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EBioMedicine Dec 2023Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes, associated with important morbidity. Appropriate animal models of DFUs may improve drug development,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes, associated with important morbidity. Appropriate animal models of DFUs may improve drug development, and subsequently the success rate of clinical trials. However, while many models have been proposed, they are extremely heterogeneous, and no standard has emerged. We thus propose a systematic review with a network meta-analysis (NMA) to gather direct and indirect evidence, and compare the different mouse models of diabetes-related ulcers.
METHODS
The systematic search was performed in Pubmed and Embase. The main outcomes were wound size measurement at days 3, 7, 11 and 15 (±1 day). The risk of bias and methodological quality of all included studies was assessed by using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. Meta-regressions were done on prespecified variables, including mouse strain, type of ulcer, sex, age, and use of a splint.
FINDINGS
We included 295 studies. Among all models, only db/db, ob/ob, streptozotocin (STZ), and STZ + high fat diet mice showed a significantly delayed wound healing, compared with controls, at each time point. Age, sex and ulcer type had influence on wound healing, although not at all time points.
INTERPRETATION
In conclusion, the db/db model is associated with the largest delay in wound healing The STZ model also exhibits significantly decreased wound healing. STZ + high fat diet and ob/ob mice may also be relevant models of diabetes-related ulcers, although the results rely on a more limited number of studies.
FUNDING
This work was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-18-CE17-0017).
Topics: Animals; Mice; Network Meta-Analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Diabetic Foot; Animal Experimentation; Diet, High-Fat; Streptozocin; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38251464
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104856 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The relationship between red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk is controversial and no study has looked specifically at the correlation for...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk is controversial and no study has looked specifically at the correlation for 6 years. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence about the association between them.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies of red or processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer published from December 2016 to July 2022. We performed random-effects models to pool the relative risks from individual studies. Subgroup analyses were used to figure out heterogeneity. We also performed publication bias analysis.
RESULTS
Seven cohort studies and one case-control study that contained a total of 7,158 pancreatic cancer cases from 805,177 participants were eligible for inclusion. The combined RRs (95% CI) comparing highest and lowest categories were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.91-1.26; = 0.064) for red meat and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.81-1.33; = 0.006) for processed meat with statistically significant heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggested that red and processed meat consumption has no relationship with pancreatic cancer risk.
PubMed: 37829734
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1249407 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Mar 2024Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react... (Review)
Review
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
Topics: Humans; Genetic Markers; Obesity; Exercise; Weight Loss; Diet
PubMed: 38455434
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024Evidence of associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is emerging, but it is unclear how much this is influenced by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Evidence of associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is emerging, but it is unclear how much this is influenced by the methodology used to assess the UPF intake or by the level of consumption. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate 1) the association between UPF consumption and risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, using prospective cohort studies; 2) the differential associations depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake and the level of UPF consumption and 3) the quality of evidence using the NutriGrade scoring system. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus through 1 April, 2023, on studies conducted in humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest UPF consumption categories. Summary relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 4522 articles retrieved from the literature search, 25 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 7 for diabetes, 5 for hypertension, 3 for dyslipidemia, and 13 for obesity. A consistently positive association between high UPF intake and increased risk of developing diabetes (37%), hypertension (32%), hypertriglyceridemia (47%), low HDL cholesterol concentration (43%), and obesity (32%) was observed, even if the quality of evidence was not satisfying. However, these risks varied significantly depending on the methodology used to assess UPF consumption, with a difference of more than 50% between the methods. Based on the level of intake, we did not observe significant differences in the results. These findings show that UPF consumption is associated with higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, but the level of risk consistently changes depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting and extrapolating the results.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dyslipidemias; Food, Processed; Hypertension; Obesity; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38245358
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.009 -
Nutrients Sep 2023The role of overall diet on longevity among cancer survivors (CS) needs further elucidation. We performed a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Post-Diagnosis Dietary Patterns among Cancer Survivors in Relation to All-Cause Mortality and Cancer-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.
The role of overall diet on longevity among cancer survivors (CS) needs further elucidation. We performed a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of related cohort studies published up to October 2022 investigating post-diagnosis a priori (diet quality indices) and a posteriori (data-driven) dietary patterns (DPs) in relation to all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest categories of adherence to DPs. We assessed heterogeneity and risk of bias in the selected studies. A total of 19 cohort studies with 38,846 adult CS, some assessing various DPs, were included in the meta-analyses. Higher adherence to a priori DPs was associated with lower all-cause mortality by 22% (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73-0.83, I = 22.6%) among all CS, by 22% (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73-0.84, I = 0%) among breast CS and by 27% (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.86, I = 41.4%) among colorectal CS. Higher adherence to a "prudent/healthy" DP was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97 I = 49.3%), whereas higher adherence to a "western/unhealthy" DP was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.26-1.74, I = 0%) among all CS. Results for cancer-specific mortality were less clear. In conclusion, higher adherence to a "healthy" DP, either a priori or a posteriori, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality among CS. A "healthy" overall diet after cancer diagnosis could protect and promote longevity and well-being.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Cancer Survivors; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37686892
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173860 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2024(1) : Cardiomyopathy in celiac disease or celiac cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that can occur in both adults and children.... (Review)
Review
(1) : Cardiomyopathy in celiac disease or celiac cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that can occur in both adults and children. However, data supporting the causal relationship between celiac disease (CD) and cardiomyopathy (CMP) are still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to review and synthesize data from the literature on this topic and potentially reveal a more evidence-based causal relationship. (2) : The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases from database inception until September 2023. A total of 1187 original articles were identified. (3) : We identified 28 CCM patients (19 adult and 9 pediatric) with a mean age of 27.4 ± 18.01 years. Adult patients with CCM were predominantly male (84.2%) while pediatric patients were predominantly female (75%). The most common comorbidities associated with CCM were anemia (75%) and pulmonary hemosiderosis (20%). In 35% of patients, CCM occurred before the diagnosis of CD, while in 48% of patients, CCM and CD were diagnosed at the same time. Diagnosis of CD preceded diagnosis of CCM in only 18% of patients. Diagnosis of CCM is often delayed with an average, from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, of 16 months. All patients were treated with a gluten-free diet in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy. At 11-month follow-up, cardiovascular improvement was seen in 60.7% of patients. Pediatric mortality was 33.3%, while adult mortality was 5.3%. (4) : Clinicians should be aware of the possible association between CD and CMP, and we recommend CD work-up in all patients with CMP who have concomitant anemia. While we identified only 28 cases in the literature, many cases might go unreported due to a lack of awareness regarding CCM. A high degree of clinical suspicion and a prompt diagnosis of CCM are essential to minimizing the risks of morbidity and mortality, as the combination of a gluten-free diet and guideline-directed medical therapy can improve clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 38398359
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041045 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the...
Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behaviors is not yet fully understood. This literature review, therefore, aims to assess the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines were used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search published articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appeal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibility criteria such as study context, study participants, study setting, outcome measures, and key findings were used to identify relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Out of 2,391 studies, only 46 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this study. Our review found that children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status face an elevated risk of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., early initiation of smoking, high-energy-dense food, low physical activity, and involvement in drug abuse), in contrast to their counterparts. Conversely, children and adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit a higher prevalence of health-promoting behaviors, such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, dairy products, regular breakfast, adherence to a nutritious diet, and engagement in an active lifestyle. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of implementing specific intervention measures aimed at providing assistance to families from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to mitigate the substantial disparities in health behavior outcomes in children and adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Health Behavior; Social Class; Diet
PubMed: 37915814
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228632 -
Cureus Oct 2023Gluten, as a term, causes unease among a vast majority of the population. The reason is the body's inability to process gluten, causing various pathological... (Review)
Review
Gluten, as a term, causes unease among a vast majority of the population. The reason is the body's inability to process gluten, causing various pathological manifestations. While celiac disease is predominantly a gastrointestinal disease, it also has various extra-intestinal manifestations. Many children receive diagnoses of idiopathic neuropsychiatric symptoms such as epilepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and peripheral neuropathy without ever finding the root cause. A majority of these cases may be associated with celiac disease if only their antibody titers and other appropriate investigations were conducted. The treatment of these manifestations may be eliminated or at least controllable with dietary modification to a gluten-free diet (GFD). In this paper, we will discuss the pathology of celiac disease and the impact of GFD on the neuropsychiatric aspects of this disease, which is of higher prevalence in the pediatric population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in prominent databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar, to include studies that provided individual-level data on the neuropathological manifestations and the impact of a GFD on extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease. The research protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with the registration ID: CRD42023415100. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included prospective studies, observational studies, and case reports on pediatric patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease, serologically positive celiac disease, celiac disease with neuropsychiatric manifestations, and studies reporting the impact of GFD. After a rigorous quality assessment to remove the risk of bias, we finally included 20 studies to be discussed. In 6 (30%) studies, patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations had positive serology findings and a relatively higher grade of biopsy results. Seven studies discussed the positive impact of GFD. Five of these seven studies reported statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.001). Our study suggests that gluten plays a role in the severity of neuropsychiatric manifestations of celiac disease. Considering the results of our study, we can see that GFD does impact the prognosis of the disease. Neuropsychiatric findings without gastrointestinal manifestations are more common in the pediatric age group. We have clear evidence that several neurological conditions (neuropathy, ADHD, epilepsy, and RLS) have not only a significant association with gluten but can also potentially benefit from GFD. Thus, screening, with a combination of serological, biopsy, and imaging techniques, must be adapted into the guidelines for early detection and induction of GFD. Furthermore, studies should aim at introducing GFD in the pediatric population as a mode of primary prevention. In conclusion, our review underscores the importance of gluten while dealing with idiopathic neurological conditions in children and hopes to shed light on this commonly misdiagnosed and easily manageable disease.
PubMed: 38022342
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47062 -
Cureus Sep 2023Obesity, a condition primarily resulting from positive energy balance, has become a significant global health concern. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is... (Review)
Review
Obesity, a condition primarily resulting from positive energy balance, has become a significant global health concern. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is a major risk factor for various illnesses, including different types of cancer, coronary heart disease, sleep apnea, CV stroke, type II diabetes mellitus, etc. To effectively address this issue, prevention and treatment approaches to manage body weight are crucial. There are several evidence-based approaches available for the treatment and management of obesity, taking into account factors such as body mass index classification, individual weight history, and existing comorbidities. To facilitate successful obesity treatment and management, there are pragmatic approaches and tools available, including the reduction of energy density, portion control, and diet quality enhancement. These approaches encompass the use of medications, lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and formula diets. Regardless of the specific method employed, behavior change, reduction of energy intake, and increased energy expenditure are integral components for successful treatment and management of obesity. These measures allow patients to personalize and customize their dietary patterns, leading to effective and sustainable weight reduction. Incorporating physical activities and self-monitoring of individual diets are effective techniques for promoting behavior change in obesity and weight management. The main objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary/nutritional interventions in the treatment and management of obesity through provision of valuable insights into the effectiveness of such nutritional strategies. To attain this, a comprehensive analysis of various dietary approaches and their impacts on weight will be conducted.
PubMed: 37868473
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45518 -
PloS One 2023Food insecurity is one of the main factors affecting multimorbidity. Previous studies have shown that food insecurity may lead to multimorbidity due to person's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Food insecurity is one of the main factors affecting multimorbidity. Previous studies have shown that food insecurity may lead to multimorbidity due to person's inability to consume nutritious diet. However, considering that multimorbidity may cause work-related disabilities and an unstable income, others support the possible effect that multimorbidity has on food insecurity. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between food insecurity and multimorbidity in adults. A systematic literature review of studies was performed using the PubMed, EBSCO and SCOPUS for all articles including adults ≥ 18-year-old with multimorbidity living in developed countries published from August 5th until December 7th 2022. Meta-analysis was performed considering results from the fully adjusted model. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. This systematic review was not registered. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. Four cross-sectional studies involving 45,404 participants were included in order to investigate the possible impact that food insecurity has on multimorbidity. The study findings showed an increased probability of multimorbidity 1.55 (95% CI:1.31-1.79, p<0.001, I2 = 44.1%) among people with food insecurity. Conversely, three of the included studies, involving 81,080 participants concluded that people with multimorbidity, have 2.58 (95% CI: 1.66-3.49, p<0.001, I2 = 89.7%) times higher odds to present food insecurity. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of a reverse association between food insecurity and multimorbidity. Further cross-sectional studies must be conducted in order to elucidate the association between multimorbidity and food insecurity across age groups and between the two genders.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Adolescent; Multimorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Food Insecurity; Diet; Income; Food Supply
PubMed: 37410753
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288063