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Food & Function Jul 2023A large number of observational studies have highlighted the prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in many populations including pregnant women.... (Review)
Review
A large number of observational studies have highlighted the prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in many populations including pregnant women. Vitamin D is well known to have a crucial role in differentiation and proliferation, as well as neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions in the brain. It has been observed that this micronutrient can modulate neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Recent results from animal and epidemiological studies indicated that maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with a wide range of neurobiological diseases including autism, schizophrenia, depression, multiple sclerosis and developmental defects. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency on brain functions and development.
Topics: Animals; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Autistic Disorder; Brain
PubMed: 37350315
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00166k -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Aug 2023Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among various groups in the UK, and can result from insufficient sunlight exposure and dietary intake. There is a population-wide...
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among various groups in the UK, and can result from insufficient sunlight exposure and dietary intake. There is a population-wide recommendation of 10 micrograms (400 international units) of vitamin D per day, with a daily supplement advised. However, supplement use is often suboptimal, compounding the risk of deficiency. Long-term vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia or osteoporosis in adults. Therefore, it is important that nurses recognise which groups are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and understand how to assess people's vitamin D status. Nurses also need to be able to support the prevention and treatment of low vitamin D levels, which typically involves supplementation and lifestyle changes.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Rickets; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37519156
DOI: 10.7748/ns.2023.e12136 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Mar 2024Vitamin D is mainly produced in the skin (cholecalciferol) by sun exposure while a fraction of it is obtained from dietary sources (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D is further... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is mainly produced in the skin (cholecalciferol) by sun exposure while a fraction of it is obtained from dietary sources (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D is further processed to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol) in the liver and kidneys, respectively. Calcitriol is the active form which mediates the actions of vitamin D via vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present ubiquitously. Defect at any level in this pathway leads to vitamin D deficient or resistant rickets. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency is the leading cause of rickets and osteomalacia worldwide and responds well to vitamin D supplementation. Inherited disorders of vitamin D metabolism (vitamin D-dependent rickets, VDDR) account for a small proportion of calcipenic rickets/osteomalacia. Defective 1α hydroxylation of vitamin D, 25 hydroxylation of vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor result in VDDR1A, VDDR1B and VDDR2A, respectively whereas defective binding of vitamin D to vitamin D response element due to overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein and accelerated vitamin D metabolism cause VDDR2B and VDDR3, respectively. Impaired dietary calcium absorption and consequent calcium deficiency increases parathyroid hormone in these disorders resulting in phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia. Hypophosphatemia is a common feature of all these disorders, though not a sine-qua-non and leads to hypomineralisation of the bone and myopathy. Improvement in hypophosphatemia is one of the earliest markers of response to vitamin D supplementation in nutritional rickets/osteomalacia and the lack of such a response should prompt evaluation for inherited forms of rickets/osteomalacia.
Topics: Humans; Calcitriol; Receptors, Calcitriol; Osteomalacia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 38365463
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2024.101876 -
JAMA Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Pellagra; Medicine in the Arts; Portraits as Topic; History, 20th Century; Paintings
PubMed: 38214915
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.27716 -
Archivos de Bronconeumologia Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Hypertension; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38008680
DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.11.006 -
Bone Oct 2023Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by severe skeletal symptoms including mineralization defects, insufficiency fractures, and delayed facture healing or non-unions....
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by severe skeletal symptoms including mineralization defects, insufficiency fractures, and delayed facture healing or non-unions. HPP is caused by mutations of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Zinc is a cofactor of TNSALP and vitamin D an important regulator of bone matrix mineralization. Data from this retrospective study indicates that deficiencies in zinc or vitamin D occur in HPP patients with a similar frequency as in the general population. While guidelines for repletion of these micronutrients have been established for the general population, the transferability of the efficacy and safety of these regiments to HPP patients still needed to be determined. We filtered for variant classification (ACMG 3-5, non-benign) and data completeness from a total cohort of 263 HPP patients. 73.5 % of this sub-cohort were vitamin D deficient while 27.2 % were zinc deficient. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of supplementation according to general guidelines in 10 patients with zinc-deficiency and 38 patients with vitamin d-deficiency. The treatments significantly raised serum zinc or vitamin D levels respectively. All other assessed disease markers (alkaline phosphatase, pyrodoxal-5-phosphate) or bone turnover markers (phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, desoxypyridinoline) remained unchanged. These results highlight that general guidelines for zinc and vitamin D repletion can be successfully applied to HPP patients in order to prevent deficiency symptoms without exacerbating the disease burden or causing adverse effects due to changes in bone and calcium homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Hypophosphatasia; Alkaline Phosphatase; Retrospective Studies; Zinc; Calcium; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Phosphates; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37487860
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116849 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Dec 2023Acute inflammatory or neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anosmia, and hyposmia, sometimes persist for more than 30 days or longer than 12 weeks after...
OBJECTIVES
Acute inflammatory or neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anosmia, and hyposmia, sometimes persist for more than 30 days or longer than 12 weeks after infection with the Omicron variant of SARS‑CoV‑2 (hereafter referred to as COVID-19). The aim of this study was to determine whether detection of zinc concentration or vitamin D concentration could provide treatment benefits for patients with COVID-19, thus reducing the risk of them experiencing long COVID.
METHODS
The interval between the date of COVID-19 diagnosis and the date of visit to pulmonary department for prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 was recorded for statistical analysis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detecting zinc and chemiluminescence immunoassay for detecting vitamin D were performed in laboratory tests.
RESULTS
Fifty-five patients were included. Of the participants, 29.1 % and 27.3 % had vitamin D and zinc deficiency, respectively. On average, the patients underwent long COVID treatment for 31.7 ± 17.7 days. A positive statistical correlation was observed between vitamin D and zinc concentrations (Pearson's correlation = 0.378). Compared with sufficient zinc levels, zinc deficiency was associated with a higher fibrinogen level (p < 0.05). Within 30 days, the observed vitamin D deficiency rate was only 21.4 %; after 30 days, the vitamin D deficiency rate rose to 37.0 % (McNemar's chi-square test; p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Zinc deficiency correlates to acute and persistent inflammation and vitamin D deficiency is associated with delayed recovery in long COVID syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; COVID-19 Testing; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Minerals; Zinc
PubMed: 37566973
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127278 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Mar 2024Metabolic byproducts have conventionally been disregarded as waste products without functions. In this opinion article, we bring to light the multifaceted role of... (Review)
Review
Metabolic byproducts have conventionally been disregarded as waste products without functions. In this opinion article, we bring to light the multifaceted role of methylmalonic acid (MMA), a byproduct of the propionate metabolism pathway mostly commonly known as a clinical biomarker of vitamin B12 deficiency. MMA is normally present at low levels in the body, but increased levels can come from different sources, such as vitamin B12 deficiency, genetic mutations in enzymes related to the propionate pathway, the gut microbiota, and aggressive cancers. Here, we describe the diverse metabolic and signaling functions of MMA and discuss the consequences of increased MMA levels, such as during the aging process, for several age-related human pathologies.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B 12; Methylmalonic Acid; Propionates; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Aging
PubMed: 38030482
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.11.001 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with worse outcome in respiratory tract infections, with conflicting opinions regarding its role in Coronavirus-19 disease...
Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with worse outcome in respiratory tract infections, with conflicting opinions regarding its role in Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Our study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) values and the following conditions in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: prognosis, mortality, invasive (IV) and non-invasive (NIV) mechanical ventilation, and orotracheal intubation (OTI). A further objective was the analysis of a possible positive effect of supplementation with calcifediol on COVID-19 severity and prognosis. We analyzed 288 patients hospitalized at the San Giovanni di Dio Hospital in Florence and the Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital in Siena, from November 2020 to February 2021. The 25OHD levels correlated positively with the partial pressure of oxygen and FiO2 (PaO2/FiO2) ratio (r = 0.17; < 0.05). Furthermore, when we analyzed the patients according to the type of respiratory support, we found that 25OHD levels were markedly reduced in patients who underwent non-invasive ventilation and orotracheal intubation (OTI). The evaluation of the length of hospitalization in our population evidenced a longer duration of hospitalization in patients with severe 25OHD deficiency (<10 ng/mL). Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference in the mortality rate between patients who had 25OHD levels below 10 ng/mL and those with levels above this threshold in the total population (50.8% vs. 25.5%, = 0.005), as well as between patients with 25OHD levels below 20 ng/mL and those with levels above that threshold (38.4% vs. 24.6%, = 0.04). Moreover, COVID-19 patients supplemented with calcifediol presented a significantly reduced length of hospitalization ( < 0.05). Interestingly, when we analyzed the possible effects of calcifediol on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19, we found that the percentage of deaths was significantly higher in patients who did not receive any supplementation than in those who were treated with calcifediol ( < 0.05) In conclusion, we have demonstrated with our study the best prognosis of COVID-19 patients with adequate vitamin D levels and patients treated with calcifediol supplementation.
Topics: Humans; Calcifediol; COVID-19; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37571329
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153392 -
International Wound Journal Oct 2023A meta-analysis investigation to measure the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). A comprehensive literature inspection till... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis investigation to measure the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 1765 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 15 chosen investigations enclosed 2648 individuals with diabetes mellitus in the chosen investigations' starting point, 1413 of them were with DFUs, and 1235 were without DFUs. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the relationship between VDD and DFU by the dichotomous and continuous approaches and a fixed or random model. Individuals with DFUs had significantly lower vitamin D levels (VDL) (MD, -7.14; 95% CI, -8.83 to -5.44, P < 0.001) compared to those without DFU individuals. Individuals with DFUs had a significantly higher number of VDD individuals (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.63-3.16, P < 0.001) compared to those without DFU individuals. Individuals with DFU had significantly lower VDL and a significantly higher number of VDD individuals compared to those without DFU individuals. However, caused of the small sample sizes of several chosen investigations for this meta-analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Diabetes Mellitus; Vitamin D Deficiency; Foot Ulcer
PubMed: 37194326
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14177