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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023has a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological... (Review)
Review
has a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological properties of ), its chemical components, and their relevance for monitoring biological and anthropometric health markers, including triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, weight, and glycemia, compared with control groups with other kinds of diets. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, updated to December 2023, were searched. Out of the 194 studies identified, a total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 302 participants met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study indicated that the blue lupin diet has a direct relationship with parameters such as blood glucose, weight, and LDL-C but not with TGs or BMI. In conclusion, the research described in this review clearly indicates that may play an important role in the dietary prevention of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Therefore, it would be highly advisable to increase its consumption in diets. However, further studies, ideally in humans, are required to truly establish 's health-promoting properties.
PubMed: 37509841
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142749 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels simultaneously. However, the synthesis of evidence on the efficacy and safety of this drug is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide compared to placebo on weight reduction among adults with and without diabetes.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data were retrieved from six electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Google Scholar, and manually searched from the included references. The data were synthesized using a random effect model. This analysis was performed in the R programming language using the Meta package.
RESULTS
A total of seven RCTs involving 680 participants were included in this study. Mazdutide was more effective in reducing body weight (mean difference [MD]= -6.22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.02% to -4.41%, I = 90.0%), systolic blood pressure (MD = -7.57 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.17 to -3.98 mmHg, I = 46%), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -2.98 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.74 to -0.22 mmHg, I = 56%), total cholesterol (MD = -16.82%, 95% CI: -24.52 to -9.13%, I = 61%), triglycerides (MD = -43.29%, 95% CI: -61.57 to -25.01%, I = 68%), low-density lipoprotein (MD= -17.07%, 95% CI: -25.54 to -8.60%, I = 53%), and high-density lipoprotein (MD = -7.54%, 95% CI: -11.26 to -3.83%, I = 0%) than placebo. Mazdutide was associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose in participants with type 2 diabetes. In the subgroup and meta-regression analyses, weight reduction was more significant in non-diabetics compared to diabetics, and in those who received a longer treatment duration (24 weeks) than in those on shorter durations (12-20 weeks). Participants who received Mazdutide had a higher risk of transient mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
CONCLUSION
Mazdutite appears to be effective in weight reduction among patients with and without diabetes, and it has an advantage over other associated comorbidities. However, it was associated with mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=403859, identifier CRD42023403859.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Peptides; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38440786
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118 -
Audiology & Neuro-otology 2024Vascular involvement in the pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (iSSNHL) has been previously proposed. The objective of this study was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, and Subsequent Risk of Stroke in Patients with Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of the Current Literature.
Vascular involvement in the pathophysiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (iSSNHL) has been previously proposed. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the current literature and conduct meta-analyses to evaluate associations between cardiovascular risk factors, cerebral small vessel disease, and subsequent stroke after presentation with iSSNHL. Three systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. All studies investigating associations between iSSNHL and the cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, medical history of myocardial infarction (MI), smoking, the degree of white matter hyperintensities, and incidence of stroke were included. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, two independent reviewers reviewed the articles and assessed risk of bias. The cardiovascular risk factors of abnormal BMI, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a medical history of MI were significantly associated with iSSNHL. The adjusted hazard ratio of a higher degree of white matter hyperintensities was 0.70 (95% CI 0.44, 1.12). Patients with iSSNHL showed a higher risk of stroke compared to controls, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.22 up to 4.08. Several cardiovascular risk factors are more frequently present in patients with iSSNHL than in the general population. The degree of white matter hyperintensities does not appear to be increased in patients with iSSNHL, while the risk of stroke following ISSNHL is increased. Prospective studies with larger study populations are needed to confirm the associations between generalized cardiovascular disease and iSSNHL and to assess whether these patients benefit from cardiovascular risk management to prevent future cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Hypertension; Hearing Loss, Sudden; Stroke; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Cholesterol; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37557093
DOI: 10.1159/000530686 -
Reproductive Health Feb 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as a first-line treatment for patients with PCOS, there is limited evidence to support preference for a specific dietary composition. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed with the objective of comparing different dietary interventions in terms of positive impact. Metformin, the currently preferred treatment, was also compared.
METHODS
The latest systematic search was performed on the 20th of March, 2023. Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included patients with PCOS and compared the dietary approach with another intervention or a standard diet. Outcomes were expressed via anthropometric measurements and hormonal, glycemic, and lipid levels. The Bayesian method was used to perform a network meta-analysis and to calculate the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values in order to rank the dietary interventions. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.
RESULTS
19 RCTs were identified, comprising data from 727 patients who were variously treated with 10 types of dietary interventions and metformin. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was the most effective in reducing Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (SUCRA 92.33%), fasting blood glucose (SUCRA 85.92%), fasting insulin level (SUCRA 79.73%) and triglyceride level (SUCRA 82.07%). For body mass index (BMI), the most effective intervention was the low-calorie diet (SUCRA 84.59%). For weight loss, the low-calorie diet with metformin (SUCRA 74.38%) was the most effective intervention. Metformin produced the greatest reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SUCRA 78.08%) and total testosterone levels (SUCRA 71.28%). The low-carb diet was the most effective intervention for reducing cholesterol levels (SUCRA 69.68%), while the normal diet (SUCRA 65.69%) ranked first for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
CONCLUSION
Dietary interventions vary in their effects on metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Based on our results, the DASH diet is the most effective dietary intervention for treating PCOS. Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42021282984.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Network Meta-Analysis; Metformin; Diet; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38388374
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01758-5 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Chinese medicine detoxification and dredging collaterals in treating carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). A...
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Chinese medicine detoxification and dredging collaterals in treating carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). A systematic and comprehensive search of nine relevant domestic and international databases were conducted from their inception until June 2022. The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated, and the efficacy and safety were comprehensively analyzed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the research quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted, followed by a meta-analysis of the selected articles. The Cochrane's Bias risk assessment was utilized to evaluate the quality of the evidence. Of the 2,660 studies initially retrieved, 14 studies were included, involving a total of 1,518 patients. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the clinical efficacy of the Detoxification and Collateral Dredging method in the treatment of CAS was superior to that of western medicine treatment alone, and the difference was statistically significant [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.13, 1.34)] Furthermore, carotid intima-media thickness [Mean Difference (MD) = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.13, -0.08)] and Crouse plaque score [MD = -0.54, 95% CI (-0.75, -0.32)] were significantly lower in the Detoxification and Collateral Dredging group compared to the pure western medicine treatment group. The difference was statistically significant. In addition, serum total cholesterol [MD = -0.70, 95% CI (-0.85, -0.55)] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [MD = -0.70, 95% CI (-0.85, -0.55)] were lower in the Detoxification and Collateral Dredging group than in the Western medicine group, with all differences being statistically significant. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in the Detoxification and Collateral Dredging group compared to the pure western medicine group, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = 0.17, 95% CI (0.11, 0.23)]. The use of Chinese medicine Detoxification and Collateral Dredging approach in the treatment of CAS may offer benefits in improving carotid atherosclerotic plaque and reducing blood lipid levels, with a safety profile superior to that of western medicine treatment alone.
PubMed: 38146459
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147964 -
Ophthalmology Science 2024Though lipid and cholesterol dyshomeostasis is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there is no consensus regarding which... (Review)
Review
TOPIC
Though lipid and cholesterol dyshomeostasis is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), there is no consensus regarding which elements of systemic lipid homeostasis are perturbed in AMD. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an update to that performed by Wang et al in 2016, we characterized serum lipoprotein profiles in patients with AMD and its various stages.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These findings may identify novel therapeutic approaches for AMD, a leading cause of blindness among older adults in the industrialized world.
METHODS
We used MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science to identify articles from database inception to May 2022 that reported blood/serum levels of lipid subspecies (triglycerides [TGs], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]) in patients with AMD compared with controls. We meta-analyzed the data by generating multilevel random-effects models using restricted maximum likelihood estimation.
RESULTS
Our updated meta-analysis included 56 studies, almost 3 times as many studies as the 2016 meta-analysis with a total of 308 188 participants. There were no significant differences in serum TG, TC, LDL, or HDL between patients with AMD and non-AMD controls. Given significant heterogeneity, we performed subanalyses specifically in patients with early to intermediate nonexudative AMD, advanced nonexudative AMD, and advanced exudative AMD. Compared with non-AMD controls, patients with early to intermediate nonexudative AMD had significantly lower serum TG (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -0.06 to -0.01) and higher serum HDL (SMD: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Patients with advanced exudative AMD had significantly higher serum LDL (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.04-0.62) compared with non-AMD controls. There were no other significant differences identified.
CONCLUSION
We found that there is significant heterogeneity in systemic lipoproteins in patients with AMD compared with non-AMD controls. The specific pattern of lipid dyshomeostasis appeared to be distinct based on AMD stage. These findings highlight both the underlying heterogeneity of AMD as well as the presence of distinct pathophysiological mechanisms involved at different stages or subtypes of AMD and may inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
PubMed: 37869027
DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100341 -
Medicine Oct 2023This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) in combination with conventional therapies for treating stable angina pectoris (SAP)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) in combination with conventional therapies for treating stable angina pectoris (SAP) through a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for randomized controlled trials investigating the use of TXLC as adjuvant therapy for SAP published up to June 2023. The Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, and publication bias was assessed using Begg test and Egger test in the Stata SE 12.0 software. GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of the evidence.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included 26 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2352 patients. TXLC co-administration demonstrated significant reduction in angina attack frequency (mean difference (MD) -0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.97 to -0.84, P < .00001) and duration (MD -1.71, 95% CI -2.24 to -1.19, P < .00001), decreased use of nitroglycerin tablets (MD -6.28, 95% CI -7.16 to -5.41, P < .00001), lowered C-reactive protein (MD -1.19, 95% CI -1.35 to -1.03, P < .00001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD -0.68, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.51, P < .00001). TXLC co-administration did not increase gastrointestinal reactions (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.38 to 3.57, P = .78). The Begg test and Egger test results indicated no publication bias. The evidence quality was rated as very low for frequency of angina attack, duration of angina attack, and nitroglycerin usage, and low for C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and gastrointestinal reaction events.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis supports TXLC as a beneficial adjunct treatment for SAP.
Topics: Humans; Angina, Stable; Nitroglycerin; C-Reactive Protein; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lipoproteins, LDL; Cholesterol
PubMed: 37832041
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035405 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024To evaluate the effects of behavioral intervention for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The effects of behavioral intervention on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of behavioral intervention for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched, including Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 1 April 2023. Inclusion criteria for this study required a diagnosis of PCOS. Interventions of interest included behavioral intervention and routine treatment compared with routine treatment. The studies included in the analysis were designed as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted meta-analyses following the recommended guidelines. The data was analyzed using either the random effects model or fixed effects model. The results of the studies were expressed as either mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Eight RCTs were identified, including data from 744 patients (415 in the intervention group and 329 in the control group). The results indicate an improvement in the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for weight loss (MD: -1.07; 95% CI: -2.1 to 0.03; I = 0%; P=0.04), body mass index (BMI) (MD: -1.12; 95% CI: -1.92 to -0.33; I = 73%; P=0.006), waist circumference (MD: -3.97; 95% CI: -5.64 to -2.29; I = 0%; P<0.00001), quality of life about weight (MD: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.02; I = 0%; P=0.008), depression (SMD: -1.12; 95% CI: -2.35 to -0.07; I = 92%; P=0.04), and triglycerides (MD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.05; I = 27%; P=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in menstrual cycles, hirsutism, emotions, and infertility. The study also found that behavioral interventions had no significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, testosterone, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1C, and sex hormone binding globulin.
CONCLUSION
Behavioral intervention supplementation contributes to weight loss, reduction in BMI and waist circumference, and improvement in depression among patients with PCOS. However, no significant improvement was observed in the biochemical index and quality of life. The long-term effects of behavioral intervention for PCOS remain unclear due to limitations in the quality of the studies involved and the short duration of treatment.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023442875.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Hirsutism; Insulin Resistance; Quality of Life; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38481448
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1297841 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the lipid profiles in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the lipid profiles in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
METHODS
The literature and relevant reviews were searched for published clinical studies on the relationship between JIA and blood lipid levels. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the risk and methodological value of the included case‒control and cohort studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals were derived for all variables with adequate unprocessed data. This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
In total, 16 studies were incorporated through screening. The analysis findings revealed that the levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD=-0.411, 95% CI (-0.774~-0.048), P = 0.026], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD=-0.528, 95% CI (-0.976~-0.079), P = 0.021], and apolipoprotein A1 [SMD=-1.050, 95% CI (-1.452~-0.647), P = 0.000] in JIA patients were statistically lower than those observed in healthy controls. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [SMD = 0.202, 95% CI (0.003 ~ 0.400), P = 0.046] was significantly higher in JIA patients than in healthy controls. In JIA patients, body mass index [SMD=-0.189, 95% CI (-0.690 ~ 0.311), P = 0.459], high-density lipoprotein [SMD =-1.235, 95% CI (-2.845 ~ 0.374), P = 0.133), low-density lipoprotein [SMD = 0.616, 95% CI (-0.813 ~ 2.046), P = 0.398), triglycerides (SMD = 0.278, 95% CI (-0.182 ~ 0.738), P = 0.236], total cholesterol [SMD=-0.073, 95% CI (-0.438 ~ 0.293), P = 0.696] and apolipoprotein B levels [SMD = 0.226, 95% CI (-0.133 ~ 0.585), P = 0.217] were not significantly different from those in healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes of this meta-analysis suggest that dyslipidemia is common in JIA patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with JIA have a significantly increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease later in life.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Juvenile; Apolipoproteins B; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipoproteins, HDL
PubMed: 37626321
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01885-1 -
PloS One 2024Bempedoic acid, an innovative oral medication, has garnered significant interest in recent times due to its potential as a therapeutic intervention for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Bempedoic acid, an innovative oral medication, has garnered significant interest in recent times due to its potential as a therapeutic intervention for hypercholesterolemia. Nonetheless, the outcomes of the initial investigations might have been more definitive and coherent. Our objective was to perform a quantitative meta-analysis in order to evaluate bempedoic acid's safety and effectiveness.
METHODS
A search was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov, and PubMed from the time of inception until September 28, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing the safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid among patients with statin intolerance and those without were included in our analysis. The trial outcomes were summarized using a random effects model and were provided as mean differences or odds ratios (ORs) with a confidence interval of 95%. Additionally, trial heterogeneity and the possibility of bias were evaluated and investigated.
RESULTS
Bempedoic acid treatment reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels more than placebo (mean difference -2.97%, 95% CI -5.89% to -0.05%), according to a pooled analysis of 16 eligible trials. The risk of death (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.98) and muscle-associated occurrences (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.31) was not impacted by bempedoic acid. In contrast, discontinuation of treatment was more frequently caused by adverse events in the bempedoic acid group (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with statin intolerance as well as those without, bempedoic acid is a safe and efficacious lipid-lowering agent, according to findings from randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Humans; Dicarboxylic Acids; Fatty Acids; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypolipidemic Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38277431
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297854