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Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Oct 2023There are few data on micronutrient intake in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
There are few data on micronutrient intake in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of adequacy in micronutrient intake according to the recommendations, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in older adults with T2D.
METHODS
One hundred thirty-eight patients (47 women and 91 men) with T2D aged over 65 years were included. Dietary habits were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls. The micronutrient intake, expressed as mean daily intake, and adequacy were compared with the dietary recommendations proposed by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (LARN) and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the MEDI-quest score.
RESULTS
An extremely low proportion of participants (∼1%) adhered to the recommendations for potassium and vitamin D intake. A low proportion of participants adhered to the recommendations for calcium (∼23%), magnesium (∼16%), selenium (∼17%), vitamin E (∼14%), riboflavin (∼28%), vitamin B (∼29%), folate (∼25%), and niacin (∼27%) intake. More than 60% of the population adhered to the recommendations for iron, copper, vitamin A and B intake. Only 53% of the population showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that a very low proportion of older adults with T2D meet the recommendations for ten micronutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, riboflavin, vitamin B, folate, and niacin) with an unsatisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Nutritional approaches aimed at favoring adherence to dietary recommendations and increasing the consumption of foods rich in micronutrients should be implemented in older adults.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Diet, Mediterranean; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Calcium; Selenium; Magnesium; Niacin; Vitamins; Riboflavin; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin E
PubMed: 37739677
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.011 -
Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease May 2024Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to... (Review)
Review
Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to expand, current defects in corresponding mouse models include enzymes and a molecular co-chaperone involved in monoamine synthesis and metabolism (PAH, TH, PITX3, AADC, DBH, MAOA, DNAJC6), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH) cofactor synthesis and recycling (adGTPCH1/DRD, arGTPCH1, PTPS, SR, DHPR), and vitamin B cofactor deficiency (ALDH7A1), as well as defective monoamine neurotransmitter packaging (VMAT1, VMAT2) and reuptake (DAT). No mouse models are available for human DNAJC12 co-chaperone and PNPO-B deficiencies, disorders associated with recessive variants that result in decreased stability and function of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and decreased neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively. More than one mutant mouse is available for some of these defects, which is invaluable as different variant-specific (knock-in) models may provide more insights into underlying mechanisms of disorders, while complete gene inactivation (knock-out) models often have limitations in terms of recapitulating complex human diseases. While these mouse models have common phenotypic traits also observed in patients, reflecting the defective homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, they also present with disease-specific manifestations with toxic accumulation or deficiency of specific metabolites related to the specific gene affected. This review provides an overview of the currently available models and may give directions toward selecting existing models or generating new ones to investigate novel pathogenic mechanisms and precision therapies.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Biogenic Monoamines
PubMed: 38168036
DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12710 -
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal Mar 2024Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects about 9.3% of the population globally. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DM, owing to its promotion... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects about 9.3% of the population globally. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DM, owing to its promotion of oxidative stress, β-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. HHcy can result from low status of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients (e.g., folate, choline, betaine, vitamin B6, B12), which work together to degrade homocysteine by methylation. The etiology of HHcy may also involve genetic variation encoding key enzymes in OCM. This review aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature assessing the link between OCM nutrients status, related genetic factors, and incident DM. We also discussed possible mechanisms underlying the role of OCM in DM development and provided recommendations for future research and practice. Even though the available evidence remains inconsistent, some studies support the potential beneficial effects of intakes or blood levels of OCM nutrients on DM development. Moreover, certain variants in OCM-related genes may influence metabolic handling of methyl-donors and presumably incidental DM. Future studies are warranted to establish the causal inference between OCM and DM and examine the interaction of OCM nutrients and genetic factors with DM development, which will inform the personalized recommendations for OCM nutrients intakes on DM prevention.
Topics: Humans; Folic Acid; Nutrients; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Diabetes Mellitus; Carbon; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 38468500
DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0272 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Limited studies are available on vitamin B6 status in domestic cats. To this end, we evaluated glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in hemolysates with and...
Limited studies are available on vitamin B6 status in domestic cats. To this end, we evaluated glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in hemolysates with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition in two feline populations: a cohort of 60 healthy, domestic (sexually intact and specific pathogen-free) cats maintained under strictly controlled conditions with appropriate diets housed at the Feline Nutrition and Pet Care Center, and a cohort of 57 cats randomly selected between December 2022 to January 2023 that visited the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital to seek care under different circumstances. The GOT activity expressed as the ratio with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition (primary activation ratio; PAR) decreased significantly with age in the healthy cohort. The PAR values normalized to age established a cut-off for vitamin B6 deficiency in both cohorts, identifying 17 of 101 animals as vitamin B6 deficient. Using machine learning, a partition-based model (decision tree) was built to identify the most important factors that predicted vitamin B6 deficiency while using the resulting tree to make predictions for new observations. This analysis, performed with all 101 cats, revealed that the diagnosis of an infectious, chronic or acute condition (0.55) was the main contributor, followed by age (0.26), and body condition score (optimal-overweight; 0.19). Thus, our study supports that vitamin B6 supplementation may be indicated in junior to adult animals diagnosed with an infectious, chronic, or acute conditions or healthy cats with body weight ranging from optimal to overweight. In older cats, even if healthy, underweight to optimal cats appear to be at risk of vitamin B6 deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Hospitals, Teaching; Overweight; Phosphates; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency
PubMed: 38263201
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52367-y -
Cells Aug 2023There is an increasing interest in biomarkers of nitric oxide dysregulation and oxidative stress to guide management and identify new therapeutic targets in patients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
There is an increasing interest in biomarkers of nitric oxide dysregulation and oxidative stress to guide management and identify new therapeutic targets in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between circulating metabolites within the arginine (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, asymmetric, ADMA, and symmetric, SDMA dimethylarginine), transsulfuration (methionine, homocysteine, and cysteine) and folic acid (folic acid, vitamin B, and vitamin B) metabolic pathways and COPD. We searched electronic databases from inception to 30 June 2023 and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence. In 21 eligible studies, compared to healthy controls, patients with stable COPD had significantly lower methionine (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.50, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.05, = 0.029) and folic acid (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.09, = 0.009), and higher homocysteine (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.07, < 0.001) and cysteine concentrations (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.66, = 0.038). Additionally, COPD was associated with significantly higher ADMA (SMD = 1.27, 95% CI 0.08 to 2.46, = 0.037), SDMA (SMD = 3.94, 95% CI 0.79 to 7.08, = 0.014), and ornithine concentrations (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.22, = 0.015). In subgroup analysis, the SMD of homocysteine was significantly associated with the biological matrix assessed and the forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio, but not with age, study location, or analytical method used. Our study suggests that the presence of significant alterations in metabolites within the arginine, transsulfuration, and folic acid pathways can be useful for assessing nitric oxide dysregulation and oxidative stress and identifying novel treatment targets in COPD. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023448036.).
Topics: Humans; Cysteine; Nitric Oxide; Metabolomics; Arginine; Methionine; Racemethionine; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Vitamins
PubMed: 37681911
DOI: 10.3390/cells12172180 -
Nature Reviews. Urology Oct 2023Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the... (Review)
Review
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Calcium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney Calculi; Urolithiasis; Vitamin A; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37161031
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep 2023Recently, biallelic variants in PLPBP coding for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate homeostasis protein (PLPHP) were identified as a novel cause of early-onset vitamin B-dependent...
Recently, biallelic variants in PLPBP coding for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate homeostasis protein (PLPHP) were identified as a novel cause of early-onset vitamin B-dependent epilepsy. The molecular function and precise role of PLPHP in vitamin B metabolism are not well understood. To address these questions, we used PLPHP-deficient patient skin fibroblasts and HEK293 cells and YBL036C (PLPHP ortholog)-deficient yeast. We showed that independent of extracellular B vitamer type (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, or pyridoxal), intracellular pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was lower in PLPHP-deficient fibroblasts and HEK293 cells than controls. Culturing cells with pyridoxine or pyridoxamine led to the concentration-dependent accumulation of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), respectively, suggesting insufficient pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase activity. Experiments utilizing C-pyridoxine confirmed lower pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase activity and revealed increased fractional turnovers of PLP and pyridoxal, indicating increased PLP hydrolysis to pyridoxal in PLPHP-deficient cells. This effect could be partly counteracted by inactivation of pyridoxal phosphatase. PLPHP deficiency had a distinct effect on mitochondrial PLP and PMP, suggesting impaired activity of mitochondrial transaminases. Moreover, in YBL036C-deficient yeast, PLP was depleted and PMP accumulated only with carbon sources requiring mitochondrial metabolism. Lactate and pyruvate accumulation along with the decrease of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates downstream of α-ketoglutarate suggested impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in PLPHP-deficient HEK293 cells. We hypothesize that impaired activity of mitochondrial transaminases may contribute to this depletion. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the pathomechanisms of PLPBP deficiency and reinforces the link between PLPHP function, vitamin B metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
Topics: Humans; HEK293 Cells; Proteins; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transaminases; Vitamin B 6; Fibroblasts; Cells, Cultured; Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Amino Acids
PubMed: 37451483
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105047 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Previous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress (OS) plays an...
BACKGROUND
Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Previous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in developing VC and that antioxidants have anti-VC effects.
OBJECTIVES
Our study aimed to determine the relationship between the intake of antioxidants from dietary sources and the prevalence of VC, especially in the CKD population.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed population-based data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2013-2014). Participants were noninstitutionalized adults >40 years of age. Diet-derived antioxidants were obtained from the first 24-h dietary recall interviews. The abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score was measured by a DXA scan. We divided the AAC scores into three groups: no calcification (AAC =0), mild to moderate calcification (0< AAC ≤6), and severe calcification (AAC >6).
RESULTS
A total of 2897 participants were included in the main analysis. Our results showed that vitamin B6, α-tocopherol, and lycopene were associated with severe AAC in unadjusted models (odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.91, 0.001; OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, 0.008; OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99, 0.01, respectively). However, only dietary lycopene was associated with severe AAC after adjusting covariates based on clinical and statistical significance. Per 1 mg higher intake of diet-derived lycopene per day, the odds of having severe AAC were 2% lower in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-0.999, 0.04). Moreover, in subgroup analysis, diet-derived antioxidant was not associated with AAC in patients with CKD.
UNLABELLED
Our findings indicate that a higher intake of diet-derived lycopene was independently associated with lower odds of having severe AAC in humans. Therefore, a high intake of diet-derived lycopene may help prevent severe AAC.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lycopene; Diet; Vascular Calcification; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Aortic Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37014261
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2195205 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38905292
DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae098 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Chickpeas are more sustainable than other food systems and have high a nutritional value, especially regarding their vitamin composition. One of the main vitamins in...
Chickpeas are more sustainable than other food systems and have high a nutritional value, especially regarding their vitamin composition. One of the main vitamins in chickpeas is vitamin B6, which is very important for several human metabolic functions. Since chickpeas are consumed after cooking, our goal was to better understand the role of leaching (diffusion) and thermal degradation of vitamin B6 in chickpeas during hydrothermal processing. Kinetics were conducted at four temperatures, ranging from 25 to 85 °C, carried out for 4 h in an excess of water for the diffusion kinetics, or in hermetic bags for the thermal degradation kinetics. Thermal degradation was modeled according to a first-order reaction, and diffusion was modeled according to a modified version of Fick's second law. Diffusivity constants varied from 4.76 × 10 m/s at 25 °C to 2.07 × 10 m/s at 85 °C; the temperature had an impact on both the diffusivity constant and the residual vitamin B6. The kinetic constant ranged from 9.35 × 10 at 25 °C to 54.9 × 10 s at 85 °C, with a lower impact of the temperature. In conclusion, vitamin B6 is relatively stable to heat degradation; loss is mainly due to diffusion, especially during shorter treatment times.
PubMed: 38928789
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121847