-
The Lancet. Global Health Dec 2023Bangladesh has made substantial progress in improving socioeconomic and health indicators over the past 50 years, but data on national disease burden are scarce. We used...
BACKGROUND
Bangladesh has made substantial progress in improving socioeconomic and health indicators over the past 50 years, but data on national disease burden are scarce. We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to estimate the burden of diseases and risk factors in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS
For this systematic analysis, we analysed data from vital registration systems, surveys, and censuses using multistage modelling processes to estimate life expectancy at birth, mortality rate, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Additionally, we compared the health status of Bangladesh with that of the other countries in the GBD south Asia region-Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
FINDINGS
Life expectancy at birth in Bangladesh increased from 58·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 57·1-59·2) in 1990 to 74·6 years (72·4-76·7) in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 1509·3 (1428·6-1592·1) to 714·4 (604·9-838·2) deaths per 100 000 population. In 2019, non-communicable diseases represented 14 of the top 20 causes of death; the leading three causes were stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. High blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking were the top three risk factors. From 1990 to 2019, the rate of all-cause DALYs decreased by 54·9% (48·8-60·4). In 2019, the leading causes of DALYs and YLLs were neonatal disorders, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease, whereas musculoskeletal disorders, depressive disorders, and low back pain were the leading causes of YLDs. Bangladesh has the lowest age-standardised rates of mortality, YLDs, and YLLs and the highest life expectancy at birth in south Asia.
INTERPRETATION
Over the past 30 years, mortality rates have reduced by more than half in Bangladesh. Bangladesh must now address the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cost-effective, multisectoral efforts are needed to prevent and control non-communicable diseases, promote healthy lifestyles, and prevent premature mortality and disabilities.
FUNDING
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
TRANSLATION
For the Bangla translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Global Burden of Disease; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Bangladesh; Noncommunicable Diseases; Life Expectancy; Risk Factors; Myocardial Ischemia; Global Health; Stroke; Cause of Death
PubMed: 37973341
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00432-1 -
Revue de L'infirmiere Oct 2023The infant mortality rate (children under five) in Palestine is 21 deaths per 1,000 live births. Palestine has thus successfully reached the threshold set by the... (Review)
Review
The infant mortality rate (children under five) in Palestine is 21 deaths per 1,000 live births. Palestine has thus successfully reached the threshold set by the Millennium Development Goals for child mortality. However, this rate is higher than in neighboring countries. This indicator is extremely important as it is a highly sensitive indirect measure of population health, poverty and socio-economic development status, as well as the availability and quality of health services in a country. These are all factors that still present challenges in Palestine.
Topics: Child; Infant; Humans; Child Mortality; Infant Mortality; Health Services; Mortality
PubMed: 37838369
DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2023.08.009 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Sep 2023Though hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, the integrated information on its global prevalence and incidence is relatively lacking. The aim of this research was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Though hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, the integrated information on its global prevalence and incidence is relatively lacking. The aim of this research was to assess the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus, thus providing reliable data reference for clinical practice.
METHODS
A systematic review of global hallux valgus research publications concerning its prevalence and incidence was performed based on six electronic databases ((PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Online Journals and CQVIP)) from their inception to November 16, 2022. The search terms included "hallux valgus or bunion and prevalence or incidence or epidemiology." All languages were included. Data were extracted by country, continent, age group, gender and other information. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data by using random-effects models to synthesize available evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimated prevalence was 19% (95% CI, 13% to 25%) (n=186,262,669) for hallux valgus. In subgroup meta-analyses, the prevalence of hallux valgus was 21.96% (95% CI, 10.95% to 35.46%) in Asia, 3% (95% CI, 0% to 15%) in Africa, 18.35% (95% CI, 11.65% to 26.16%) in Europe, 29.26% (95% CI, 4.8% to 63.26%) in Oceania, and 16.1% (95% CI, 5.9% to 30.05%) in North America, respectively. The pooled prevalence of hallux valgus by gender was 23.74% (95% CI, 16.21% to 32.21%) for females and 11.43% (95% CI, 6.18% to 18%) for males. The prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 2% to 26%) in individuals younger than 20 years old, 12.22% in adults aged 20-60 years (95% CI, 5.86% to 20.46%) and 22.7% in elderly people aged over 60 years (95% CI, 13.1% to 33.98%).
CONCLUSION
This research provided the global prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The global estimated pooled prevalence and incidence of hallux valgus was 19%. A higher prevalence of hallux valgus was found in females, Oceania countries, and among people aged over 60 years. Due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Hallux Valgus; Incidence; Prevalence; Bunion; China
PubMed: 37726760
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00661-9 -
BMJ Open Oct 2023To evaluate the most up-to-date burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) and analyse their leading causes in different countries/territories.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the most up-to-date burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) and analyse their leading causes in different countries/territories.
DESIGN
An analysis of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data.
SETTING
The epidemiological data were gathered from GBD Results Tool (1 January, 1990─31 December 2019) covering 21 GBD regions and 204 countries/ territories.
PARTICIPANTS
Patients with TBI/SCI.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Absolute numbers and age-standardised rates/estimates of incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of TBI/SCI by location in 2019, with their percentage changes from 1990 to 2019. The leading causes (eg, falls) of TBI/SCI in 204 countries/territories.
RESULTS
Globally, in 2019, TBI had 27.16 million new cases, 48.99 million prevalent cases and 7.08 million YLDs. SCI had 0.91 million new cases, 20.64 million prevalent cases and 6.20 million YLDs. Global age-standardised incidence rates of TBI decreased significantly by -5.5% (95% uncertainty interval -8.9% to -3.0%) from 1990 to 2019, whereas SCI had no significant change (-6.1% (-17.3% to 1.5%)). Regionally, in 2019, Eastern Europe and High-income North America had the highest burden of TBI and SCI, respectively. Nationally, in 2019, Slovenia and Afghanistan had the highest age-standardised incidence rates of TBI and SCI, respectively. For TBI, falls were the leading cause in 74% (150/204) of countries/territories, followed by pedestrian road injuries (14%, 29/204), motor vehicle road injuries (5%, 11/204), and conflict and terrorism (2%, 4/204). For SCI, falls were the leading cause in 97% (198/204) of countries/territories, followed by conflict and terrorism (3%, 6/204).
CONCLUSIONS
Global age-standardised incidence rates of TBI have decreased significantly since 1990, whereas SCI had no significant change. The leading causes of TBI/SCI globally were falls, but variations did exist between countries/territories. Policy-makers should continue to prioritise interventions to reduce falls, but priorities may vary between countries/territories.
Topics: Humans; Global Burden of Disease; Spinal Cord Injuries; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Prevalence; Incidence; Accidental Injuries; Global Health; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 37802626
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075049 -
Annals of Epidemiology Aug 2023Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have scrambled to set up data collection and dissemination pipelines for various online datasets. This study aims to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have scrambled to set up data collection and dissemination pipelines for various online datasets. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of the preliminary COVID-19 mortality data from Serbia, which has been included in major COVID-19 databases and utilized for research purposes worldwide.
METHODS
Discrepancies between the preliminary mortality data and the final mortality data in Serbia were analyzed. The preliminary data were reported through an emergency-necessitated system, while the final data were generated by the regular vital statistics pipeline. We identified databases that include these data and conducted a literature review of articles that utilized them.
RESULTS
The number of deaths due to COVID-19 in Serbia, as reported preliminarily, does not align with the final death toll, which is more than three times higher. Our literature review identified at least 86 studies that were impacted by these problematic data.
CONCLUSIONS
We strongly advise researchers to disregard the preliminary COVID-19 mortality data from Serbia due to the significant discrepancies with the final data. We recommend validating any preliminary data using excess mortality if all-cause mortality data are available.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Mortality; Pandemics; Reproducibility of Results; Serbia
PubMed: 37196849
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.006 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Sep 2023Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and...
INTRODUCTION
Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification.
OBJECTIVE
To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
METHODS
We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.
RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077).
CONCLUSION
Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
Topics: Female; Humans; Incidence; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cardiovascular System; Morbidity
PubMed: 37330983
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13686 -
Psychiatry Research Oct 2023This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of depressive disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. All data were obtained...
This study aims to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of depressive disorders in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. All data were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Age-period-cohort (APC) modeling was conducted to disentangle age, period, and birth cohort effects on depression incidence. We compared these estimates across regions classified based on their socio-demographic index (SDI). The Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was calculated for each of the 204 countries and territories to identify the top five countries with increased depression incidence (Spain, Mexico, Malaysia, the United States of America, and Uruguay) and the top five countries with decreased depression incidence (Singapore, Estonia, Cuba, Maldives, and Sri Lanka). The results from APC analysis indicate that although depression incidence has decreased globally, the incidence rate in high SDI regions is still increasing, especially in the younger generations. Findings suggest that currently some populations are in need of receiving more psychological support (i.e., individuals born after 1950s in high SDI regions; males in middle SDI regions). Forthcoming studies could corroborate our findings using individual-level data which may guide future prevention and intervention of depression in high-risk populations or regions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Life Expectancy; Socioeconomic Factors; Global Health; Incidence; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 37651839
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115433 -
Osteoporosis International : a Journal... Jan 2024This study is the first to measure global burden of hip fracture in patients aged 55 years and older across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Our study...
UNLABELLED
This study is the first to measure global burden of hip fracture in patients aged 55 years and older across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Our study further proved that the global burden of hip fracture is still large. Hip fractures among males are perhaps underestimated, and older adults should be given more attention.
PURPOSE
Hip fracture is a tremendous universal public health challenge, but no updated comprehensive and comparable assessment of hip fracture incidence and burden exists for most of the world in older adults.
METHODS
Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019, we estimated the number and rates of the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) of hip fracture across 204 countries and territories in patients aged 55 years and older from 1990 to 2019.
RESULTS
In 2019, the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs rates of hip fracture in patients aged 55 years and older were 681.35 (95% UI 508.36-892.27) per 100000 population, 1191.39 (95% UI 1083.80-1301.52) per 100000 population, and 130.78 (95% UI 92.26-175.30) per 100000 population. During the three decades, the incidence among people aged below 60 years showed a downward trend, whereas it showed a rapid upward trend among older adults. All the numbers and rates of hip fractures among females were higher than those among males and increased with age, with the highest number and rate in the highest age group. Notably, the male to female ratio of the incidence for people aged over 55 years increased from 0.577 in 1990 to 0.612 in 2019. Falls were the leading cause among both sexes and in all age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence and the number of hip fractures among patients aged 55 years and older increased over the past three decades, indicating that the global burden of hip fracture is still large. Hip fractures among males are perhaps underestimated, and older adults should be given more attention.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Global Burden of Disease; Incidence; Prevalence; Hip Fractures; Disabled Persons; Global Health; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 37704919
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06907-3 -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Oct 2023In recent years, the global epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed rapidly.
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the global epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed rapidly.
AIMS
We described the updated global IBD epidemiology results based on the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD).
METHODS
We estimated the prevalence rate, death rate, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from GBD 2019 in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019.
RESULTS
The crude prevalence of IBD increased by 47% in 2019 globally. Accordingly, the age-standardized prevalence rate showed 19% decrease. The age-standardized death rates, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs of IBD in 2019 decreased compared to those in 1990. The annual percentage change in age-standardized prevalence rate decreased most in United States and increased in East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific from 1990 to 2019. Continents with high socioeconomic index (SDI) had higher age-standardized prevalence rates compared to continents with low SDI. The 2019 age-standardized prevalence rate of high latitudes was higher than that of low latitudes in Asia, Europe, and North America.
CONCLUSION
The observed trends and geographic variations in IBD documented in the 2019 GBD study will aid policymakers in policy, research, and investment development.
Topics: Humans; Global Burden of Disease; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Prevalence; Disabled Persons; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Global Health; Incidence
PubMed: 37137806
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.04.003 -
Circulation Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; Prevalence; Cause of Death; Aortic Diseases; Family
PubMed: 37603605
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065406