY POINTS: • Urechistachykinin I induce reactive oxygen species production • Urechistachykinin I cause oxidative damaged on the V. vulnificus • Urechistachykinin I ferroptosis-like death in V. vulnificus.
Topics: Animals; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vibrio vulnificus; Ferroptosis; Anti-Infective Agents; Mammals
PubMed: 37796305
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12802-y -
Archives of Microbiology Nov 2023The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and... (Review)
Review
The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and humans. The well-known pathogens of this group, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality associated with a range of infections from gastroenteritis to bacteremia acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing these pathogens. Although generally regarded as susceptible to commonly employed antibiotics, the antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio spp. has been on the rise in the last two decades, which has raised concern about future infections by these bacteria becoming increasingly challenging to treat. Diverse mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been discovered in pathogenic vibrios, the most important being the membrane efflux pumps, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance and their virulence, environmental fitness, and persistence through biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic vibrios and some of the well-characterized efflux pumps' contributions to the physiology of antimicrobial resistance, host and environment survival, and their pathogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vibrionaceae; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 38017151
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03731-5 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Sep 2023Members of the genus are ecologically significant bacteria native to aquatic ecosystems globally, and a few can cause diseases in humans. Vibrio-related illnesses have...
Members of the genus are ecologically significant bacteria native to aquatic ecosystems globally, and a few can cause diseases in humans. Vibrio-related illnesses have increased in recent years, primarily attributed to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, understanding the role of environmental factors in the occurrence and growth of pathogenic strains is crucial for public health. Water, oyster, and sediment samples were collected between 2009 and 2012 from Chester River and Tangier Sound sites in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, to investigate the relationship between water temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll with the incidence and distribution of (VP) and (VV). Odds ratio analysis was used to determine association between the likelihood of VP and VV presence and these environmental variables. Results suggested that water temperature threshold of 20°C or higher was associated with an increased risk, favoring the incidence of . A significant difference in salinity was observed between the two sampling sites, with distinct ranges showing high odds ratio for incidence, especially in water and sediment, emphasizing the impact of salinity on VP and VV incidence and distribution. Notably, salinity between 9-20 PPT consistently favored the incidence across all samples. Relationship between chlorophyll concentrations and VP and VV incidence varied depending on sample type. However, chlorophyll range of 0-10 μg/L was identified as critical in oyster samples for both vibrios. Analysis of odds ratios for water samples demonstrated consistent outcomes across all environmental parameters, indicating water samples offer a more reliable indicator of . incidence.
PubMed: 37808627
DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559351 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023Among the diverse Vibrio spp. autochthonous to coastal ecosystems, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic to humans. Increasing...
Among the diverse Vibrio spp. autochthonous to coastal ecosystems, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are pathogenic to humans. Increasing sea-surface temperature, sea-level rise and water-related disasters associated with climate change have been shown to influence the proliferation of these bacteria and change their geographic distribution. We investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of Vibrio spp. in a tropical lake for 1 year at a 20-day interval. The abundance of Vibrio spp. was much higher during the south-west monsoon in 2018, when the lake experienced a once-in-a-century flood. The distribution of Vibrio spp. was influenced by salinity (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), phosphate (r = 0.18, p < 0.01) and nitrite (r = 0.16, p < 0.02) in the water. We isolated 470 colonies of Vibrio-like organisms and 341 could be revived further and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Functional annotations showed that all the 16 Vibrio spp. found in the lake could grow in association with animals. More than 60% of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.5. All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and cefepime. The proliferation of multiple antibiotic-resistant Vibrio spp. is a threat to human health. Our observations suggest that the presence of a diverse range of Vibrio spp. is favoured by the low-saline conditions brought about by heavy precipitation. Furthermore, infections caused by contact with Vibrio-contaminated waters may be difficult to cure due to their multiple antibiotic resistances. Therefore, continuous monitoring of bacterial pollution in the lakes is essential, as is the generation of risk maps of vibrio-infested waters to avoid public contact with contaminated waters and associated disease outbreaks.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lakes; Ecosystem; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Water; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 37906329
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30565-x -
Microorganisms Mar 2024With rising infection rates in recent years, poses an increasing threat to public safety in the coastal brackish Baltic Sea. It is therefore important to monitor this...
With rising infection rates in recent years, poses an increasing threat to public safety in the coastal brackish Baltic Sea. It is therefore important to monitor this organism and assess the infection risk on a more regular basis. However, as the coastline of the Baltic Sea is 8000 km long and shared by nine nations, a convenient, fast, inexpensive, yet efficient identification method is essential. We evaluated the effectiveness of a two-step agar-based approach consisting of successive isolation and cultivation on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagar™ for in comparison with , , and . Our study contains isolates from water and sediment across a broad expanse of the Baltic Sea including 13 locations and two different summers, the time of year during which infections are usually much more frequent. Confirmation of isolate species identity was carried out using molecular analyses. The two-step agar plating method performed well across different locations and timeframes in correctly identifying by more than 80%, but the sensitivity in other species varied. Thus, our approach yielded promising results as a potential tool for early detection across a broad timeframe and transect of the Baltic Sea and potentially other brackish environments.
PubMed: 38543665
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030614