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Nutrients Jul 2023Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD is a health problem in Western countries such as the US and European nations and is an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD is a health problem in Western countries such as the US and European nations and is an idiopathic disease; however, certain cases of CD have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was carried out to determine the efficacy of a diet rich in fiber with or without cointervention to improve remission rates for CD. The literature in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases was reviewed. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale. This review was conducted in accordance with the structure outlined in the PRISMA statement. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a random effects model. Eleven studies were included, totaling 2389 patients with CD. Applying a diet rich in fiber with or without the administration of routine therapies improved CD remission rates. Data regarding CD activity, remission time, and adverse effects derived from fiber consumption were analyzed. Consumption of fiber in the diet could improve remission rates for CD patients who receive or do not receive other treatment to maintain remission.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Remission Induction
PubMed: 37513532
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143114 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Health authorities increasingly recommend sustainable and healthy diets rich in plant foods and with moderate amounts of animal foods. However, there are concerns about... (Review)
Review
Health authorities increasingly recommend sustainable and healthy diets rich in plant foods and with moderate amounts of animal foods. However, there are concerns about whether such diets can meet all nutrient requirements, especially in children and adolescents, who have relatively high nutrient needs for growth and development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake and status of children and adolescents (2-18 y) consuming plant-based (i.e., vegetarian and vegan) diets compared to those of meat-eating children following a systematic literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2022. Mean intake and status data of nutrients were calculated across studies and benchmarked to dietary reference values and cut-off values for nutrient deficiencies. A total of 30 studies were included (15 in children 2-5 y, 24 in children 6-12 y, and 11 in adolescents 13-18 y). In all diets, there were risks of inadequate intakes of vitamin D and calcium. Children consuming meat had a risk of inadequate folate and vitamin E intake; and mean fiber, SAFA, and PUFA intakes were not in line with the recommendations. Children consuming plant-based diets risked inadequate vitamin B12, iron, and zinc intakes. In contrast to vegans, vegetarian children may not meet the recommended intakes of fiber, SAFA, and possibly PUFA, but their mean intakes were more favorable than in meat-eating children. Although the data are limited and need further validation, our findings indicate that there are risks of nutritional inadequacies in all diet groups. Therefore, increasing consumption of a variety of plant-based foods, in combination with food fortification and supplementation where needed, is recommended for children and adolescents to have sustainable and nutritionally adequate diets.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Diet; Energy Intake; Meat; Eating; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian
PubMed: 37892416
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204341 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mar 2024The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric... (Review)
Review
The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these interventions in the treatment of patients with DSM/ICD psychiatric diagnoses. Forty-seven articles from 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed in all included studies. Major depression was the most studied disorder (n = 19 studies). Studies frequently focused on schizophrenia (n = 11) and bipolar disorder (n = 5) and there were limited studies in anorexia nervosa (n = 4), ADHD (n = 3), Tourette (n = 1), insomnia (n = 1), PTSD (n = 1) and generalized anxiety disorder (n = 1). Except in MDD, current evidence does not clarify the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment of mental illness. Several studies point to an improvement in the immune and inflammatory profile (e.g. CRP, IL6), which may be a relevant mechanism of action of the therapeutic response identified in these studies. Future research should consider lifestyle and dietary habits of patients as possible confounders that may influence inter-individual treatment response.
Topics: Humans; Prebiotics; Synbiotics; Probiotics; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38280441
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105561 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Dietary factors may affect the incidence of colorectal serrated polyps (SP). However, its effects on SP are unclear as epidemiological studies on this topic have showed...
BACKGROUND
Dietary factors may affect the incidence of colorectal serrated polyps (SP). However, its effects on SP are unclear as epidemiological studies on this topic have showed inconsistent results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of dietary factors on SPs.
METHODS
Studies regarding the association between dietary factors and SPs were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Literature database from inception until 27 February 2023. Search terms include serrated, hyperplastic, adenoma, polyps, colorectal, rectal, rectum and risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using statistics. The meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model, and the pooled effects were expressed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Probable sources of heterogeneity were identified through meta-regression. Subgroup analysis were based on lesion types, study designs, countries, and so on.
RESULTS
28 studies were ultimately eligible after scanning, and five dietary factors including vitamin D, calcium, folate, fiber and red or processed meat were excerpted. Higher intakes of vitamin D (OR = 0.95, 95%CI:0.90-1.02), calcium (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.91-1.03) and folate (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.6-1.13) were not significantly associated with SP. Fiber intake (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) was a protective factor against SPs. Red meat intake increased the risk of SPs by 30% for the highest versus lowest intakes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.51). For different lesion types, higher folate intake was associated with a decreased risk of HPs (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.44-0.79), and higher vitamin D intake decreased the risk of SPs including SSA/P (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.98).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher dietary fiber intake plays an effective role in preventing SP, while red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of SP. This evidence provides guidance for us to prevent SP from a dietary perspective.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, RecordID=340750.
PubMed: 37575321
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187539 -
Cureus Sep 2023Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential cardiovascular risk factor modifier. Although its effects on various CVD risk markers such as cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels have been explored, the relationship between dietary fiber and blood pressure remains somewhat elusive across the different studies conducted worldwide. In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive analysis of recent research from a global perspective, aiming to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure. From an initial pool of more than 24,500 articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, we rigorously selected 11 studies published in the last decade (post-2013) to ensure up-to-date insights. These selected studies encompass diverse populations from different regions worldwide, allowing for a comprehensive global assessment. Our analysis revealed a positive overall impact of increased dietary fiber intake on blood pressure levels. Despite variations in study parameters, consistent trends were observed across multiple continents. This systematic review underscores the potential of dietary fiber intake to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health globally. This review serves as a global analysis and updates on the developments about the potential association between dietary fiber and blood pressure levels. While the findings are promising, further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and ensure global consistency. Collaborative efforts and ongoing investigation are crucial for harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber and addressing the worldwide burden of hypertension.
PubMed: 37900495
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46116 -
Food Science & Nutrition Nov 2023This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 37970426
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3640 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2023The legume tree known as carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is indigenous to the Mediterranean area and over the centuries its pods had been traditionally used mostly as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The legume tree known as carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is indigenous to the Mediterranean area and over the centuries its pods had been traditionally used mostly as animal feed. However, it has gained great attention in human nutrition due to the molecular compounds it contains, which could offer many potential health benefits: for example, carob is renowned for its high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, in traditional medicine it is credited with the ability to control glucose metabolism and gut microbiome. Modern science has also extensively acknowledged the numerous health advantages deriving from its consumption, including its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Due to its abundant contents of pectin, gums, and polyphenols (such as pinitol), carob has garnered significant attention as a well-researched plant with remarkable therapeutic properties. Notably, carob is extensively used in the production of semi-finished pastry products, particularly in ice cream and other creams (especially as a substitute for cocoa/chocolate): these applications indeed facilitate the exploration of its positive effects on glucose metabolism. Our study aimed at examining the effects of carob extract on intestinal microbiota and glucose metabolism. In this review, we conducted a thorough examination, comprising in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials to appraise the consequences on human health of polyphenols and pectin from different carob species, including recently discovered ones with high polyphenol contents. Our goal was to learn more about the mechanisms through which carob extract can support a balanced gut flora and improve one's glucose metabolism. These results could influence the creation of novel functional foods and dietary supplements, to help with the management and prevention of chronic illnesses like diabetes and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polyphenols; Glucose; Fabaceae; Pectins
PubMed: 37994761
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2484 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important strategy that can be utilized to reduce the risk of short- and long-term complications in... (Review)
Review
Weight Management during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Summary of Current Evidence and Recommendations.
BACKGROUND
Weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important strategy that can be utilized to reduce the risk of short- and long-term complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted a systematic review to assess and synthesize evidence and recommendations on weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with GDM to provide evidence-based clinical guidance.
METHODS
Nine databases and eighteen websites were searched for clinical decisions, guidelines, recommended practices, evidence summaries, expert consensus, and systematic reviews.
RESULTS
A total of 12,196 records were retrieved and fifty-five articles were included in the analysis. Sixty-nine pieces of evidence were summarized, sixty-two of which focused on pregnancy, including benefits, target population, weight management goals, principles, weight monitoring, nutrition assessment and counseling, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, fiber intake, vitamin and mineral intake, water intake, dietary supplements, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweeteners, alcohol, coffee, food safety, meal arrangements, dietary patterns, exercise assessment and counseling, exercise preparation, type of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, exercise risk prevention, and pregnancy precautions, and seven focused on the postpartum period, including target population, benefits, postpartum weight management goals, postpartum weight monitoring, dietary recommendations, exercise recommendations, and postpartum precautions.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare providers can develop comprehensive pregnancy and postpartum weight management programs for women with GDM based on the sixty-nine pieces of evidence. However, because of the paucity of evidence on postpartum weight management in women with GDM, future guidance documents should focus more on postpartum weight management in women with GDM.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Postpartum Period; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins
PubMed: 38140280
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245022 -
JMIR Dermatology Nov 2023Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with symptoms of intense pruritus, dryness, and erythema.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with symptoms of intense pruritus, dryness, and erythema. Dissatisfaction with first-line therapies for AD, the desire to avoid steroids, and the extreme cost of effective biologics have created a demand for alternative treatment options such as oral vitamins and nutritional supplements.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements, pre- and probiotics, and vitamin deficiencies and supplements on AD symptomology and clinical course.
METHODS
We searched Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE (Ovid interface) for English-language articles published between 1993 and 2023. The final search was conducted on June 22, 2023. The search terms comprised the following: "(Atopic Dermatitis or Atopic Eczema) AND (supplement OR vitamin OR mineral OR micronutrients OR Fish Oil OR Omega Fatty Acid OR Probiotics OR Prebiotics OR apple cider vinegar OR collagen OR herbal OR fiber)."
RESULTS
A total of 18 studies-3 (17%) evaluating vitamins, 4 (22%) evaluating herbal medicine compounds, 2 (11%) evaluating single-ingredient nutritional supplements, and 9 (50%) evaluating pre- and probiotics-involving 881 patients were included in this review.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, there is weak evidence to support any one nutritional supplement intervention for the alleviation of AD symptoms. Multiple trials (4/18, 22%) showed promise for supplements such as Zemaphyte, kefir, and freeze-dried whey with Cuscuta campestris Yuncker extract. The most evidence was found on the effectiveness of probiotics on the clinical course of AD. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus acidophilus specifically showed evidence of efficacy and safety across multiple studies (6/18, 33%). However, larger, more extensive randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the true effectiveness of these supplements on the broader population.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42023470596; https://tinyurl.com/4a9477u7.
PubMed: 38019566
DOI: 10.2196/40857 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial, and the dose-response relationship...
Effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.
BACKGROUND
The effect of viscous soluble dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial, and the dose-response relationship of its effect on blood glucose and blood lipid level is still unclear.
METHODS
We conducted comprehensive searches in several databases up to 17 January 2023. We conducted a dose-response analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of viscous dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM.
RESULTS
Statistical significance was observed in the decreases of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (mean difference) [MD = -0.47; 95%CI: (-0.66, -0.27)], fasting blood glucose (FBG) [MD = -0.93; 95%CI: (-1.46, -0.41)], total cholesterol (TC) [MD = -0.33; 95%CI: (-0.46, -0.21)], and low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (LDL-C) [MD = -0.24; 95%CI: (-0.35, -0.13)]. Contrarily, no difference was observed regarding the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglyceride (TG). In addition, the effect on fasting insulin remains unclear. Results from the subgroup analyses showed that an intervention duration longer than 6 weeks had a significant effect on the HbA1c level; a treatment dosage higher than 8.3 g/day had a significant effect on the FBG level.
CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation of viscous dietary fiber is beneficial to control blood glucose and blood lipid in T2DM.
PubMed: 37720378
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1253312