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Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2023Dietary therapy may potentially reduce inflammation and promote mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease and is associated with fewer side effects and lower cost... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dietary therapy may potentially reduce inflammation and promote mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease and is associated with fewer side effects and lower cost compared to medical therapy. Recently the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) has been developed to reduce exposure to individualized dietary components which negatively affect the intestine in patients with Crohn's disease.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to explore the effectiveness of CDED in Crohn's disease patients.
DESIGN
A systematic review.
DATA SOURCES AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed on the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, OVID, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL to identify relevant clinical trials published from 1 January 2014 to 31 August 2022.
RESULTS
A total of 1120 studies were identified and 7 studies were finally included in the analysis. The study was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggested that the use of CDED seemed to be effective for induction and maintenance of remission in children and adults with mild to moderate Crohn's disease. However, heterogeneity and limitations existed among the studies included. Further investigation in the form of well-designed randomized clinical trials is needed to validate the present findings.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number CRD42022335453.
PubMed: 37655057
DOI: 10.1177/17562848231184056 -
Cureus Aug 2023Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated condition characterized by inflammation and eosinophilic accumulation of the esophagus, resulting in... (Review)
Review
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated condition characterized by inflammation and eosinophilic accumulation of the esophagus, resulting in dysphagia and food impaction. While the exact etiology of EoE remains unclear, it is believed to be triggered by food allergens and dynamic environmental factors, resulting in various clinical manifestations, from inflammation to fibrosis. Although clinical presentation varies with age, the number of eosinophils in esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard. While diet elimination, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), topical corticosteroids, and biological therapy are promising treatment options for EoE, there are insufficient data to determine the optimal therapeutic treatment approach. Combination therapies - the use of dietary therapies in conjunction with other treatment modalities, such as PPIs, topical corticosteroids, or biologic agents - have also emerged as a potential management strategy for EoE. In this systematic review, we attempt to highlight the recent advances in EoE therapies and provide updated guidance to their management. From 2017 to 2022, we conducted a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed (MEDLINE) using specific keywords related to our objective and eventually included a total of 44 articles.
PubMed: 37692685
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43221 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Sep 2023Church-based interventions have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and could reduce health disparities in groups with a high burden of CVD.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Church-based interventions have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and could reduce health disparities in groups with a high burden of CVD. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of church-based interventions for CVD risk factor improvement and to examine the types of interventions that are effective.
METHODS
Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and manual reference searches were conducted through November 2021. Study inclusion criteria were church-based interventions delivered in the United States to address CVD risk factors. Interventions targeted barriers to improving blood pressure, weight, diabetes, physical activity, cholesterol, diet, or smoking. Two investigators independently extracted study data. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 81 studies with 17,275 participants were included. The most common interventions included increasing physical activity (n = 69), improving diet (n = 67), stress management (n = 20), medication adherence (n = 9), and smoking cessation (n = 7). Commonly used approaches for implementation included cultural tailoring of the intervention, health coaching, group education sessions, inclusion of spiritual components in the intervention, and home health monitoring. Church-based interventions were associated with significant reductions in body weight (-3.1 lb, [95% CI, -5.8, -1.2], N = 15), waist circumference (-0.8 in, [CI, -1.4, -0.1], N = 6), and systolic blood pressure (-2.3 mm Hg, [CI, -4.3, -0.3], N = 13).
CONCLUSIONS
Church-based interventions targeting CVD risk factors are effective for reducing CVD risk factors, particularly in populations with health disparities. These findings can be used to design future church-based studies and programs to improve cardiovascular health.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Health Promotion; Exercise; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 37244637
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.05.010 -
Current Hypertension Reports Jul 2023Accumulating data on the consumption of plant-based diets and their impact on blood pressure indicate a consensus that plant-based diets are linked to reduced blood... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Accumulating data on the consumption of plant-based diets and their impact on blood pressure indicate a consensus that plant-based diets are linked to reduced blood pressure. The suggested mechanisms of action are manifold, and, in this systematic review, we provide a summary of the most recent findings on plant-based diets and their impact on blood pressure, along with an analysis of the molecules accountable for the observed effects.
RECENT FINDINGS
The overwhelming majority of intervention studies demonstrate that plant-based diets result in lower blood pressure readings when compared to diets that are based on animal products. The various mechanisms of action are being clarified. The data discussed in this systematic review allow us to conclude that plant-based diets are associated with lower blood pressure and overall better health outcomes (namely, on the cardiovascular system) when compared to animal-based diets. The mechanisms of action are being actively investigated and involve many macro- and micronutrients plentiful in plants and the dishes prepared with them.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Blood Pressure; Hypertension; Diet; Cardiovascular System; Diet, Vegetarian
PubMed: 37178356
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01243-7 -
PloS One 2023Nutrition affects both physical and mental health but evidence is mixed regarding potential associations between anxiety and diet, particularly dairy consumption. We...
BACKGROUND
Nutrition affects both physical and mental health but evidence is mixed regarding potential associations between anxiety and diet, particularly dairy consumption. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of dairy consumption and/or various dietary patterns and risk of anxiety.
METHODS
Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase. All study designs except case reports, small case series, and SLRs were considered for inclusion. Reference lists of previously published SLRs were reviewed for any relevant additional studies. Studies of populations without dairy sensitivities exploring the association between dietary patterns and/or dairy consumption and anxiety published through May 2022 were identified using predefined eligibility criteria. Study quality was determined using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist.
RESULTS
For this SLR, 132 studies were included; 80 were cross-sectional. Studies examined different dietary patterns (e.g., Mediterranean, gluten-free) and anxiety using various anxiety scales, with 19 studies specifically reporting on whole dairy consumption and anxiety. Dairy consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of anxiety in 7 studies, while the remaining 12 studies showed no significant associations. Evidence was mixed for the association between various dietary patterns and anxiety, but more studies observed a lower risk of anxiety with greater adherence to "healthy" diets (e.g., Mediterranean, diet quality score, vegetarian/vegan) than a higher risk. Notable heterogeneity in study populations, time periods, geographical locations, dietary assessment methods, and anxiety scales was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this SLR suggest a potential link between diet including diary consumption and anxiety, but future studies, especially with longitudinal designs that measure diet and anxiety at several timepoints and comprehensively adjust for confounders, are needed to fully understand the relationship between diet and anxiety.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Feeding Behavior; Dietary Patterns
PubMed: 38153944
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295975 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Nov 2023The effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) has been summarized in previous studies, but its benefits in combination with calorie restriction (CR) still need to be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) has been summarized in previous studies, but its benefits in combination with calorie restriction (CR) still need to be determined. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE with CR on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and gray literature databases were searched from inception to October 18, 2022, for potential randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Eight RCTs involving 579 participants were enrolled in the present analysis. The pooled results showed that TRE with CR reduced the body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference significantly (WMD: -1.40, 95% CI: -1.81 to -1.00, and I: 0%; WMD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.39 to -0.07, and I: 0%; WMD: -1.87, 95% CI: -3.47 to -0.26, and I: 67.25%, respectively). However, compared with CR alone, TRE plus CR exhibited no significant benefit on the blood pressure, glucose profile, and lipid profile. Subgroup analysis suggested that early TRE is more effective in weight loss (WMD: -1.42, 95% CI: -1.84 to -1.01, and I: 0%) and improving fat mass (WMD: -1.06, 95% CI: -1.91 to -0.22, and I: 0%) than delayed or broader TRE when combined with CR. Although the combination of TRE and CR can effectively decrease body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference, the long-term effects, particularly those on cardiometabolic risk in participants with chronic cardiovascular disease and diabetes, remain to be explored.
Topics: Humans; Caloric Restriction; Body Weight; Weight Loss; Cardiovascular Diseases; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 37488260
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01311-w -
BMC Cancer Nov 2023The oxidative balance score (OBS) has been utilized to assess the overall pro- and antioxidant exposure status in various chronic diseases. The current meta-analysis was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The oxidative balance score (OBS) has been utilized to assess the overall pro- and antioxidant exposure status in various chronic diseases. The current meta-analysis was carried out to pool the association between OBS and the risk of cancer.
METHODS
We systematically searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to August 2023. All observational studies which evaluated the association of OBS with the risk of cancers were included. There was no time of publication or language restrictions. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Chi-square-based Q-test and the I. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect sizes. Possible sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup and meta-regression analysis.
RESULTS
Totally, 15 studies (9 case-control and 6 cohorts) were eligible for meta-analysis. Random effect model meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that higher OBS significantly decreases the odds of cancers (pooled OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.74). In the cohort studies, the association of OBS with the risk of cancers was not significant (pooled HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.80,1.18). The subgroup analysis showed that cancer type and gender were the potential sources of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
Our results show an inverse and significant association between higher OBS and odds of colorectal cancers in case-control and cohort studies. In the case of prostate cancer in cohort studies, our results did not align with the hypothesis. Considering the importance of diet and antioxidant balance in the conditions of malignancy, it is suggested to conduct more comprehensive studies with standard measurement methods to obtain conclusive results.
Topics: Humans; Male; Antioxidants; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Oxidative Stress; Prostatic Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38001409
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11657-w -
Gut Microbes 2024Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of...
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Nutrients
PubMed: 38725230
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785 -
BMC Medicine Nov 2023There is growing evidence that substituting animal-based with plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There is growing evidence that substituting animal-based with plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and all-cause mortality. Our aim was to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the substitution of any animal-based foods with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science to March 2023 for prospective studies investigating the substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on CVD, T2D, and all-cause mortality. We calculated summary hazard ratios (SHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the certainty of evidence (CoE) using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
In total, 37 publications based on 24 cohorts were included. There was moderate CoE for a lower risk of CVD when substituting processed meat with nuts [SHR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.59, 0.91), n = 8 cohorts], legumes [0.77 (0.68, 0.87), n = 8], and whole grains [0.64 (0.54, 0.75), n = 7], as well as eggs with nuts [0.83 (0.78, 0.89), n = 8] and butter with olive oil [0.96 (0.95, 0.98), n = 3]. Furthermore, we found moderate CoE for an inverse association with T2D incidence when substituting red meat with whole grains/cereals [0.90 (0.84, 0.96), n = 6] and red meat or processed meat with nuts [0.92 (0.90, 0.94), n = 6 or 0.78 (0.69, 0.88), n = 6], as well as for replacing poultry with whole grains [0.87 (0.83, 0.90), n = 2] and eggs with nuts or whole grains [0.82 (0.79, 0.86), n = 2 or 0.79 (0.76, 0.83), n = 2]. Moreover, replacing red meat for nuts [0.93 (0.91, 0.95), n = 9] and whole grains [0.96 (0.95, 0.98), n = 3], processed meat with nuts [0.79 (0.71, 0.88), n = 9] and legumes [0.91 (0.85, 0.98), n = 9], dairy with nuts [0.94 (0.91, 0.97), n = 3], and eggs with nuts [0.85 (0.82, 0.89), n = 8] and legumes [0.90 (0.89, 0.91), n = 7] was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that a shift from animal-based (e.g., red and processed meat, eggs, dairy, poultry, butter) to plant-based (e.g., nuts, legumes, whole grains, olive oil) foods is beneficially associated with cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Diet; Prospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Olive Oil; Vegetables; Meat; Cardiovascular Diseases; Butter; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37968628
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03093-1 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Dec 2023To systematically review the effects of the ketogenic diet on glycaemic control, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and liver and kidney function in patients with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the effects of the ketogenic diet on glycaemic control, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and liver and kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched for randomised controlled trials published between 2001 and 2021 that compared the ketogenic diet to a control diet for effects on glycaemic control, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, liver and renal function markers in adults with type 2 diabetes for >14 days. Meta-analyses using fixed or random effects models were conducted.
RESULTS
Nineteen reports from 11 randomised controlled trials were included. Compared to the control, the ketogenic diet showed no significant difference in changes in glycaemic control or body weight, but greater increases in HDL (standardised mean difference 0.19; 95%CI 0.02-0.37; I = 0 %; moderate-quality evidence) and greater reductions in triglycerides (standardised mean difference -0.41; 95%CI -0.64 to -0.18; I = 0 %; low-quality evidence).
CONCLUSIONS
The ketogenic diet may improve lipid profiles but showed no additional benefits for glycaemic control or weight loss compared to control diets in type 2 diabetes patients over two years.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Ketogenic; Body Weight; Diet; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38006799
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102905