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Reproductive Health May 2024Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that was initially known only for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels and maintaining bone health. However, it was later... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that was initially known only for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels and maintaining bone health. However, it was later discovered that many organs express vitamin D metabolizing enzymes and have a ligand for vitamin D, which regulates the expression of an extensive assortment of genes. As a result, vitamin D is indispensable for the proper function of organs, and its deficiency is believed to be a critical factor in symptoms and disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The significance of vitamin D in reproductive tissues was recognized later, and studies have revealed its crucial role in male and female fertility, as well as proper reproductive function during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for infertility, gonadal cancers, pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis. However, data investigating the association between vitamin D levels and reproductive disorders, including endometriosis, have encountered inconsistencies. Therefore, the present study aims to review existing research on the effect of vitamin D on proper reproductive function, and the role of deficiency in reproductive diseases and specifically focuses on endometriosis.
Topics: Humans; Endometriosis; Female; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Infertility, Female
PubMed: 38698459
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01797-y -
Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja Oct 2023This review summarises the most recent data on the clinical significance of vitamin D in adult orthopaedics and traumatology. It covers practical aspects of vitamin D... (Review)
Review
This review summarises the most recent data on the clinical significance of vitamin D in adult orthopaedics and traumatology. It covers practical aspects of vitamin D supplementation, along with their pathophysiological and epidemiological rationale. Special attention is given to the association between low vitamin D status and worse postoperative outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Calcifediol; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Orthopedics; Traumatology; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Adult
PubMed: 38088102
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.9676 -
European Journal of Paediatric... Nov 2023Migraine is a neurologic condition characterized by hypersensitivity to auditory, olfactory, visual, and cutaneous stimuli; vomiting and nausea; and severe headache. It... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Migraine is a neurologic condition characterized by hypersensitivity to auditory, olfactory, visual, and cutaneous stimuli; vomiting and nausea; and severe headache. It is the most frequent headache syndrome in children and can be categorized in chronic and/or episodic. Multiple dietary supplements have been inaugurated for the management of migraine, the most prevalent of which is vitamin D.
BACKGROUND
In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has been a global public health problem, with 30-80% of the worldwide population having vitamin D deficiency. The significant role of vitamin D in neurological disorders is underlined by its key role in the brain function of the central nervous system (CNS). Current approaches in paediatric neurology include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for the treatment of paediatric migraine, among others. Vitamin D is one of the dietary factors that has been linked to migraine, however, this association has mostly been examined in the adult population.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum vitamin D and paediatric migraine by conducting a review of existing literature. The main question is described with the PICO format (population, intervention, control, and outcomes), while the assessment of the present research is under the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION
A systematic review of the literature reveals a remarkable association between vitamin D and migraine presentation in the paediatric population, affecting the frequency and duration of the episodes. That being the case, vitamin D supplementation could potentially improve the quality of life of paediatric patients suffering from migraine headaches.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Vitamin D; Quality of Life; Migraine Disorders; Headache; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37738749
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.09.007 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023Vitamin D supplements are widely used for improving bone health in children and adolescents, but their effects in vitamin D-deficient children are unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone density in vitamin D-deficient children and adolescents: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D supplements are widely used for improving bone health in children and adolescents, but their effects in vitamin D-deficient children are unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine whether the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents differs by baseline vitamin D status and estimate the effect in vitamin D-deficient individuals.
METHODS
This is a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, MBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and ISI Web of Science (until May 27, 2020) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation reporting bone density outcomes after ≥6 mo in healthy individuals aged 1-19 y. We used two-stage IPD meta-analysis to determine treatment effects on total body bone mineral content and BMD at the hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and proximal and distal forearm after 1 y; examine whether effects varied by baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, and estimate treatment effects for each 25(OH)D subgroup.
RESULTS
Eleven RCTs were included. Nine comprising 1439 participants provided IPD (86% females, mean baseline 25(OH)D = 36.3 nmol/L). Vitamin D supplementation had a small overall effect on total hip areal BMD (weighted mean difference = 6.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 12.9 mg/cm; I = 7.2%), but no effects on other outcomes. There was no clear evidence of linear or nonlinear interactions between baseline 25(OH)D and treatment; effects were similar in baseline 25(OH)D subgroups (cutoff of 35 or 50 nmol/L). The evidence was of high certainty.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinically important benefits for bone density from 1-y vitamin D supplementation in healthy children and adolescents, regardless of baseline vitamin D status, are unlikely. However, our findings are mostly generalizable to White postpubertal girls and do not apply to those with baseline 25(OH)D outside the studied range or with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency (e.g., rickets). This study was preregistered at PROSPERO as CRD42017068772. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017068772.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Male; Bone Density; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37661104
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.028 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Oct 2023Shift work is related to several negative impacts on the health of workers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and...
BACKGROUND
Shift work is related to several negative impacts on the health of workers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hyperglycemia in shift workers.
METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Hyperglycemia was classified when fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression, from a model of determination, was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with hyperglycemia.
RESULTS
The study evaluated 1411 workers, most workers were aged 30-39 years (53.2%), and 77.5% self-declared as black, brown, with up to complete high school (71.4%) and working alternate shifts for more than 5 years (76.1%). Regarding glucose and vitamin D, 32.0% and 29.1% of the workers had hyperglycemia and VDD, respectively. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 119% increased chance of hyperglycemia (OR: 2.19; IC95%: 1.56-3.08). Furthermore, vitamin D levels in distribution quintiles showed a dose-response gradient in relation to hyperglycemia, where increased vitamin D values were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hyperglycemia.
CONCLUSION
Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have hyperglycemia.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Hyperglycemia; Vitamin D; Glucose; Vitamins; Circadian Rhythm
PubMed: 37739666
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.031 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the...
Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, the influence of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin D on long COVID symptoms. Over the study period, 50,432 individuals within the catchment area of the outpatient COVID-19 clinic tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR, with 547 patients subsequently referred to a specialized Post-COVID Clinic, and 447 of them enrolled in the study. Patient-reported symptoms and paraclinical measures including vitamin D were evaluated in 442 patients. The majority of participants were female (72%, = 320/442). The consumption of alcohol and number of current smokers were low. Low vitamin D was observed in 26% ( = 115/442) of the patients, most commonly in male participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12, 2.79), = 0.014). Additionally, low vitamin D was correlated with a younger mean age of 41 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12) as opposed to 48 years (SD = 13) in patients with normal vitamin D levels (OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.94, 0.97), < 0.001). While our study population indicated a potentially higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this population compared to the general population, no significant differences in prevalence of symptom or symptom severity scores were observed between the low and normal vitamin D groups. In patients in a Post-COVID Clinic, we found no association between vitamin D levels and long COVID symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Vitamin D; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37998290
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227058 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023In the last few years, vitamin D functions have been studied progressively, and along with their main role in regulating calcium homeostasis, the potential function in... (Review)
Review
In the last few years, vitamin D functions have been studied progressively, and along with their main role in regulating calcium homeostasis, the potential function in the nervous system and the link between different psychiatric disorders and vitamin D deficiency have been revealed. The discovery of vitamin D receptors in multiple brain structures, like the hippocampus, led to the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency could be responsible for treatment resistance in psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the current knowledge in the literature regarding vitamin D deficiency among individuals afflicted with psychiatric disorders and assess the potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D supplementation. A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database for articles published in the last five years (2016-2022) in English, focusing on human subjects. Results show that vitamin D deficiency has implications for numerous psychiatric disorders, affecting mood and behavior through its influence on neurotransmitter release, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotection. It also plays a role in modulating inflammation, which is often elevated in psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and has far-reaching implications for mental health. This review underscores the importance of exploring the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with psychiatric disorders and highlights the need for further research in this complex field.
Topics: Humans; Affect; Brain; Mental Disorders; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38138159
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122056 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Biomarkers; Vitamin D Deficiency; Depression
PubMed: 38443297
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.02.008 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Nov 2023Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in people with coronary heart disease (CHD).
CONTEXT
Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in people with coronary heart disease (CHD).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with the risk of recurrent CV events in individuals with established CHD.
METHODS
A total of 22 571 participants with CHD were included from the UK Biobank. Recurrent CV events, including myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and CV disease mortality, were identified from electronic health records. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS
The median (interquartile range) of serum 25(OH)D concentration was 44.8 nmol/L (range, 30.3-61.4 nmol/L), and 58.6% of participants had 25(OH)D below 50 nmol/L. During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, a total of 3998 recurrent CV events were documented. After multivariable adjustment, there was a nonlinear inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and recurrent CV events (P nonlinearity <.01), and the decreasing risk gradually leveled off at around 50 nmol/L. Compared with participants with serum 25(OH)D less than 25.0 nmol/L, the HRs (95% CIs) for participants with serum 25(OH)D of 50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L were 0.64 (0.58-0.71) for recurrent CV events, 0.78 (0.65-0.94) for MI, 0.66 (0.57-0.76) for HF, and 0.66 (0.52-0.84) for stroke. In addition, these associations were not modified by genetic variants in the VDR.
CONCLUSION
In people with established CHD, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were nonlinearly associated with a lower risk of recurrent CV events, with a potential threshold around 50 nmol/L. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in the prevention of recurrent CV events among individuals with CHD.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Coronary Disease; Myocardial Infarction; Stroke; Vitamins; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37279959
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad339 -
Nutrition Reviews Jan 2024Overactive bladder is treated mainly with behavioral and drug therapy, and symptoms of urinary frequency and incontinence are challenging to eliminate. There is thus a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Overactive bladder is treated mainly with behavioral and drug therapy, and symptoms of urinary frequency and incontinence are challenging to eliminate. There is thus a continuous unmet need for new drugs with a substitution effect mechanism.
OBJECTIVE
It not known whether vitamin D deficiency can lead to overactive bladder or urinary incontinence or whether vitamin D supplementation alleviates bladder symptoms. This comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether overactive bladder is associated with vitamin D deficiency.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically up to July 3, 2022.
DATA EXTRACTION
Initially, 706 articles were identified in the literature search, of which 13 were included in the systematic review: 4 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies.
DATA ANALYSIS
An increased risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence was observed with vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46; 95%CI, 1.03-19.33; P = 0.046 and OR = 1.30; 95%CI, 1.01-1.66; P = 0.036, respectively). Vitamin D levels were relatively low in patients with overactive bladder or urinary incontinence (SMD = -0.33; 95%CI, -0.61 to -0.06, P = 0.019). On the basis of existing data, the risk of urinary incontinence was reduced by 66% after vitamin D supplementation (OR = 0.34; 95%CI, 0.18-0.66; P = 0.001). Egger test was conducted to assess publication bias, and the results were tested for robustness using a sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, and vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of urinary incontinence. The development of new strategies to prevent or alleviate bladder symptoms is crucial. Vitamin D supplementation may be gaining recognition as an effective strategy for prevention or alleviation of bladder symptoms such as overactive bladder and incontinence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022351443.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Urinary Bladder, Overactive; Urinary Incontinence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 37195440
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad049