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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Epidemiological studies have shown that a diet rich in bioactive components significantly reduces cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. In this sense, there is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Epidemiological studies have shown that a diet rich in bioactive components significantly reduces cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. In this sense, there is a need for meta-analytical research that confirms this phenomenon and increases specific knowledge about certain bioactive compounds such as carotenoids. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to disseminate knowledge about the sources of carotenoids in fruit consumed in the north of Brazil which are outside the Brazilian trade balance. A systematic review and a meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines were conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs). Searches of seven sources were carried out, including PubMed, Science Direct from Elsevier, Web of Science, Scielo, Eric Research and Google Scholar databases. The systematic review was guided by a systematic review protocol based on the POT strategy (population, outcome and type of study) adapted for use in this research. Mendeley was a resource used to organize and manage references and exclude duplicates of studies selected for review. In this review, we present the potential bioactive compounds concentrated in little-known fruit species from the Amazon and their benefits. Consuming fruits that are rich in notable constituents such as carotenoids is important for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases through anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, as well as antivirals, immunomodulators and antioxidants agents that directly affect the immune response.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Brazil; Carotenoids; Feeding Behavior; Fruit; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38792052
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102190 -
Malaria Journal Sep 2023Global interest in malaria elimination has prompted research on active test and treat (TaT) strategies. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Global interest in malaria elimination has prompted research on active test and treat (TaT) strategies.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness of TaT strategies to reduce malaria transmission.
RESULTS
A total of 72 empirical research and 24 modelling studies were identified, mainly focused on proactive mass TaT (MTaT) and reactive case detection (RACD) in higher and lower transmission settings, respectively. Ten intervention studies compared MTaT to no MTaT and the evidence for impact on malaria incidence was weak. No intervention studies compared RACD to no RACD. Compared to passive case detection (PCD) alone, PCD + RACD using standard diagnostics increased infection detection 52.7% and 11.3% in low and very low transmission settings, respectively. Using molecular methods increased this detection of infections by 1.4- and 1.1-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Results suggest MTaT is not effective for reducing transmission. By increasing case detection, surveillance data provided by RACD may indirectly reduce transmission by informing coordinated responses of intervention targeting.
Topics: Humans; Malaria
PubMed: 37661286
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04670-8 -
Nutrients Aug 2023During the disease course, most Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients present a condition of malnutrition, undernutrition, or even overnutrition. These conditions are... (Review)
Review
During the disease course, most Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients present a condition of malnutrition, undernutrition, or even overnutrition. These conditions are mainly due to suboptimal nutritional intake, alterations in nutrient requirements and metabolism, malabsorption, and excessive gastrointestinal losses. A suboptimal nutritional status and low micronutrient serum levels can have a negative impact on both induction and maintenance of remission and on the quality of life of Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. We performed a systematic review including all the studies evaluating the connection between nutrition, nutrition status (including undernutrition and overnutrition), micronutrient deficiency, and both disease course and therapeutic response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. This systematic review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Four main clinical settings concerning the effect of nutrition on disease course in adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients were analyzed (induction of remission, maintenance of remission, risk of surgery, post-operative recurrence, and surgery-related complications). Four authors independently reviewed abstracts and manuscripts for eligibility. 6077 articles were found; 762 duplicated studies were removed. Out of 412 full texts analyzed, 227 were included in the review. The evidence summarized in this review showed that many nutritional aspects could be potential targets to induce a better control of symptoms, a deeper remission, and overall improve the quality of life of Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Nutritional Status; Quality of Life; Malnutrition; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Disease Progression; Micronutrients; Overnutrition
PubMed: 37686856
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173824 -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Oct 2023The aim of this review is to examine and quantify the long-term risk of immune-mediated systemic conditions in people with periodontitis compared to people without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this review is to examine and quantify the long-term risk of immune-mediated systemic conditions in people with periodontitis compared to people without periodontitis.
METHODS
Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2022 using keywords and MeSH headings. The 'Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions' tool was used to assess bias. Cohort studies comparing incident metabolic/autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in periodontitis to healthy controls were included. Meta-analysis and meta-regression quantified risks and showed impact of periodontitis diagnosis type and severity.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 3354 studies; 166 studies were eligible for full-text screening, and 30 studies were included for review. Twenty-seven studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The risks of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis were increased in people with periodontitis compared to without periodontitis (diabetes-relative risk [RR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.33; RA-RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52; osteoporosis-RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.75). Risk of diabetes showed gradient increase by periodontitis severity (moderate-RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11-1.31; severe-RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.10-1.63).
CONCLUSION
People with moderate-to-severe cases of periodontitis have the highest risk of developing diabetes, while the effect of periodontal severity on risk of other immune-mediated systemic conditions requires further investigation. More homologous evidence is required to form robust conclusions regarding periodontitis-multimorbidity associations.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 36377800
DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12812 -
Frontiers in Allergy 2023Unlike acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) which is mostly viral in etiology, the role of viruses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Viruses may play a role in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Unlike acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) which is mostly viral in etiology, the role of viruses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Viruses may play a role in initiation, exacerbations or perpetuate chronic inflammatory responses in the sinonasal mucosa. Research needs to characterize whether viruses are part of the normal sinonasal microbiome, colonizers or pathogenic.
METHODS
Systematic review of the English literature was conducted. Following databases were searched with an initial search conducted in November 2021 and then updated through June 2023: Ovid Medline (1946 to present), Ovid Embase (1988 to present), Scopus (2004 to present) and Web of Science (1975 to present). MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms included: viruses, virus diseases, sinusitis, and rhinovirus. Keywords: virus, viral infection*, sinusitis, rhinovirus, chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS, respiratory virus, respiratory infection*, and exacerbat*. A supplementary search was conducted through September 2023: Ovid Medline (1946 to present), Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily. Keywords used were: virus, viral infection*, sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS, respiratory virus, respiratory infection*, and exacerbat*.
RESULTS
Thirty studies on viruses in CRS met inclusion criteria for full review. These included 17 studies on prevalence of virus in CRS, 5 examining probable causes of host susceptibility to viral infections in CRS, and 8 studies examining pathological pathways in viral association of CRS. The prevalence of viruses in nasal specimens of CRS subjects was higher as compared to controls in most studies, though a few studies showed otherwise. Rhinovirus was the most common virus detected. Studies showed that viruses may be associated with persistent hyper-responsiveness in the sinonasal mucosa, susceptibility to bacterial infections, upregulation of genes involved in the immune response and airway remodeling as well as CRS exacerbations. Presence of viruses was also associated with worse symptom severity scores in CRS subjects.
CONCLUSION
Most data show higher presence of viruses in nasal and serum samples of CRS subjects as compared to controls but their exact role in CRS pathophysiology in unclear. Large studies with longitudinal sampling at all disease phases (i.e., prior to disease initiation, during disease initiation, during disease persistence, and during exacerbations) using standardized sampling techniques are needed to definitively elucidate the role of virus in CRS.
PubMed: 38116043
DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1237068 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Mar 2024Exposure to toxic metals is a global public health threat. Among other adverse effects, exposure to the heavy metal cadmium has been associated with greater risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Exposure to toxic metals is a global public health threat. Among other adverse effects, exposure to the heavy metal cadmium has been associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonetheless, the shape of the association between cadmium exposure and CVD risk is not clear. This systematic review summarizes data on the association between cadmium exposure and risk of CVD using a dose-response approach. We carried out a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception to December 30, 2023. Inclusion criteria were: studies on adult populations, assessment of cadmium exposure, risk of overall CVD and main CVD subgroups as endpoints, and observational study design (cohort, cross-sectional, or case-control). We retrieved 26 eligible studies published during 2005-2023, measuring cadmium exposure mainly in urine and whole blood. In a dose-response meta-analysis using the one-stage method within a random-effects model, we observed a positive association between cadmium exposure and risk of overall CVD. When using whole blood cadmium as a biomarker, the association with overall CVD risk was linear, yielding a risk ratio (RR) of 2.58 (95 % confidence interval-CI 1.78-3.74) at 1 μg/L. When using urinary cadmium as a biomarker, the association was linear until 0.5 μg/g creatinine (RR = 2.79, 95 % CI 1.26-6.16), after which risk plateaued. We found similar patterns of association of cadmium exposure with overall CVD mortality and risks of heart failure, coronary heart disease, and overall stroke, whereas for ischemic stroke there was a positive association with mortality only. Overall, our results suggest that cadmium exposure, whether measured in urine or whole blood, is associated with increased CVD risk, further highlighting the importance of reducing environmental pollution from this heavy metal.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cadmium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Metals, Heavy; Biomarkers; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38295933
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123462 -
Cureus Dec 2023Crohn's disease (CD) presents a formidable challenge as a chronic inflammatory condition. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess upadacitinib, a novel... (Review)
Review
Crohn's disease (CD) presents a formidable challenge as a chronic inflammatory condition. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess upadacitinib, a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, regarding its efficacy, safety, and mechanistic insights in CD treatment. A thorough search of electronic databases identified studies investigating upadacitinib's impact on CD patients. Study characteristics, efficacy outcomes (clinical remission and endoscopic response), safety profiles, and mechanistic insights were extracted and qualitatively synthesized. Methodological quality was assessed using established tools. The synthesis of three studies consistently demonstrated improvements in clinical remission rates and endoscopic outcomes in upadacitinib-treated patients. Adverse events, such as herpes zoster, intestinal perforation, non-melanoma skin cancer, adjudicated cardiovascular events, and anemia, were reported, necessitating vigilant safety monitoring. Upadacitinib emerges as a promising therapeutic option for CD, supported by its observed clinical benefits and mechanistic implications. However, safety concerns underscore the importance of careful patient selection. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion surrounding personalized treatment approaches for CD, emphasizing the need for further research to confirm its enduring efficacy and safety.
PubMed: 38229787
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50657 -
International Journal of Medical... 2023The members of the transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein (TMED) family are summarized in human as four subfamilies, α (TMED 4, 9), β (TMED 2), γ (TMED1, 3, 5,... (Review)
Review
The members of the transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein (TMED) family are summarized in human as four subfamilies, α (TMED 4, 9), β (TMED 2), γ (TMED1, 3, 5, 6, 7) and δ (TMED 10), with a total of nine members, which are important regulators of intracellular protein transport and are involved in normal embryonic development, as well as in the pathogenic processes of many human diseases. Here we systematically review the composition, structure and function of TMED family members, and describe the progress of TMED family in human diseases, including malignancies (head and neck tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, gastrointestinal tumors, urological tumors, osteosarcomas, etc.), immune responses, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, mucin 1 nephropathy (MKD), and desiccation syndrome (SS). Finally, we discuss and prospect the potential of TMED for disease prognosis prediction and therapeutic targeting, with a view to laying the foundation for therapeutic research based on TMED family causative genes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Protein Transport; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Vesicular Transport Proteins
PubMed: 37928880
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.87272 -
Life Sciences Nov 2023A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal disorders, systemic inflammatory states and oxidative stress, among others. Recently, gut and oral dysbiosis has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia and a public health priority due to its high prevalence and incidence. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammation characteristic of AD pathology and the subsequent cognitive impairment. It is a systematic review of the current literature obtained by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristic intestinal dysbiosis in AD patients leads to increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and activates immune cells in the central nervous system due to translocation of microbiota-derived metabolites and/or bacteria into the circulation leading to increased neuroinflammation and neuronal loss, thus generating the cognitive impairment characteristic of AD. The presence in the central nervous system of Porphyromonas gingivalis can cause an increased neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid peptide accumulation.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Dysbiosis; Microbiota; Inflammation; Bacteria; Brain
PubMed: 37793482
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122132 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Dec 2023Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) serves as a potentially curative intervention for various hematologic disorders. However, its utility can be...
INTRODUCTION
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) serves as a potentially curative intervention for various hematologic disorders. However, its utility can be limited by the emergence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The clinical manifestations of cGVHD result from a complex immune response characterized by the involvement of both B and T cells. Ibrutinib, a pharmacological agent, acts as an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway, which becomes activated through the B-cell receptor and regulates B-cell survival. By exerting inhibitory effects on both BTK and inhibitor of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), ibrutinib exhibits promise as a therapeutic approach for managing cGVHD. Ibrutinib may be considered as a viable treatment option for active cGVHD in cases where patients exhibit an inadequate response to corticosteroid-based therapies. This systematic review seeks to assess the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in the context of cGVHD patient management.
METHOD
We incorporated search engines from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The study was performed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and Assessing The Methodological Quality of Systematic Review (AMSTAR). We used Risk of Bias- 2 (RoB-2) tool for assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational and open-label studies.
RESULTS
A total of 7 studies were included in this study consisted of four open-label studies, two retrospective cohort studies, and one RCT study. These studies compared Ibrutinitib with standard therapies. Two studies investigated the pediatric population, and five studies investigated the adult population. Overall, these studies reported the overall response rate (ORR) of ibrutinib for cGVHD were 54%-78%. The results showed that in pediatric patients, the ORR were 54-78%. The results also showed that in adult patients, the ORR were 67%-76%. The most common adverse effects observed across the seven studies included pyrexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cough, nausea, stomatitis, vomiting, headache, bleeding and bruising, infection, muscle aches, fatigue, oral bleeding, elevated transaminases, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, persistent dizziness, sepsis, pneumonia, reduced platelet count, exhaustion, sleeplessness, peripheral edema, and fatigue.
CONCLUSION
The majority of studies have indicated that ibrutinib exhibits a high ORR and provides long-lasting responses, while also having manageable side effects.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome; Graft vs Host Disease; B-Lymphocytes; Fatigue
PubMed: 38156834
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4025