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Animal Biotechnology Dec 2023This study was done to investigate the effects of thymol, fumagillin, oxalic acid (Api-Bioxal) and hops extract (Nose-Go) on sp. spore load, the expression of...
This study was done to investigate the effects of thymol, fumagillin, oxalic acid (Api-Bioxal) and hops extract (Nose-Go) on sp. spore load, the expression of vitellogenin () and superoxide-dismutase-1 () genes and mortality of bees infected with . Five healthy colonies were assigned as the negative control, and 25 sp. infected colonies were assigned to five treatment groups including: the positive control: no additive to sirup; fumagillin 26.4 mg/L, thymol 0.1 g/L, Api-Bioxal 0.64 g/L and Nose-Go 5.0 g/L sirup. The reduction in the number of sp. spores in fumagillin, thymol, Api-Bioxal and Nose-Go compared to the positive control was 54, 25, 30 and 58%, respectively. sp. infection in all infected groups increased ( < .05) population compared to the negative control. Nose-Go had a negative effect on lactobacillus population compared to other substances. sp. infection decreased and genes expression in all infected groups compared to the negative control. Fumagillin and Nose-Go increased the expression of gene, and Nose-Go and thymol increased the expression of gene than the positive control. Nose-Go has the potential to treat nosemosis if the necessary lactobacillus population is provided in the gut.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Vitellogenins; Thymol; Nosema; Oxalic Acid; Humulus; Spores, Fungal; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Lactobacillus; Plant Extracts; Cyclohexanes; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 36905146
DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2187409 -
Frontiers in Toxicology 2024Estrogenic chemicals in aquatic environments impact fish reproductive health, with vitellogenin protein levels serving as a crucial biomarker for xenoestrogen exposure....
Estrogenic chemicals in aquatic environments impact fish reproductive health, with vitellogenin protein levels serving as a crucial biomarker for xenoestrogen exposure. Limited knowledge exists on estrogenic effects in tropical environments, prompting an investigation into the influence of environmental estrogens on in Lagos and Epe lagoons. A total of 195 fish samples underwent analysis for vitellogenin protein, sex hormones (testosterone and 17 β-estradiol), and gonad pathology in effluent-receiving areas of the specified lagoons. Gonadal alterations were observed in male and female fish, including empty seminiferous tubules and distorted ovaries. Intersex occurred in 3.81% of Lagos and 3.33% of Epe. Testosterone levels were generally higher in females and males from both lagoons, while E2 levels were higher in females from both lagoons, with Lagos showing higher levels than Epe. Vtg levels were higher in males than females in Lagos samples but showed no significant difference in Epe samples. Contaminant analysis revealed similar trends in metals (Hg, As, Cr) and phthalates (DEHP, DBP, DEP) in both sexes in the Epe population. Multivariate depictions from the PCA showed sex-specific patterns of metal uptake (Cd) in male fishes at the Lagos Lagoon. The positive association between higher pH loadings and metal and DBP levels in sediment at the Lagos lagoon suggests the influence of higher alkalinity in lower bioavailability of contaminants. Endocrine disrupting effects were observed in male and female in Lagos and Epe lagoons populations, with notable differences in hormone and contaminant concentrations between the two lagoon systems. Identification of specific contaminants and their spatial and temporal trends can inform targeted management and remediation efforts to protect and restore these valuable aquatic ecosystems.
PubMed: 38380148
DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1336916 -
Toxics Nov 2023(Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest in East Asia that can cause soybean staygreen syndrome. To date, no insecticides have been registered...
(Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a major soybean pest in East Asia that can cause soybean staygreen syndrome. To date, no insecticides have been registered for the control of in China, and these insects are primarily controlled in the field through the application of broad-spectrum insecticides including lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and emamectin benzoate (EMB). Here, the lethal and sublethal effects of LCT and EMB on were comprehensively evaluated. LCT and EMB were both found to exhibit high levels of toxicity and concentration-dependent repellent effects for . The exposure of third instar nymphs from the F generation to LC concentrations of LCT and EMB resulted in a significant increase in the duration of nymph development and adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), together with reductions in fifth instar nymph and adult body weight, longevity, oviposition days, fecundity, vitellarium length, lateral oviduct diameter, and vitellogenin () gene expression as compared to control treatment. Strikingly, these suppressive effects were transmitted to the F generation, which similarly experienced the prolongation of preadult development and the preoviposition period (TPOP). Relative to control-treated populations, the F generation for these insecticide-treated groups also exhibited significant decreases in population parameter values. Overall, these data offer new insight into the impact that LCT and EMB treatment can have on , providing a valuable foundation for the application of these pesticides in the context of integrated pest management strategies aimed at soybean crop preservation.
PubMed: 38133372
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120971 -
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Aug 2023As an important biogenic amine in invertebrates and corresponding to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in vertebrates, octopamine (OA) regulates diverse physiological...
As an important biogenic amine in invertebrates and corresponding to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in vertebrates, octopamine (OA) regulates diverse physiological and behavioral processes by binding to specific octopamine receptors (OARs) in invertebrates. At present, OARs have been identified and characterized in several insects. However, less is known about the OARs of Laodelphax striatellus, one of the most destructive pests in East Asian rice fields. In the present study, an α-adrenergic-like OAR (LsOA1) from L. striatellus was cloned. LsOA1 has the typical characteristics of G-protein coupled receptors and is clustered with other insect homologs. The transcript level of LsOA1 varied in various stages and tissues, and was highly expressed at the egg stage and in the brain. Silencing of LsOA1 causes a reduction in vitellogenin (LsVg) and vitellogenin receptor (LsVgR) expression. Although LsOA1 interference did not affect the fecundity and survival of L. striatellus, the hatching rate of L. striatellus was significantly reduced, and the hatching period was prolonged. The decrease in the amount of honeydew excreted after silencing LsOA1 indicates that LsOA1 may be involved in regulating the feeding behavior of L. striatellus. In addition, the interference of LsOA1 significantly reduced the expression of capsid protein (CP) and viral RNA3 segment (RNA3) in rice stripe virus (RSV)-viruliferous L. striatellus, but did not affect the vertical transmission rate of RSV. The present study demonstrated that LsOA1 played a crucial role in the physiological and behavioral processes of L. striatellus, which will provide the basis for developing a new target gene for pest control.
Topics: Animals; Adrenergic Agents; Hemiptera; Insecta; Receptors, Biogenic Amine; Tenuivirus; Oryza
PubMed: 37532362
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105509 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Sep 2023This study assesses the accumulation and toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) of polystyrene MPs (1 µm) in Oreochromis...
This study assesses the accumulation and toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) of polystyrene MPs (1 µm) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) for 14 days. The results showed that 1 µm PS-MPs accumulated in the intestine, gills, liver, spleen, muscle, gonad and brain. RBC, Hb and HCT showed a significant decline, while WBC and PLT showed a significant increase after the exposure. Glucose, total protein, A/G ratio, SGOT, SGPT and ALP showed significant increments in 0.1 and 1 mg/L of PS-MPs treated groups. The increase in cortisol level and upregulation of HSP70 gene expression in response to MPs exposure indicate MPs-mediated stress in tilapia. MPs-induced oxidative stress is evident from reduced SOD activity, increased MDA levels and upregulated P53 gene expression. The immune response was enhanced by inducing respiratory burst activity, MPO activity and serum TNF-α and IgM levels. MPs exposure also led to down-regulation of CYP1A gene and decreased AChE activity, GNRH and vitellogenin levels, indicating the toxicity of MPs on the cellular detoxification mechanism, nervous and reproductive systems. The present study highlights the tissue accumulation of PS-MP and its effects on hematological, biochemical, immunological and physiological responses in tilapia with low environmentally relevant concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Microplastics; Plastics; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Tilapia; Polystyrenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37402322
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131916 -
Insect Science Oct 2023Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field. Through gustatory receptors, insects sense nutrients and...
Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field. Through gustatory receptors, insects sense nutrients and regulate their physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether signaling pathways activated by gustatory receptors depend on the concentration of nutrients and whether the difference in signaling pathways directly affects insects' physiological functions. Herein, we found that a sugar gustatory receptor, NlGr11, from the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, activated G protein-coupled signaling and ionotropic pathways when bound to high galactose concentration. BPHs subsequently demonstrated longer feeding times, feeding loads, and higher vitellogenin (NlVg) expression than BPHs exposed to high galactose concentrations, which only activated the ionotropic pathway. For the first time, our findings link plant nutrient conditions, signaling pathways activated by nutrients, and their gustatory receptors, and nutrient dose-dependent feeding efficacy and vitellogenin (Vg) expression in an insect. This will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism for insect feeding strategies on plants at different stages of nutritional conditions.
PubMed: 36620934
DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13173 -
Poultry Science Dec 2023Jatropha is a large, multipurpose, drought-tolerant plant with many traits and great potential as a biofuel crop. It originates from Central America but is now...
Jatropha is a large, multipurpose, drought-tolerant plant with many traits and great potential as a biofuel crop. It originates from Central America but is now distributed throughout the tropics, including Africa and Asia. The study determines whether the dietary inclusion of raw Jatropha cucas meal (RJM, 3.5%) had negative impacts on the reproductive and productive performances of male Japanese quail as well as whether these impacts could be mitigated by heating the jatropha meal at 100°C for 24 or 48 h (JH or JH respectively). One hundred twenty healthy mature male quails at the age of 12 wk were assigned randomly to 4 treatments. Every treatment had 6 replicates, with 5 birds per replicate. The RJM caused a considerable decline in fertility and a high mortality rate in quail, whereas heat-treated jatropha meal (JH or JH) decreased these unwanted effects. The RJM significantly increased triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while reducing total protein and albumin. These values returned to normal in the JH and JH groups. The RJM significantly reduced the testosterone and increased estradiol and hepatic content of vitellogenin (Vtg) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) while they were normal in JH group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the reduced glutathione (GSH) content in testicular tissues were significantly reduced in the RJM group when compared to control. Protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were significantly increased in the RJM group when compared to control. Heating of JM for 48 h reduced the 8-OHdG and MDA levels toward the control level better than JH24 and restored PC to normal. Based on the obtained results, The toxic components in JM could be eliminated through heat treatment, and extending the treatment duration to 48 h is recommended for transforming the potentially harmful jatropha meal into an alternative protein source for livestock nutrition.
Topics: Animals; Quail; Coturnix; Jatropha; Hot Temperature; Chickens; Diet; Antioxidants; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37801915
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103072 -
Trends in Genetics : TIG Jun 2024Genetic adaptations of organisms living in extreme environments are fundamental to our understanding of where life can evolve. Water is the single limiting parameter in... (Review)
Review
Genetic adaptations of organisms living in extreme environments are fundamental to our understanding of where life can evolve. Water is the single limiting parameter in this regard, yet when released in the oceans, the single-celled eggs of marine bony fishes (teleosts) have no means of acquiring it. They are strongly hyposmotic to seawater and lack osmoregulatory systems. Paradoxically, modern teleosts successfully release vast quantities of eggs in the extreme saline environment and recorded the most explosive radiation in vertebrate history. Here, we highlight key genetic adaptations that evolved to solve this paradox by filling the pre-ovulated eggs with water. The degree of water acquisition is uniquely prevalent to marine teleosts, permitting the survival and oceanic dispersal of their eggs.
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Adaptation, Physiological; Ovum; Oceans and Seas; Seawater; Biological Evolution; Osmoregulation
PubMed: 38395683
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.01.004 -
Zoological Letters Oct 2023Tissue-specific endopolyploidy is widespread among plants and animals and its role in organ development and function has long been investigated. In insects, the fat body...
Tissue-specific endopolyploidy is widespread among plants and animals and its role in organ development and function has long been investigated. In insects, the fat body cells of sexually mature females produce substantial amounts of egg yolk precursor proteins (vitellogenins) and exhibit high polyploid levels, which is considered crucial for boosting egg production. Termites are social insects with a reproductive division of labor, and the fat bodies of mature termite queens exhibit higher ploidy levels than those of other females. The fat bodies of mature termite queens are known to be histologically and cytologically specialized in protein synthesis. However, the relationship between such modifications and polyploidization remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship among cell type, queen maturation, and ploidy levels in the fat body of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. We first confirmed that the termite fat body consists of two types of cells, that is, adipocytes, metabolically active cells, and urocytes, urate-storing cells. Our ploidy analysis using flow cytometry has shown that the fat bodies of actively reproducing queens had more polyploid cells than those of newly emerged and pre-reproductive queens, regardless of the queen phenotype (adult or neotenic type). Using image-based analysis, we found that not urocytes, but adipocytes became polyploid during queen differentiation and subsequent sexual maturation. These results suggest that polyploidization in the termite queen fat body is associated with sexual maturation and is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Our study findings have provided novel insights into the development of insect fat bodies and provide a basis for future studies to understand the functional importance of polyploidy in the fat bodies of termite queens.
PubMed: 37821917
DOI: 10.1186/s40851-023-00217-6 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2023The production of egg yolk powder often involves critical processes such as pasteurization and spray drying, however, these thermal processes will inevitably affect the...
The production of egg yolk powder often involves critical processes such as pasteurization and spray drying, however, these thermal processes will inevitably affect the functional properties of egg yolk (especially gelation and emulsification). The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the effect of pasteurized egg yolk (P-EY) and spray-dried egg yolk (SD-EY) on the functional properties through quantitative N-glycoproteomic. The results showed, compared with fresh egg yolk (F-EY), emulsifying property of mild heat-treated P-EY was slightly reduced while the gelation property did not undergo significant changes, whereas emulsifying activity (EAI) and gelation strength of vigorously heat-treated SD-EY were significantly reduced by 48.72 % and 35.73 %, respectively. During thermal processing in SD-EY, larger aggregate particles (particle size ∼10 um) were formed, and the surface hydrophobicity was reduced (93.0 %) and the zeta potential was enhanced (62.8 %). The results of quantitative N-glycoproteomic showed that 13 N-glycosylated proteins (APOB, vitellogenin, etc.) were down-regulated while only 2 N-glycosylated proteins were up-regulated; 21 N-glycosylation sites were down-regulated and 2 N-glycosylation sites were up-regulated in SD-EY, suggesting that covalent cross-linking of protein N-glycoproteins may have occurred in the process of spray-drying, which altered molecular physicochemical characteristics of the yolk solution that further affecting the processing properties of egg yolk.
Topics: Egg Yolk; Powders; Eggs; Glycosylation; Glycoproteins
PubMed: 37981370
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113678