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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with the development of several diseases. In the current context of a global pandemic of vitamin D deficiency, it is critical...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with the development of several diseases. In the current context of a global pandemic of vitamin D deficiency, it is critical to identify people at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. There are no prediction tools for predicting the risk of vitamin D deficiency in the general community population, and this study aims to use machine learning to predict the risk of vitamin D deficiency using data that can be obtained through simple interviews in the community.
METHODS
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2018 dataset is used for the analysis which is randomly divided into training and validation sets in the ratio of 70:30. GBM, LR, NNet, RF, SVM, XGBoost methods are used to construct the models and their performance is evaluated. The best performed model was interpreted using the SHAP value and further development of the online web calculator.
RESULTS
There were 62,919 participants enrolled in the study, and all participants included in the study were 2 years old and above, of which 20,204 (32.1%) participants had vitamin D deficiency. The models constructed by each method were evaluated using AUC as the primary evaluation statistic and ACC, PPV, NPV, SEN, SPE, F1 score, MCC, Kappa, and Brier score as secondary evaluation statistics. Finally, the XGBoost-based model has the best and near-perfect performance. The summary plot of SHAP values shows that the top three important features for this model are race, age, and BMI. An online web calculator based on this model can easily and quickly predict the risk of vitamin D deficiency.
CONCLUSION
In this study, the XGBoost-based prediction tool performs flawlessly and is highly accurate in predicting the risk of vitamin D deficiency in community populations.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Nutrition Surveys; Machine Learning; Pandemics; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38449846
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1327058 -
World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP Sep 2023This study aimed to explore the relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in three trimesters and at birth with neurodevelopment at 24 months of age.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to explore the relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in three trimesters and at birth with neurodevelopment at 24 months of age.
METHODS
From 2013 to 2016, pregnant women from the Shanghai Birth Cohort in China were recruited for the study. Altogether, 649 mother-infant pairs were included. Serum 25(OH)D was measured with mass spectrometry in three trimesters, and cord blood was divided into deficiency (< 20 and < 12 ng/mL, respectively), insufficiency (20-30 and 12-20 ng/mL, respectively), and sufficiency (≥ 30 and ≥ 20 ng/mL, respectively). Bayley-III scale was used to assess cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development at 24 months of age. The Bayley-III scores were grouped into quartiles, and scores within the lowest quartile were defined as suboptimal development.
RESULTS
After adjusting for confounding factors, cord blood 25(OH)D in the sufficient group was positively correlated with cognitive [β = 11.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.65-17.22], language (β = 6.01, 95% CI = 1.67-10.3), and motor scores (β = 6.43, 95% CI = 1.73-11.1); cord blood 25(OH)D in the insufficient group was also positively correlated with cognitive scores (β = 9.42, 95% CI = 3.74-15.11). Additionally, sufficient vitamin D status in the four periods and persistent 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL throughout pregnancy were associated with a lower risk of suboptimal cognitive development in adjusted models, although the effects were attenuated after applying the false discovery rate adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
Cord blood 25(OH)D ≥ 12 ng/mL has a significant positive association with cognitive, language, and motor development at 24 months of age. Sufficient vitamin D status in pregnancy might be a protective factor for suboptimal neurocognition development at 24 months of age.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cohort Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Prospective Studies; China; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 36972015
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00682-7 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Aug 2023The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born...
The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born infants. In BPD, the disease-characteristic inflammatory response culminates in nonreversible remodeling of the developing gas exchange area, provoked by the impact of postnatal treatments such as mechanical ventilation (MV) and oxygen treatment. To evaluate the potential of prenatal treatment regimens to modulate this inflammatory response and thereby impact the vulnerability of the lung toward postnatal injury, we designed a multilayered preclinical mouse model. After administration of either prenatal vitamin D-enriched (VitD+; 1,500 IU/g food) or -deprived (VitD-; <10 IU/kg) food during gestation in C57B6 mice (the onset of mating until birth), neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia (Fi = 0.4) with or without MV for 8 h at of life, whereas controls spontaneously breathed room air. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation resulted in a decreased number of monocytes/macrophages in the neonatal lung undergoing postnatal injury together with reduced TGF-β pathway activation. In consequence, neonatal mice that received a VitD+ diet during gestation demonstrated less extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling upon lung injury, reflected by the reduction of pulmonary α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, decreased collagen and elastin deposition, and lower amounts of interstitial tissue in the lung periphery. In conclusion, our findings support strategies that attempt to prevent vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy as they could impact lung health in the offspring by mitigating inflammatory changes in neonatal lung injury and ameliorating subsequent remodeling of the developing gas exchange area. Vitamin D-enriched diet during gestation resulted in reduced lung inflammation and matrix remodeling in neonatal mice exposed to clinically relevant, postnatal injury. The results underscore the need to monitor the subclinical effects of vitamin D insufficiency that impact health in the offspring when other risk factors come into play.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Animals; Mice; Animals, Newborn; Lung Injury; Vitamin D; Lung; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Pneumonia; Inflammation; Hyperoxia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37256661
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2022 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2024The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The relationship between Vitamin D levels and pediatric celiac disease (CD) remains controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between Vitamin D and pediatric CD.
METHODS
We screened relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science published in English from January 1, 2000, to August 1, 2023. The included studies were assessed according to the STROBE checklist. Heterogeneity was quantified by Cochran's Q test and the I statistic. Publication bias was estimated by Begg's test and Egger's test. Meta-regression was used to detect potential sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Nineteen articles compared 25(OH)D3 levels between CD patients and control groups, average 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D or calcidiol], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D or calcitriol] levels, as the main forms of Vitamin D, there was a significant difference in CD patients and healthy controls (weighted mean difference (WMD) = - 5.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [- 10.86, - 0.69] nmol/L). Meanwhile, eleven articles reported the numbers of patients and controls with Vitamin D deficiency, there was a significant difference in the incidence of 25(OH)D deficiency between CD patients and healthy controls (odds ratio 2.20, 95% CI= [1.19, 4.08]). Nine articles reported changes in 25(OH)D levels before and after administering a GFD in patients with CD, the result of this study revealed the increase of 25(OH)D levels in CD patients after a gluten-free diet (GFD) (WMD = - 6.74, 95% CI = [- 9.78, - 3.70] nmol/L).
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D levels in pediatric CD patients were lower than in healthy controls, and 25(OH)D deficiency was more prevalent in CD patients. We found that 25(OH)D levels were elevated in CD patients after GFD, which is consistent with previous research. Further well-designed, longitudinal, prospective cohort studies focusing on the role of Vitamin D in the pathogenesis of CD are therefore needed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prospective Studies; Celiac Disease; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcitriol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38491474
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04688-0 -
Nutrients Aug 2023The role of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the pathogenesis and outcome of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes and cancers is largely described in the...
The role of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the pathogenesis and outcome of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes and cancers is largely described in the literature. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficit in a cohort of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in comparison to a matched healthy control group and to analyze the possible role of 25(OH)D as a prognostic factor for NENs in terms of biological aggressiveness, tumor progression and survival. From 2009 to 2023, 172 patients with NENs (99 females; median age, 63 years) were included in the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels were defined as deficient if ≤20 ng/mL. The possible associations between 25(OH)D levels and disease grading, staging, ki67%, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were considered. NEN patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels compared to controls ( < 0.001) regardless of the primary origin. Patients with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher ki67 index ( = 0.02) compared to the ones with 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/mL. Patients with disease progression were found to have a significantly lower 25(OH)D at baseline ( = 0.02), whereas PFS and OS were not significantly influenced by 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among NENs and is associated with higher ki67 and disease progression. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring 25(OH)D levels in patients with NENs, as its deficiency appeared to be linked to the worst biological tumor aggressiveness.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ki-67 Antigen; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37686803
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173771 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields-inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system-and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.
Topics: Humans; Dyslipidemias; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cardiovascular Diseases; Lipids
PubMed: 38674837
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081144 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Vitamin D has historically been associated with bone metabolism. However, over the years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating its involvement in various... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has historically been associated with bone metabolism. However, over the years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating its involvement in various physiological processes that may influence the onset of numerous pathologies (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatological diseases, fertility, cancer, diabetes, or a condition of fatigue). This narrative review investigates the current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue and the ways in which vitamin D is implicated in these processes. Scientific studies in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed with a focus on factors that play a role in the genesis of fatigue, where the influence of vitamin D has been clearly demonstrated. The pathogenic factors of fatigue influenced by vitamin D are related to biochemical factors connected to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. A role in the control of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin has also been demonstrated: an imbalance in the relationship between these two neurotransmitters is linked to the genesis of fatigue. Furthermore, vitamin D is implicated in the control of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels. Although it has been demonstrated that hypovitaminosis D is associated with numerous pathological conditions, current data on the outcomes of correcting hypovitaminosis D are conflicting. This suggests that, despite the significant involvement of vitamin D in regulating mechanisms governing fatigue, other factors could also play a role.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Fatigue; Neurotransmitter Agents
PubMed: 38257114
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020221 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global problem, however, there were no Ukrainian guidelines devoted to its screening, prevention, and treatment, which became the reason... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global problem, however, there were no Ukrainian guidelines devoted to its screening, prevention, and treatment, which became the reason for the Consensus creation. This article aimed to present the Consensus of Ukrainian experts devoted to VDD management. Following the creation of the multidisciplinary Consensus group, consent on the formation process, drafting and fine-tuning of key recommendations, and two rounds of voting, 14 final recommendations were successfully voted upon. Despite a recent decrease in VDD prevalence in Ukraine, we recommend raising awareness regarding VDD's importance and improving the strategies for its decline. We recommend screening the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in risk groups while maintaining a target concentration of 75-125 nmol/L (30-50 ng/mL). We recommend prophylactic cholecalciferol supplementation (800-2000 IU/d for youthful healthy subjects, and 3000-5000 IU/d for subjects from the risk groups). For a VDD treatment, we recommend a short-term administration of increased doses of cholecalciferol (4000-10,000 IU/d) with 25(OH)D levels monitored after 4-12 weeks of treatment, followed by the use of maintenance doses. Additionally, we recommend assessing serum 25(OH)D levels before antiosteoporotic treatment and providing vitamin D and calcium supplementation throughout the full course of the antiosteoporotic therapy.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Consensus; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cholecalciferol; Calcifediol; Ethnicity
PubMed: 38257163
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020270 -
Melanoma Research Aug 2023Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest skin cancer, and vitamin D insufficiency has been suggested as a risk factor. We evaluated the relationship between both vitamin... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest skin cancer, and vitamin D insufficiency has been suggested as a risk factor. We evaluated the relationship between both vitamin D insufficiency and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels with the incidence and stage of CM. Five databases were searched from inception until 11 July 2022. Inclusion criteria were cohort and case-control studies that reported mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels or the presence of vitamin D insufficiency in CM patients and compared with healthy controls; or those that reported vitamin D insufficiency and Breslow tumor depth or the development of metastasis in CM. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis. Statistically significant relationships were found between vitamin D level <20 ng/dl and incidence of CM [pooled RR 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.02]; lower mean vitamin D level and Breslow depth >1 mm (SMD 0.19, 95% CI 0.11-0.28); and vitamin D level >20 ng/dl and Breslow depth <1 mm (pooled RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82). Statistical significance was not found in the relationships between vitamin D levels and the presence of metastasis (pooled SMD -0.13, 95% CI, -0.38 to 0.12); or mean vitamin D level and the incidence of CM (pooled SMD -0.39, 95% CI, -0.80 to 0.01). We identified an association of increased incidence of CM and vitamin D insufficiency, as well as less favorable Breslow tumor depth with lower levels of vitamin D and the presence of vitamin D insufficiency.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 37199748
DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000897 -
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... Nov 2023The association between low vitamin D levels and mental illness has been described in earlier research. The aim of our study was to examine the association between...
BACKGROUND
The association between low vitamin D levels and mental illness has been described in earlier research. The aim of our study was to examine the association between vitamin D levels with psychotic symptoms among hospitalized patients.
METHODS
A total of 1,456 patient records from an academic psychiatric hospital were examined. Vitamin D levels were classified as normal (>30 ng/mL); insufficient (20 to 30 ng/mL); and deficient (<20 ng/mL). We then analyzed the association among vitamin D groups and symptoms of psychosis.
RESULTS
The average vitamin D level in our sample was 23.59 ng/mL, with 76.2% of patients presenting with vitamin D levels <30 ng/mL. There was a significant association between vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL and symptoms of psychosis (P < .05). African American patients had lower mean vitamin D levels than White patients (15.6 ± 0.2 ng/mL vs 25.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P < .001). There was no sex difference in vitamin D levels (females: 23.3 ± 11.5 ng/mL; males: 23.9 ± 11.0 ng/mL).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with vitamin D levels <30 ng/mL were 1.5 times more likely to have symptoms of psychosis. Patients who were African American, Hispanic, Asian, or biracial had lower vitamin D levels than patients who were White. Multivariate analysis found that after adjusting for age, sex, and race, the association between vitamin D and psychosis was not statistically significant. Possible explanations could include the known tendency to overdiagnose psychosis among individuals who are African American, referral bias, subgroup effect, or an epiphenomenon.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Black or African American; Inpatients; Psychotic Disorders; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; White
PubMed: 37850995
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0126