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Nutrients May 2024(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore,... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: A healthy lifestyle has a protective role against the onset and management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) are a potentially valuable prevention approach. This review aims to provide an overview of existing CLIs for the prevention and management of asthma or COPD. (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Studies were included if CLIs targeted at least two lifestyle factors. (3) Results: Among the 56 included studies, 9 addressed asthma and 47 addressed COPD management, with no studies focusing on prevention. For both conditions, the most prevalent combination of lifestyle targets was diet and physical activity (PA), often combined with smoking cessation in COPD. The studied CLIs led to improvements in quality of life, respiratory symptoms, body mass index/weight, and exercise capacity. Behavioural changes were only measured in a limited number of studies and mainly showed improvements in dietary intake and PA level. (4) Conclusions: CLIs are effective within asthma and COPD management. Next to optimising the content and implementation of CLIs, these positive results warrant paying more attention to CLIs for persons with an increased risk profile for these chronic respiratory diseases.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Asthma; Exercise; Quality of Life; Smoking Cessation; Healthy Lifestyle; Life Style; Male; Female; Diet
PubMed: 38794757
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101515 -
Nutrition Reviews Dec 2023The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is one of the most commonly prescribed diets for preventing and controlling hypertension. However, the...
CONTEXT
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is one of the most commonly prescribed diets for preventing and controlling hypertension. However, the relationship between the DASH diet and mental health and well-being has yet to be systematically understood.
OBJECTIVE
To fill this gap, the present review systematically examined the current literature on the association between the DASH diet and mental health.
DATA SOURCES
The Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases were systematically searched to identify eligible publications up to May 2021. Interventional and observational studies published in English allowing for inferences about mental well-being were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors independently assessed the quality of reviewed studies using the NIH quality assessment tool and extracted qualitative data. Conflicts were adjudicated by the senior author.
DATA ANALYSIS
A total of 16 studies involving 48 824 participants were included in the final review: Ten were observational studies and 6 were randomized controlled trials. On average, the methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Mixed results on psychological measures were reported, but in general, the DASH diet was associated with better mental well-being. Five observational studies supported a negative association between adherence to the DASH diet and depressive symptoms/depression. Four randomized controlled trials provided evidence of the beneficial effects of the DASH diet on mental health, including quality of life and emotional symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The DASH diet likely has positive effects on mental well-being, but the results were inconsistent across different studies, which might be likely due to differences in methods of assessments of the DASH diet and mental health outcomes. Well-powered randomized controlled trials with mental well-being as the primary outcome are needed in the future.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021267667.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Diet; Hypertension; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37085157
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad038 -
Cancers Nov 2023Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high rate of mortality and is the fifth most common cause of death in females all over the world. The etiology is still unclear. Numerous... (Review)
Review
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high rate of mortality and is the fifth most common cause of death in females all over the world. The etiology is still unclear. Numerous factors such as smoking, obesity, and unhealthy diet may affect the risk of OC. Having a family history of breast and OC is one of the main risks for developing OC. Mutations of BRCA1/2 are associated with OC risk as well. The histopathological classification of OC reveals the four most common types: serous, clear cell, endometrioid, and mucinous; these are epithelial OC types, and other types are rare. Furthermore, OC can be subdivided into types I and II. Type I tumors are most probably caused by atypical proliferative tumors. Type II tumors include high-grade carcinoma of the serous type, carcinosarcoma, and carcinoma, which are not differentiated and generally originate from tubal intraepithelial carcinoma of the serous type. Typically, type I tumors are present in early stages, usually with good prognosis. Type II tumors are classified as high-grade tumors and are most often diagnosed at advanced FIGO stages with poor prognosis. High-grade serous OC accounts for 90% of serous OC. Tumor heterogeneity aggravates OC treatment. The standard care for primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used in certain cases followed by cytoreductive surgery. The main prognostic factor is complete tumor resection. However, about 70% of patients relapse. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains a major challenge in EOC treatment, in which many different factors are involved. In recent years, the examination of molecular parameters and their prognostic impact has become increasingly relevant in EOC, and furthermore, the use of immunotherapy has expanded the therapeutic range. As the clinical need is greatest for relapsed patients, this systematic review will focus on recent advances in molecular biology with prognostic and predictive markers and treatment options for recurrent/refractory OC. Inclusion criteria for the review: potential prospective or predictive biomarkers in preclinical or clinical use in relapsed and refractory OC, prognostic impact, clinical and preclinical trials, and immunotherapy. Exclusion criteria for the review: primary OC, no full text or abstract available, not the topic mentioned above, and text not available in English. Risk of bias: the included studies were evaluated descriptively for the topics mentioned above, and data were not compared with each other. The objective is to highlight the molecular mechanisms of the most promising targeted agents under clinical investigation to demonstrate their potential relevance in recurrent/refractory OC.
PubMed: 38001616
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225356 -
Global Heart 2023Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, with excessive sodium intake being a significant risk factor. Various studies have investigated measures to reduce... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effects of Behavioral Interventions for Salt Reduction on Blood Pressure and Urinary Sodium Excretion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, with excessive sodium intake being a significant risk factor. Various studies have investigated measures to reduce salt intake, including integrated lifestyle interventions and health education. However, the effectiveness of behavioral interventions focused solely on salt reduction remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of a behavioral intervention based on salt reduction on blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion. A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant literature. Study and intervention characteristics were extracted for descriptive synthesis, and the quality of the included studies was assessed. A total of 10 studies, comprising 4,667 participants (3,796 adults and 871 children), were included. The interventions involved the provision of salt-restriction spoons or devices, salt-reduction education, self-monitoring devices for urinary sodium, and salt-reduction cooking classes. Meta-analysis results showed that behavioral interventions focused on salt reduction significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-1.17 mmHg; 95% CI, -1.86 to -0.49), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-0.58 mmHg; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.08) and urinary sodium excretion (-21.88 mmol/24 hours; 95% CI, -32.12 to -11.64). These findings suggest that behavioral change interventions centered on salt reduction can effectively lower salt intake levels and decrease blood pressure levels. However, to enhance effectiveness, behavioral interventions for salt reduction should be combined with other salt-reduction strategies.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Blood Pressure; Sodium; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Hypertension; Diet, Sodium-Restricted
PubMed: 38143483
DOI: 10.5334/gh.1281 -
Cureus Nov 2023Hypertension treatment should involve non-pharmacological interventions such as dietary salt restriction, weight loss, exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and dietary... (Review)
Review
Hypertension treatment should involve non-pharmacological interventions such as dietary salt restriction, weight loss, exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet. Significant impacts of these interventions have been suggested for a long time. This systematic review aims to assess the influence of non-pharmacological therapies on hypertension patients' ability to control their blood pressure. The review will concentrate on randomized controlled trials examining how non-pharmacological therapies affect blood pressure regulation in hypertension patients. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. A comprehensive search for relevant studies was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: EMBASE, OVID-MEDLINE, and PubMed. The search covered the period between January 2000 and August 2023. The search strategy included a combination of keywords related to hypertension, non-pharmacological interventions, and blood pressure control. A thorough literature evaluation of papers from the EMBASE, OVID-MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was part of the procedure for choosing the studies. Combinations of the keywords telemedicine, primary care, and effectiveness were used for the search. Only studies published in English between January 2000 and August 2023 were included in the search. Through database searching, 862 entries were found, of which 321 were from EMBASE, 112 from OVID-MEDLINE, and 429 from PubMed. After duplicate records were eliminated, 117 records were checked for eligibility. Of these, 100 were disregarded for a variety of reasons, including not relevant to the objectives of the study (n = 63), abstracts or reviews (n = 8), and studies that failed to present interesting research findings (n = 36). The eligibility of the remaining 10 full-text publications was evaluated. Ten articles passed the inclusion tests and were added to the research after a thorough evaluation. Lifestyle modifications are important and have a significant impact on controlling hypertension and a positive impact on reducing blood pressure. Combination therapy is more effective; however, adherence to the modifications is the most important factor affecting the outcomes.
PubMed: 38074046
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48444 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2024The potential positive interaction between intermittent fasting (IF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive function has been widely discussed. This... (Review)
Review
The potential positive interaction between intermittent fasting (IF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive function has been widely discussed. This systematic review tried to assess the efficacy of interventions with different IF regimens on BDNF levels and their association with cognitive functions in humans. Interventions with different forms of IF such as caloric restriction (CR), alternate-day fasting (ADF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and the Ramadan model of intermittent fasting (RIF) were targeted. A systematic review was conducted for experimental and observational studies on healthy people and patients with diseases published in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements (PRISMA) for writing this review. Sixteen research works conducted on healthy people and patients with metabolic disorders met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Five studies showed a significant increase in BDNF after the intervention, while five studies reported a significant decrease in BDNF levels, and the other six studies showed no significant changes in BDNF levels due to IF regimens. Moreover, five studies examined the RIF protocol, of which, three studies showed a significant reduction, while two showed a significant increase in BDNF levels, along with an improvement in cognitive function after RIF. The current findings suggest that IF has varying effects on BDNF levels and cognitive functions in healthy, overweight/obese individuals and patients with metabolic conditions. However, few human studies have shown that IF increases BDNF levels, with controversial results. In humans, IF has yet to be fully investigated in terms of its long-term effect on BDNF and cognitive functions. Large-scale, well-controlled studies with high-quality data are warranted to elucidate the impact of the IF regimens on BDNF levels and cognitive functions.
Topics: Humans; Caloric Restriction; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Intermittent Fasting; Obesity; Cognition
PubMed: 38276070
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010191 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) are dietary strategies to prevent and attenuate obesity associated with conditions and aging-related outcomes.... (Review)
Review
Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) are dietary strategies to prevent and attenuate obesity associated with conditions and aging-related outcomes. This scoping review examined the cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcome differences between IF and CR interventions among adults. We applied a systematic approach to scope published randomized controlled trials (databases: PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception through August 2023. The initial search provided 389 unique articles which were critically appraised. Thirty articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion: 12 were IF, 10 were CR, and 8 were combined IF and CR interventions. IF and CR were associated with weight loss; however, IF studies tended to report greater adherence compared with CR. Overall, IF and CR were equivalently effective across cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcomes. Our findings suggest that IF has health benefits in a variety of conditions and may be better accepted and tolerated than CR, but more comparative research is required.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aging; Caloric Restriction; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fasting; Intermittent Fasting; Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38276554
DOI: 10.3390/nu16020316 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Jan 2024Vulvodynia is an emerging health problem, still insufficiently studied, that causes a significant reduction in quality of life in many women and individuals assigned... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Vulvodynia is an emerging health problem, still insufficiently studied, that causes a significant reduction in quality of life in many women and individuals assigned female sex at birth. Little is known about the effects of diet and metabolic disorders on this condition. The objective of this study was to review currently available evidence on the diet and the nutritional and metabolic status of patients affected by vulvodynia.
METHODS
Published articles were systematically searched in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
RESULTS
The few available studies that reported data on patients' body mass index (BMI) described a BMI within the normal range in most patients affected by vulvodynia, showing no difference or a slightly lower BMI with respect to control individuals. Data on the relationship between metabolic diseases and vulvodynia are lacking. Regarding nutrition, the few available data do not support the prescription of a low-oxalate diet in women with vulvodynia. To date, studies on other dietary behaviors are also lacking.
CONCLUSIONS
This review emphasizes-for the first time, to our knowledge-the lack of data and the importance of conducting prospective studies investigating the nutritional and metabolic aspects related to the onset, maintenance, and therapy of vulvodynia.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Vulvodynia; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Diet; Research Design
PubMed: 37856898
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112232 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the potential correlation between gut microbiota and osteoarthritis (OA) as well as to evaluate the feasibility... (Review)
Review
The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the potential correlation between gut microbiota and osteoarthritis (OA) as well as to evaluate the feasibility of microbiota-targeted therapies for treating OA. Studies conducted from October 2013 to October 2023 were identified via a search on electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, following established PRISMA statement standards. Two reviewers independently screened, assessed, and extracted relevant data, and then they graded the studies using the ROBINS I tool for non-randomized interventions studies and SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool for animal studies. A search through 370 studies yielded 38 studies (24 preclinical and 14 clinical) that were included. In vivo research has predominantly concentrated on modifying the gut microbiota microenvironment, using dietary supplements, probiotics, and prebiotics to modify the OA status. are the most thoroughly examined with found to effectively reduce cartilage damage, inflammatory factors, and pain. Additionally, inhibits the development of OA by preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and protecting cartilage from damage. Although there are limited clinical studies, certain compositions of intestinal microbiota may be associated with onset and progression of OA, while others are linked to pain reduction in OA patients. Based on preclinical studies, there is evidence to suggest that the gut microbiota could play a significant role in the development and progression of OA. However, due to the scarcity of clinical studies, the exact mechanism linking the gut microbiota and OA remains unclear. Further research is necessary to evaluate specific gut microbiota compositions, potential pathogens, and their corresponding signaling pathways that contribute to the onset and progression of OA. This will help to validate the potential of targeting gut microbiota for treating OA patients.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Osteoarthritis; Microbiota; Databases, Factual; Lactobacillus; Pain
PubMed: 38203314
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010143 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429.
RESULTS
We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Exercise; Quality of Life; Cancer Survivors; Diet; Depression; Male; Body Mass Index; Female
PubMed: 38892682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111749