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Pain Physician Oct 2023There have been no recent meta-analysis studies on specific psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) according to the type of primary headache disorder in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Associations Between Headache (Migraine and Tension-Type Headache) and Psychological Symptoms (Depression and Anxiety) in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
There have been no recent meta-analysis studies on specific psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) according to the type of primary headache disorder in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
We performed a meta-analysis of various psychodiagnostic scales. Psychological symptoms of primary headache disorders have been reported in previous studies.
STUDY DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We conducted systematic reviews using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases up to October 19, 2022. Ten studies were selected by applying the inclusion criteria. The psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) of children and adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) were compared with those of healthy controls using scale scores. All statistical analyses of the pooled data were performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
Psychodiagnostic tools to assess depression scored higher in patients with migraine than in healthy controls; however, most anxiety-related scores were not significantly different between the migraine and control groups. In contrast, anxiety-related scores were higher in patients with TTH than in healthy controls, but the score to measure the degree of depressive symptoms was not significantly different from the control group in patients with TTH.
LIMITATIONS
A limited number of studies for each scale were included. In addition, each scale has different sensitivities and specificities, which may have affected the results. In addition, we did not evaluate the differences in psychological symptoms according to the frequency and severity of headaches.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression is more associated with migraine; whereas, anxiety is more associated with TTH than healthy controls. Therefore, the screening and assessment of psychological symptoms should be performed in children and adolescents with primary headache disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Tension-Type Headache; Depression; Headache; Anxiety; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 37847915
DOI: No ID Found -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2023Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with anxiety and depression, but the magnitude and directionality of risk remains uncertain. This study quantifies the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with anxiety and depression, but the magnitude and directionality of risk remains uncertain. This study quantifies the risk of anxiety or depression following a diagnosis of IBD, and the risk of IBD in individuals with anxiety or depression, using population representative data.
METHOD
We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and Embase and included unselected cohort studies reporting risk of anxiety or depression in patients with IBD or risk of IBD in patients with anxiety or depression. We undertook Random Effect Model meta-analysis to calculate pooled Hazard Ratios (HR) for the risk of anxiety and depression in IBD and subgroup meta-analysis to calculate risk by IBD subtype and in pediatric-onset IBD.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included; seven of which examined incidence of anxiety or depression among a total of >150,000 IBD patients. Meta-analysis showed an increased risk of both anxiety (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.29-1.70) and depression (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.35-1.78) following IBD diagnosis. Two studies investigating >400,000 individuals with depression showed a 2-fold increased risk of IBD.
CONCLUSIONS
The bidirectional association between IBD and anxiety and depression is clinically relevant and could indicate shared or mutually dependent disease mechanisms.
Topics: Child; Humans; Depression; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 37172544
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.05.002 -
Cureus Sep 2023It is well established that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significantly higher rates of social anxiety, given that most autistic individuals experience... (Review)
Review
It is well established that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significantly higher rates of social anxiety, given that most autistic individuals experience socio-communication impairments, a deficit in social competence, and their experience in social engagement situations often leads to discomfort in social settings. Literature also finds that individuals on the spectrum are often at a higher risk of developing social anxiety, which is often misinterpreted as social anxiety disorder (SAD) leading to delays in the clinical diagnosis of ASD. Hence, an improved understanding of specific factors that put ASD individuals at risk of developing social anxiety will aid research to differentiate between social anxiety among individuals with ASD compared to non-ASD individuals facing social anxiety in general. This systematic review study focuses on empirical literature that provides evidence for reasons contributing to social anxiety among individuals with ASD. Following the systematic review methodology, the study evaluates 10 research papers. The results revealed several correlations that can be useful in helping explain why individuals with ASD are at a higher risk of developing SAD. Individuals with ASD often suffer severe social anxiety because they struggle to understand social cues, maintain eye contact, interpret non-verbal cues like facial expressions or body language, or participate in reciprocal conversation. Other cognitive factors include a preference toward predictable situations, intolerance for uncertainty, and a tendency toward rigid thinking patterns. Unpredictability in social settings often heightens anxiety levels in ASD individuals, making them avoid such situations. Other risk factors include emotional recognition impairments and reduced social competence. These findings serve as a guide to developing better intervention strategies to help individuals with ASD to overcome social anxiety.
PubMed: 37809175
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44841 -
Psychological Medicine Dec 2023People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a transdiagnostic construct, and it is unclear whether it manifests itself similarly in other conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD), or has specific features in BD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis explored ED and adopted emotion regulation (ER) strategies in BD compared with other psychiatric conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to April 28th, 2022. Studies implementing validated instruments assessing ED or ER strategies in BD and other psychiatric disorders were reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies yielding multiple comparisons were included. BD was compared to MDD in 20 studies ( = 2451), to BPD in six studies ( = 1001), to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in three studies ( = 232), to anxiety disorders in two studies ( = 320), to schizophrenia in one study ( = 223), and to post-traumatic stress disorder in one study ( = 31). BD patients did not differ from MDD patients in adopting most adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. However, small-to-moderate differences in positive rumination and risk-taking behaviors were observed. In contrast, patients with BPD presented an overall higher degree of ED and more maladaptive ER strategies. There were insufficient data for a meta-analytic comparison with other psychiatric disorders. The present report further supports the idea that ED is a transdiagnostic construct spanning a continuum across different psychiatric disorders, outlining specific clinical features that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotional Regulation; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Borderline Personality Disorder; Emotions
PubMed: 37842774
DOI: 10.1017/S003329172300243X -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Dec 2023The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the impact and spread of mental illness and made health services difficult to access; therefore, there is a need for remote,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the impact and spread of mental illness and made health services difficult to access; therefore, there is a need for remote, pervasive forms of mental health monitoring. Digital phenotyping is a new approach that uses measures extracted from spontaneous interactions with smartphones (eg, screen touches or movements) or other digital devices as markers of mental status.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using digital phenotyping for predicting relapse or exacerbation of symptoms in patients with mental disorders through a systematic review of the scientific literature.
METHODS
Our research was carried out using 2 bibliographic databases (PubMed and Scopus) by searching articles published up to January 2023. By following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, we started from an initial pool of 1150 scientific papers and screened and extracted a final sample of 29 papers, including studies concerning clinical populations in the field of mental health, which were aimed at predicting relapse or exacerbation of symptoms. The systematic review has been registered on the web registry Open Science Framework.
RESULTS
We divided the results into 4 groups according to mental disorder: schizophrenia (9/29, 31%), mood disorders (15/29, 52%), anxiety disorders (4/29, 14%), and substance use disorder (1/29, 3%). The results for the first 3 groups showed that several features (ie, mobility, location, phone use, call log, heart rate, sleep, head movements, facial and vocal characteristics, sociability, social rhythms, conversations, number of steps, screen on or screen off status, SMS text message logs, peripheral skin temperature, electrodermal activity, light exposure, and physical activity), extracted from data collected via the smartphone and wearable wristbands, can be used to create digital phenotypes that could support gold-standard assessment and could be used to predict relapse or symptom exacerbations.
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, as the data were consistent for almost all the mental disorders considered (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia), the feasibility of this approach was confirmed. In the future, a new model of health care management using digital devices should be integrated with the digital phenotyping approach and tailored mobile interventions (managing crises during relapse or exacerbation).
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mood Disorders; Pandemics; Recurrence; Smartphone
PubMed: 38090800
DOI: 10.2196/46778 -
Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review.JMIR Mental Health Feb 2024Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects occupational and social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can provide... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects occupational and social functioning. Virtual reality (VR) therapies can provide effective treatment for people with SAD. However, with rapid innovations in immersive VR technology, more contemporary research is required to examine the effectiveness and concomitant user experience outcomes (ie, safety, usability, acceptability, and attrition) of emerging VR interventions for SAD.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness and user experience of contemporary VR interventions among people with SAD.
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, Emcare, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between January 1, 2012, and April 26, 2022. Deduplicated search results were screened based on title and abstract information. Full-text examination was conducted on 71 articles. Studies of all designs and comparator groups were included if they appraised the effectiveness and user experience outcomes of any immersive VR intervention among people with SAD. A standardized coding sheet was used to extract data on key participant, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design items.
RESULTS
The findings were tabulated and discussed using a narrative synthesis. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings showed that VR exposure therapy-based interventions can generally provide effective, safe, usable, and acceptable treatments for adults with SAD. The average attrition rate from VR treatment was low (11.36%) despite some reported user experience difficulties, including potential simulator sickness, exposure-based emotional distress, and problems with managing treatment delivered in a synchronous group setting. This review also revealed several research gaps, including a lack of VR treatment studies on children and adolescents with SAD as well as a paucity of standardized assessments of VR user experience interactions. More studies are required to address these issues.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022353891; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=353891.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Databases, Factual; Emotions; Evidence Gaps; Phobia, Social
PubMed: 38329804
DOI: 10.2196/48916 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023In recent years, it has been described that the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a transcendental role in several pathologies. In this sense, the importance...
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, it has been described that the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a transcendental role in several pathologies. In this sense, the importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, with a bidirectional communication, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the gut microbiota has been linked with mood disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders.
METHODS
A systematic review of two databases - PubMed and Scopus - was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. We included original studies in humans with a control group published in the last 11 years, which were assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) to confirm their quality. Eighteen articles met all the selection criteria.
RESULTS
A review of the articles revealed an association between psychiatric disorders and different bacterial phyla. The studies we have reviewed have demonstrated differences between subjects with psychiatric disorders and controls and highlight a clear relationship between depression, stress, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), psychotic episodes, eating disorders, anxiety and brain function and the gut microbiota composition.
CONCLUSION
A reduction of fermentative taxa has been observed in different psychiatric disorders, resulting in a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa, both of which may be consequences of the exacerbation of these pathologies.
PubMed: 37599717
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215674 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Dec 2023Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Virtual reality (VR) treatment approaches have increasingly been studied. Before clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Virtual reality (VR) treatment approaches have increasingly been studied. Before clinical implementation, it is necessary to evaluate the treatment effect of VR applications. The objective is to evaluate the treatment effect of virtual reality applications in the treatment of anxiety disorders compared to conventional therapy.
METHODS
A systematic literature review with meta-analysis was conducted. Four databases were used to identify randomized controlled trials published between April 2011 and April 2021 which compare VR applications with non-VR interventions or waiting lists. Study characteristics, pre- and post-treatment data were extracted. Hedges g was calculated as effect size. Primary outcome was anxiety symptoms.
RESULTS
Data from 17 studies from 827 participants was extracted. The studies examined specific phobia (n = 9), social anxiety disorder (n = 4), agoraphobia (n = 2) and panic disorder (n = 2). 16 out of 17 studies used head-mounted displays as VR application. A non-significant effect size with significant heterogeneity was observed in favor of the use of VR applications in anxiety symptoms (g, 0.33; 95%-CI, -0.20-0.87). Compared to passive control groups, VR applications are associated significant with lower anxiety symptoms (g, 1.29; 95%-CI, 0.68-1.90).
LIMITATIONS
The study and patient characteristics varied between the individual studies which is reflected in a high statistical heterogeneity of the effect sizes.
CONCLUSIONS
The added value of VR applications over waiting-list or psychoeducation only control groups is obvious. VR applications can be used as part of the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when conventional therapy is unavailable.
Topics: Humans; Anxiety Disorders; Phobic Disorders; Phobia, Social; Anxiety; Virtual Reality; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37453405
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101893 -
Biomedicines Aug 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis examines how pulmonary rehabilitation impacts in patients suffering from subacute and long COVID-19 infections, gauging... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines how pulmonary rehabilitation impacts in patients suffering from subacute and long COVID-19 infections, gauging enhancements in of dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, psychological state (anxiety and depression), and fatigue.
METHODS
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for full-text articles published from inception to January 2023. Randomized, quasi-experimental, and observational studies were included, with adults diagnosed with subacute or long COVID-19 who received pulmonary rehabilitation as intervention. Outcomes related to dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, fatigue, and psychological status were included. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials and Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of intervention. The review was registered before starting in PROSPERO (CRD: 42022373075).
RESULTS
Thirty-four studies were included, involving 1970 patients with subacute and long COVID-19. The meta-analysis demonstrated moderate to large effects on dyspnea, physical function, quality of life, and depressive symptoms compared to usual care intervention. No significant differences were found in fatigue compared to usual care, nor in anxiety levels after pulmonary rehabilitation intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary rehabilitation has the potential to improve health outcomes in patients with subacute and long COVID-19. However, due to the high risk of bias of included studies, conclusions should be taken with caution.
PubMed: 37626710
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082213 -
Cureus Dec 2023Psychotherapy has many forms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness therapy (MFT), and hypnotherapy, to name a few. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the... (Review)
Review
Psychotherapy has many forms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness therapy (MFT), and hypnotherapy, to name a few. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard in therapy-based treatment and is used for cognitive restructuring to reduce safety-seeking and avoidant behaviors. While the main application of psychotherapy is psychological disorders, recent studies have found that it is beneficial for somatic and physiological symptoms such as chronic pain or even irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Irritable bowel syndrome is a common but debilitating gastrointestinal condition that has a prevalence of 12% in the United States and costs the average patient $9,776 annually in 2023. Irritatable bowel syndrome is a condition of exclusion but consists of abdominal discomfort or pain and must be associated with altered bowel habits as stated in the Rome IV criteria. At least half of these patients also exhibit extracolonic symptoms, most commonly psychological disorders like anxiety and stress. The true etiology of IBS is not understood, but ideas such as the brain-gut axis, stress response system, and gut microbiota have been evaluated. Treatment of IBS is extensive and heavily relies on the patient-physician interaction, but pharmacologic therapies have been employed and are sometimes unsuccessful. Irritable bowel syndrome impacts an individual as a whole, making them hesitate whether or not they eat a particular food or even go out to do an activity because of the unpredictable bowel pattern. Finding a better solution is essential to improving the patient's quality of life (QoL), especially by addressing how they perceive the illness, how they adjust to it, and even how they determine what foods to consume. This paper aims to evaluate whether or not psychotherapy can be employed to improve all aspects of IBS, as well as if it can reduce the cost of IBS treatment.
PubMed: 38259396
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51003