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Clinical & Experimental Optometry Jan 2024Investigating the role of dietary vitamin B6 intake in the risk and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could facilitate the management of DR.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Investigating the role of dietary vitamin B6 intake in the risk and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) could facilitate the management of DR.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and the risk of DR and further explore the association between vitamin B6 intake and mortality in patients with DR.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study gained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. The intake of dietary vitamin B6 was assessed by two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Mortality information in the National Death Index was recorded from the date of survey participation through 31 December 2019. Multivariate regression analyses were employed to assess the association between vitamin B6 intake and the risk of DR, and the association between vitamin B6 intake and the risk of mortality in patients with DR.
RESULTS
A total of 5559 subjects were included, of which 693 (12.47%) had DR. Among these patients with DR, 429 (61.90%) were survivors. Multivariate analyses showed that the intake of vitamin B6 was negatively associated with the risk of DR (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence level: 0.69-0.95, = 0.012), and patients with DR with an increased intake of vitamin B6 had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence level: 0.66-0.99, = 0.041) or cardiovascular disease-related death (hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence level: 0.58-0.98, = 0.037).
CONCLUSION
The intake of vitamin B6 was negatively associated with the risk of DR, and in patients with DR, a higher intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular disease-related death, indicating the possible protective role of increased vitamin B6 intake.
PubMed: 38194486
DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2300298 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Iron is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that iron supplementation is related to...
INTRODUCTION
Iron is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that iron supplementation is related to exercise performance and endurance capacity improvements. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. Recent studies have suggested the beneficial impact of iron supplementation on mitochondrial function and its ability to rescue mitochondrial function under adverse stress and rodents. Based on current knowledge, our study aimed to investigate whether the changes in exercise performance resulting from iron supplementation are associated with its effect on mitochondrial function.
METHODS
In this study, we orally administered an iron-based supplement to rats for 30 consecutive days at a dosage of 0.66 mg iron/kg body weight and vitamin B6 at a dosage of 0.46 mg/kg.
RESULTS
Our findings reveal that long-term iron supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, led to less body weight gained and increased VO max in rats. Besides, the treatment substantially increased Complex I- and Complex II-driven ATP production in intact mitochondria isolated from gastrocnemius and cerebellum. However, the treatment did not change basal and succinate-induced ROS production in mitochondria from the cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the iron intervention significantly upregulated several skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism-related biomarkers, including PGC-1α, SIRT1, NRF-2, SDHA, HSL, MTOR, and LON-P. However, it did not affect the muscular protein expression of SIRT3, FNDC5, LDH, FIS1, MFN1, eNOS, and nNOS. Interestingly, the iron intervention did not exert similar effects on the hippocampus of rats.
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that long-term iron supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, increases VO max, possibly through its positive role in regulating skeletal muscle-specific mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production in rats.
PubMed: 38288063
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1335187 -
British Journal of Community Nursing Mar 2024This study reviews research into the effects of the supplementation of B12 in the prevention and recovery of mental illness, and the potentiation of psychotropic... (Review)
Review
AIM
This study reviews research into the effects of the supplementation of B12 in the prevention and recovery of mental illness, and the potentiation of psychotropic medication.
METHODOLOGY
This literature review follows a systematic approach to searching databases CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO where 287 non-duplicated articles results were received. Appropriate articles were identified through title and abstract screening and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Five articles were chosen to address the research question following critical appraisal. Thematic analysis was then conducted.
FINDINGS
This review identified five randomised controlled trials into the supplementation of various doses of B12 in conjunction with folic acid and B6. The supplement was measured against post-stroke depression prevention, the reduction of symptoms of depression in woman with cardiovascular disease, the effect on negative symptoms in schizophrenia, the reduction and prevention of depression in older adults, and the potentiation of psychotropic interventions. The papers reviewed showed inconclusive results, but evidence to support sub-groups and specific high-risk groups. Strong evidence showed supplementation of B12, folic acid and B6 has high rates of preventing post-stroke depression.
CONCLUSION
The findings show that this area of research is still to be developed. The effects of B12 supplementation with other B vitamins on mental health have shown to be inconclusive. There is a case for its use to be considered within certain patient groups to aid recovery of mental health or in some high-risk patient groups. Recommendations are made for further research into high-risk groups of people that may have symptoms or symptoms that could be improved through the supplementation of B12.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Vitamin B 12; Folic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Cardiovascular Diseases; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 38421889
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.3.137 -
Neurology Oct 2023Inborn errors of metabolism are a diverse group of genetic disorders including many that cause neonatal-onset epilepsy such as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE). PDE...
Inborn errors of metabolism are a diverse group of genetic disorders including many that cause neonatal-onset epilepsy such as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE). PDE occurs secondary to biallelic pathogenic variants in and can present with refractory neonatal seizures and status epilepticus. Neonatal seizures and encephalopathy are modifiable with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation. However, the clinical response to pyridoxine supplementation can be delayed. We present the case of a full-term neonate with PDE in which seizure cessation was seen a few hours after intravenous pyridoxine load, but the improvement in EEG background and level of clinical encephalopathy occurred 5 days later. We share this case to provide an example in which clinical improvement in PDE was gradual and required continuation of treatment for several days illustrating the necessity of continuing vitamin B6 supplementation in suspected cases until confirmatory genetic testing is obtained or an alternate cause is found.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Pyridoxine; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Epilepsy; Vitamin B 6; Seizures
PubMed: 37580162
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207829 -
International Urology and Nephrology Apr 2024This research aimed to explore the association between changes in the intake of common individual vitamins and combinations of vitamins and the prevalence of kidney...
BACKGROUND
This research aimed to explore the association between changes in the intake of common individual vitamins and combinations of vitamins and the prevalence of kidney calculi.
METHODS
We used data from NHANES to investigate the association between nine common vitamins and kidney stone prevalence. Participants were clustered into several vitamin exposure patterns using an unsupervised K-means clustering method. We used logistic regression models and restrictive cubic spline curves to explore the influence of vitamins.
RESULTS
The regression model exposed that compared to lower intake, high intake of vitamin B6 [Q4: OR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.62, 0.93)], vitamin C [Q4: OR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.59, 0.90)] and vitamin D [Q4: OR (95% CI) = 0.77 (0.64, 0.94)] individually exerted protective effects against the prevalence of kidney stones. Furthermore, the restrictive cubic spline analysis showed that the protective effect against the prevalence of kidney stones is enhanced as the take of vitamin B6 and vitamin D increased. Moreover, with the increase in vitamin C intake, its protective effect may turn into a risk factor. Regarding mixed exposure, Cluster 4 exhibited a significant protective effect against kidney stones compared with Cluster 1 [Model 3: OR (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.64, 0.98)].
CONCLUSIONS
Our research revealed that high levels of vitamin B6 and vitamin D intake were linked to a lower prevalence of kidney stone. With the gradual increase intake of vitamin C, the prevalence of kidney calculi decreased first and then increased. In addition, the co-exposure of nine vitamins is a protective factor for kidney stone disease.
PubMed: 38564076
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04021-9 -
Clinical and molecular description of the first Italian cohort of 33 subjects with hypophosphatasia.Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease caused by inactivating variants of the ALPL gene. Few data are available on the clinical presentation in Italy and/or on...
INTRODUCTION
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease caused by inactivating variants of the ALPL gene. Few data are available on the clinical presentation in Italy and/or on Italian HPP surveys.
METHODS
There were 30 suspected HPP patients recruited from different Italian tertiary cares. Biological samples and related clinical, biochemical, and anamnestic data were collected and the ALPL gene sequenced. Search for large genomic deletions at the ALPL locus (1p36) was done. Phylogenetic conservation and modeling were applied to infer the effect of the variants on the protein structure.
RESULTS
There were 21 ALPL variants and one large genomic deletion found in 20 out of 30 patients. Unexpectedly, NGS-driven differential diagnosis allowed uncovering three hidden additional HPP cases, for a total of 33 HPP subjects. Eight out of 24 coding variants were novel and classified as "pathogenic", "likely pathogenic", and "variants of uncertain significance". Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that all the variants strongly destabilize the homodimer structure. There were 10 cases with low ALP and high VitB6 that resulted negative to genetic testing, whereas two positive cases have an unexpected normal ALP value. No association was evident with other biochemical/clinical parameters.
DISCUSSION
We present the survey of HPP Italian patients with the highest ALPL mutation rate so far reported and confirm the complexity of a prompt recognition of the syndrome, mostly for HPP in adults. Low ALP and high VitB6 values are mandatory for the genetic screening, this latter remaining the gold standard not only to confirm the clinical diagnosis but also to make differential diagnosis, to identify carriers, to avoid likely dangerous therapy in unrecognized cases.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypophosphatasia; Phylogeny; Computational Biology; Diagnosis, Differential; Italy; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 37600704
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205977 -
IUCrJ Mar 2024Serial crystallography requires large numbers of microcrystals and robust strategies to rapidly apply substrates to initiate reactions in time-resolved studies. Here, we...
Serial crystallography requires large numbers of microcrystals and robust strategies to rapidly apply substrates to initiate reactions in time-resolved studies. Here, we report the use of droplet miniaturization for the controlled production of uniform crystals, providing an avenue for controlled substrate addition and synchronous reaction initiation. The approach was evaluated using two enzymatic systems, yielding 3 µm crystals of lysozyme and 2 µm crystals of Pdx1, an Arabidopsis enzyme involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis. A seeding strategy was used to overcome the improbability of Pdx1 nucleation occurring with diminishing droplet volumes. Convection within droplets was exploited for rapid crystal mixing with ligands. Mixing times of <2 ms were achieved. Droplet microfluidics for crystal size engineering and rapid micromixing can be utilized to advance time-resolved serial crystallography.
Topics: Crystallography; Microfluidics; Arabidopsis; Cognition; Convection
PubMed: 38446456
DOI: 10.1107/S2052252524001799 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal... (Review)
Review
Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal pathways contributing to the 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme's activity and the distal pathways being affected by its activity. This review investigates these pathways, describing mechanisms relevant to riboflavin availability, trace mineral interactions, and the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) product of the MTHFR enzyme. These factors remotely influence vitamin cofactor activation, histamine metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, the oxidative stress response, DNA methylation, and nicotinamide synthesis. These biochemical components form a broad interactive landscape from which candidate markers can be drawn for research inquiry into schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness. Candidate markers drawn from this functional biochemical background have been found to have biomarker status with greater than 90% specificity and sensitivity for achieving diagnostic certainty in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. This has implications for achieving targeted treatments for serious mental illness.
Topics: Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Schizophrenia; Genotype; Psychotic Disorders; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37894974
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015296 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Several risk factors, including nutritional/lifestyle ones, play a role in gastric cancer etiology. Further interactions with mental health have also been emphasized. We...
Several risk factors, including nutritional/lifestyle ones, play a role in gastric cancer etiology. Further interactions with mental health have also been emphasized. We hypothesized that individuals with mental disorders would exhibit compromised nutrient intake, increasing their risk of gastric cancer. The state of mental health was evaluated in 82 patients with gastric cancer and 95 healthy controls using the 21-item Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. The participants' dietary intakes were evaluated by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on fully adjusted logistic regressions, there was a significant association between depression (OR = 1.938, CI 95%: 1.009-3.723) and stress (OR = 2.630, CI 95%: 1.014-6.819) with increased odds of gastric cancer. According to fully adjusted multinomial regressions, vitamins A and B6, beta-carotene, and black tea decreased the odds of depression, based on comparing the control group with cases of depression, while sugar and salt increased its odds. The highest significant association was found for salt intake and anxiety in cases with present anxiety (OR = 4.899, 95% CI: 2.218-10.819), and the highest significant protective effect was found for vitamin B6 and depression in cases with present depression (OR = 0.132, 95% CI: 0.055-0.320). However, considering causal relationships and clarifying the underlying mechanisms is imperative and requires further investigation. Advising healthy dietary patterns, e.g., a Mediterranean diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals such as vitamin A, B6, beta-carotene, and fiber, is expected to reduce the odds of gastric cancer, possibly related to lower levels of anxiety and depression.
Topics: Humans; beta Carotene; Depression; Stomach Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Mental Health; Diet; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38068839
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234981 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023Neural tube defects (NTDs) still occur among some women who consume 400 μg of folic acid for prevention. It has been hypothesized that intakes of methyl donors and...
Periconceptional intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further reduce the risk of neural tube defects in offspring: a United States population-based case-control study of women meeting the folic acid recommendations.
BACKGROUND
Neural tube defects (NTDs) still occur among some women who consume 400 μg of folic acid for prevention. It has been hypothesized that intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further protect against NTDs.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, methionine, thiamine, riboflavin, and zinc, individually or in combination, were associated with NTD risk reduction in offspring of women meeting the folic acid recommendations.
METHODS
Data were from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States population-based, case-control). We restricted deliveries between 1999 and 2011 with daily periconceptional folic acid supplementation or estimated dietary folate equivalents ≥400 μg. NTD cases were live births, stillbirths, or terminations affected by spina bifida, anencephaly, or encephalocele (n = 1227). Controls were live births without a major birth defect (n = 7095). We categorized intake of each micronutrient as higher or lower based on a combination of diet (estimated from a food frequency questionnaire) and periconceptional vitamin supplementation. We estimated NTD associations for higher compared with lower intake of each micronutrient, individually and in combination, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and study center.
RESULTS
NTD associations with each micronutrient were weak to modest. Greater NTD reductions were observed with concurrent higher-amount intakes of multiple micronutrients. For instance, NTD odds were ∼50% lower among participants with ≥4 micronutrients with higher-amount intakes than among participants with ≤1 micronutrient with higher-amount intake (adjusted OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.86). The strongest reduction occurred with concurrent higher-amount intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, and methionine (adjusted OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.77) compared with ≤1 micronutrient with higher-amount intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support that NTD prevention, in the context of folic acid fortification, could be augmented with intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in folate metabolism.
Topics: Female; Humans; Folic Acid; Micronutrients; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Neural Tube Defects; Trace Elements; Methionine; Racemethionine; Choline; Vitamin B 6; Carbon
PubMed: 37661108
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.034