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Brain Sciences Feb 2024Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing public health concern, with rising prevalence and significant impact on individuals across age groups. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a growing public health concern, with rising prevalence and significant impact on individuals across age groups. This systematic review examines 24 studies investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for CUD among adolescents (up to 17), young adults (18-24), and older adults (25-65). Database searches were conducted for randomized controlled trials of CUD interventions reporting outcomes such as cannabis use, abstinence, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment retention. For adolescents, interventions such as contingent rewards and family engagement have shown promise, while young adults benefit from technology-based platforms and peer support. In older adults, pharmacological adjuncts combined with counseling have shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes. However, optimal treatment combinations remain uncertain, highlighting the need for further research. Addressing CUD requires tailored interventions that acknowledge developmental stages and challenges across the lifespan. Although promising interventions exist, further comparative effectiveness research is needed to delineate the most efficacious approaches.
PubMed: 38539616
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14030227 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024School refusal is considered a risk factor for academic, social, and personal situations, such as school dropouts. Studies have been carried out on school refusal for...
School refusal is considered a risk factor for academic, social, and personal situations, such as school dropouts. Studies have been carried out on school refusal for almost 50 years. However, general research trends have not been mapped yet. This study summarizes the bibliometric analysis of scientific collaborations and prevalence across locations by country and institution, leading researchers, journals, and trends (keywords) in school refusal research. The United States, Japan, Spain, and England are the countries that stand out in terms of school refusal. It can be said that the Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, and Frontiers in Psychology are important journals that publish on school refusal. Researchers named Christopher A. Kearney, Carolina Gonzálvez, Jose Manuel Garcia-Fernandez, David A. Heyne, and Brigit M. Van Widenfelt have been found to have more intensive studies and collaborations on school refusal. The authors keywords common use for school refusal; are truancy, school absenteeism, adolescence, school attendance, school phobia, autism spectrum disorder, and bullying. The findings show that school refusal is a current research area, and scientific collaborations continue to be established. The findings reveal all the details of the school refusal research.
PubMed: 38410402
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1265781 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Apr 2024The current research examines potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) faced by healthcare professionals working in forensic and psychiatric environments. A... (Review)
Review
The current research examines potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) faced by healthcare professionals working in forensic and psychiatric environments. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles reporting on sources of moral injury or similar concepts (e.g., moral distress) for healthcare workers in such settings. Thirty articles were included and analyzed using a meta-ethnographic approach. Synthesis yielded three third-order factors, each reflecting a moral dichotomy: (a) "between profession and system," (b) "between relations with patients and relations with others," and (c) "between principles and practices." Findings illustrated the hierarchical relationships between dichotomies, with discordance between values of the healthcare profession and features of the healthcare system providing the conditions for PMIEs to occur. The review advances conceptual understandings of PMIEs in forensic and psychiatric settings, illustrating the multilayered dimensions within which morally injurious events are experienced. Theoretical and practical implications are offered that may support the early detection and prevention of moral injury in healthcare professionals.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37083056
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231167390 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Chronic pain frequently co-occurs with clinically relevant psychological distress. A systematic review was conducted to identify the efficacy of cognitive behavioral...
OBJECTIVE
Chronic pain frequently co-occurs with clinically relevant psychological distress. A systematic review was conducted to identify the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions for patients with these comorbid conditions.
METHODS
The systematic search was carried out in Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to March 18th, 2023. Four reviewers independently conducted screenings, extraction, and quality assessment.
RESULTS
Twelve randomized controlled trials and one non-randomized controlled trial involving 1,661 participants that examined the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (nine studies), Mindfulness-based Interventions (three studies), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (one study), and Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression (one study) were included. Compared to treatment as usual, six out of eight studies of traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy reported significant differences in the reduction of depressive symptoms at post-treatment ( from 1.31 to 0.18) and four out of six at follow-up ( from 0.75 to 0.26); similarly, five out of six reported significant differences in the reduction of anxiety symptoms at post-treatment ( from 1.08 to 0.19) and three out of four at follow-up ( from 1.07 to 0.27). Overall, no significant differences between traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and treatment as usual were reported at post-treatment and follow-up in the studies exploring pain intensity and pain catastrophizing.
CONCLUSION
The available evidence suggests that traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy may produce significant benefits for the improvement of depression, anxiety, and quality of life, but not for pain intensity and pain catastrophizing. More evidence is needed to determine the effects of MBI, ACT, and BATD.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42021219921.
PubMed: 38187407
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200685 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jun 2024Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have a high rate of co-occurring reading difficulties. The current study aims to (i) examine which factors within the... (Review)
Review
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have a high rate of co-occurring reading difficulties. The current study aims to (i) examine which factors within the Active View of Reading (AVR; Duke & Cartwright, 2021) apply to individuals with DLD and (ii) investigate other possible factors that relate to reading comprehension ability in individuals with DLD, outside the components in the AVR. Electronic database search and journal hand-search yielded 5058 studies published before March 2022 related to reading comprehension in children with DLD. 4802 articles were excluded during abstract screening, yielding 256 studies eligible for full-text review. Following full-text review, 44 studies were included and further coded for demographics, language of assessment, description of reported disabilities, behavioral assessment, and reading comprehension assessment. While the results aligned with the AVR model, three additional factors were identified as significantly relating to reading comprehension abilities in children with DLD: expressive language (oral and written), question types of reading assessment, and language disorder history. Specifically, expressive language was positively associated with reading comprehension ability, while resolved DLD showed higher reading comprehension abilities than persistent DLD. Furthermore, children with DLD may face additional difficulties in comprehending inference-based questions. This study provides factors for researchers, educators, and clinical professionals to consider when evaluating the reading comprehension of individuals with DLD. Future research should further explore the relative importance of factors of the AVR to reading comprehension outcomes throughout development.
Topics: Humans; Comprehension; Language Development Disorders; Reading; Child; Dyslexia
PubMed: 38663332
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104731 -
Psychological Medicine Aug 2023The benefits of peer support interventions (PSIs) for individuals with mental illness are not well known. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The benefits of peer support interventions (PSIs) for individuals with mental illness are not well known. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of PSIs for individuals with mental illness for clinical, personal, and functional recovery outcomes.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO (December 18, 2020). Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing peer-delivered PSIs to control conditions. The quality of records was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Data were pooled for each outcome, using random-effects models.
RESULTS
After screening 3455 records, 30 RCTs were included in the systematic review and 28 were meta-analyzed (4152 individuals). Compared to control conditions, peer support was associated with small but significant post-test effect sizes for , = 0.19, 95% CI (0.11-0.27), = 10%, 95% CI (0-44), and = 0.15, 95% CI (0.04-0.27), = 43%, 95% CI (1-67), but not for , = 0.08, 95% CI (-0.02 to 0.18), = 36%, 95% CI (0-61). Our findings should be considered with caution due to the modest quality of the included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
PSIs may be effective for the clinical and personal recovery of mental illness. Effects are modest, though consistent, suggesting potential efficacy for PSI across a wide range of mental disorders and intervention types.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Counseling
PubMed: 36066104
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291722002422 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem.
BACKGROUND
The growth of the prison population and the high recidivism rates of inmates represent a major public safety problem.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review explored executive functions in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared with inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and healthy controls (HCs).
METHODS
Systematic searches were carried out using five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase) until March 6th, 2023. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, two reviewers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of the 8 studies included. The protocol of this study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under registration number CRD42021252043.
RESULTS
Consistently, inmates convicted of violent behavior exhibited a greater alteration in inhibition than inmates convicted of non-violent behavior (four out of four studies) and HCs (two out of two studies). In addition, inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in cognitive flexibility (two out of three studies) and working memory (two out of three studies) than HCs. Although with limited evidence (only one study), they also showed worse performance in set shifting and planning than HCs.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence of alterations in inhibition in inmates convicted of violent behavior compared to inmates convicted of non-violent behavior and HCs. Even though inmates convicted of violent behavior showed greater impairments in planning and set shifting than HCs, these findings were supported in only one study. In general, more robust evidence is needed to confirm alterations in inmates convicted due to violent behavior. These findings highlight the importance of designing and promoting specific cognitive interventions that contribute to the reintegration of inmates into society.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021252043, identifier CRD42021252043.
PubMed: 37663323
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1066474 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Aug 2023Suboptimal adherence to inhaled corticosteroid in asthma is a worryingly prevalent yet modifiable factor in uncontrolled disease. Several objective measures of adherence...
BACKGROUND
Suboptimal adherence to inhaled corticosteroid in asthma is a worryingly prevalent yet modifiable factor in uncontrolled disease. Several objective measures of adherence exist, but they are time-consuming. The use of patient-reported adherence measures (PRAMs) could therefore offer a time-efficient pragmatic approach to assessing adherence in clinical practice and potentially the appropriate interventions to improve it.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the PRAMs available for asthma and assess their psychometric quality, accessibility, and usefulness in clinical practice, as well as to provide recommendations for clinicians based on these findings.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of six databases. Articles included in this study were English language, full-text, original, asthma-specific PRAMs or development/validation studies of a generic PRAM that had been administered to adults with asthma, investigated inhaled corticosteroid adherence in adults (aged 18 years and older), and assessed at least one COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments measurement property.
RESULTS
We included 15 PRAM developmental and/or validation studies in this systematic review. Studies evaluated a range of COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments measurement properties, but none evaluated all of them.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this review, we recommend that when a PRAM is used, it should be the Test of the Adherence to Inhalers. However, the Adherence Starts with Knowledge-20 and Adherence Starts with Knowledge-12 may also be useful. Our results highlight the need for PRAM developers to assess questionnaires robustly and provide guidance for clinicians regarding how to act on PRAM answers by developing materials such as decision support tool kits.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Asthma; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Psychometrics; Patient Reported Outcome Measures
PubMed: 36997118
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.034 -
Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik,... Dec 2023A robust body of international evidence documents that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other youth with diverse sexual orientations and/or gender identities... (Review)
Review
A robust body of international evidence documents that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other youth with diverse sexual orientations and/or gender identities (i.e., sexual and gender minority youth) face unique mental health vulnerabilities but are also equipped with unique resources. However, it is unclear to what extent these findings are applicable to sexual and gender minority youth in Austria, because the sociolegal and developmental contexts differ across countries. According to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic scoping review (1) to identify published studies on the mental health of sexual and gender minority youth in Austria, and, based on this, (2) to derive research recommendations supplemented by international evidence. We searched five scientific databases (PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; March 2022) and additionally contacted researchers and community leaders to find pertinent studies. Only two published empirical studies on the mental health of sexual and gender minority youth in Austria could be located, reflecting the sparse state of research in Austria. Against this background, we outline a detailed research agenda following a socio-ecological approach. Including sexual orientation and non-binary gender identities in population-based studies to assess onset, prevalence, and trajectory of mental health burdens, as well as conducting targeted, resource-based, and developmentally sensitive research on all levels seem paramount to reduce health disparities and societal stigma and to support sexual and gender minority youth in their development.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Mental Health; Austria; Sexual Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Social Stigma
PubMed: 36316573
DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00436-x -
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Apr 2024The First 1000 Days (the period from conception to a child's second birthday) is an important developmental period. However, little is known about experiences of parents... (Review)
Review
The First 1000 Days (the period from conception to a child's second birthday) is an important developmental period. However, little is known about experiences of parents with refugee and migrant backgrounds during this period. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Publications were identified through searches of the Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases, critically appraised, and synthesised using thematic analysis. A total of 35 papers met inclusion criteria. Depressive symptomatology was consistently higher than global averages, however maternal depression conceptualisations differed across studies. Several papers reported changes in relationship dynamics as a result of having a baby post-migration. Consistent relationships were found between social and health support and wellbeing. Conceptualisations of wellbeing may differ among migrant families. Limited understanding of health services and relationships with health providers may impede help-seeking. Several research gaps were identified, particularly in relation to the wellbeing of fathers, and of parents of children over 12 months old.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Refugees; Transients and Migrants; Protective Factors; Parents; Middle East
PubMed: 37410193
DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01510-4