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Heliyon Aug 2023Hamstring injuries are one of the most common types of damage in sports. Insufficient flexibility and high stiffness are important reasons for it. Stretching is often...
INTRODUCTION
Hamstring injuries are one of the most common types of damage in sports. Insufficient flexibility and high stiffness are important reasons for it. Stretching is often used in warm-up activities before exercises to increase flexibility, among which dynamic stretching (DS) and static stretching (SS) are the most widely used. The effects of these two stretching techniques on the flexibility or stiffness of the hamstring still need to be clarified.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the short-term, medium-term, and long-term effects of DS and SS on improving hamstring flexibility and stiffness via a meta-analysis of RCTs.
METHODS
RCTs were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PEDro from inception to July 28, 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The mean difference and 95% confidence interval of the outcome variables before and after stretching were calculated and the extracted data were quantitatively processed using a random or fixed effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 27 RCTs and 606 participants were included. In terms of improving the ROM of the hamstring, there was no significant difference in the acute (MD, -0.70, 95% CI, -1.54 to 0.14; Z = 1.63, P > 0.05) and sub-acute effects (MD, 1.71, 95% CI, -2.80 to 6.22; Z = 0.74, P > 0.05) between a single bout of SS and DS, while the acute (MD, -5.13, 95% CI, -7.65 to -2.61; Z = 3.99, P < 0.05) and sub-acute effects (MD, -5.30, 95% CI, -6.33 to -4.27; Z = 10.04, P < 0.05) of multiple bouts of SS was superior to DS; There was no significant difference in the medium-term effect between the two stretching techniques (MD, 3.48, 95% CI, -2.57 to 9.53; Z = 1.13, P > 0.05), but the long-term effect of SS was better than DS (MD, - 10.40, 95% CI, -10.97 to -9.83; Z = 35.57, P < 0.05). Regarding the length of the hamstring, the acute (MD, -0.41, 95% CI, -1.09 to 0.26; Z = 1.20, P > 0.05) and sub-acute effects (MD, -0.73, 95% CI, -1.69 to 0.22; Z = 1.51, P > 0.05) of a single bout of DS and SS were similar. Two studies have compared the effects on hamstring stiffness, with one showing similar effects, and the other showed that DS was superior to SS. One study showed no difference in the magnitude of change in improving passive torque. No studies explored the effect of DS and SS on hamstring myofascial length. Only one study demonstrated no significant difference in hamstring thickness.
CONCLUSIONS
A single bout of DS and SS have similar short-term effects in improving hamstring ROM and length, while multiple bouts of SS can significantly improve hamstring ROM compared to DS. DS and SS showed similar effects on hamstring myofascial length.
PubMed: 37560703
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18795 -
Advances in Therapy Dec 2023A systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy, durability and safety of faricimab, used in a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
A systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy, durability and safety of faricimab, used in a Treat & Extend (T&E) regime with intervals up to every 16 weeks (Q16W), relative to other therapies currently in use for treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME). Of particular interest were anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies applied in flexible dosing regimens such as Pro re nata (PRN) and T&E, which are the mainstay in clinical practice.
METHODS
An SLR identifying randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published before August 2021 was conducted, followed by a Bayesian NMA comparing faricimab T&E treatment to aflibercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, dexamethasone and laser therapy. Outcomes included in the analysis were change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), change in central subfield thickness (CST), injection frequency, ocular adverse events (AE) and all-cause discontinuation, all of which were evaluated at 12 months. Subgroup analyses including patients' naïve to anti-VEGF were conducted where feasible.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies identified in the SLR were included in the NMA. Most importantly for decision making in clinical practise, faricimab T&E was associated with a statistically greater (95% credible intervals exclude zero) and clinically meaningful decrease in retinal thickness compared to all other flexible dosing regimens (greater retinal drying by 55-125 microns). Anatomical outcomes determine treatment efficacy and retreatment of patients. The NMA also showed a statistically greater increase in mean change in BCVA for faricimab T&E vs. flexible regimens using ranibizumab and bevacizumab (increase of 4.4-4.8 letters) as well as a numerical improvement vs. aflibercept PRN (two letters, 95% credible intervals including zero). Accordingly, the injection frequency was numerically lower versus other treatments using flexible dosing regimens (decrease by 0.92-1.43 injections). The analyses also indicated that the safety profile of faricimab T&E was comparable to those of ranibizumab and aflibercept, which have well-established safety profiles, with similar results for the number of all-cause discontinuations.
CONCLUSION
Faricimab provides a new treatment option in DME with dual-pathway inhibition of VEGF and angiopoeitin-2 (Ang-2). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first indirect comparison of faricimab T&E in DME. The analyses indicate that faricimab T&E is associated with superior retinal drying along with numerically fewer injections compared to all other treatments given in flexible dosing regimens. It also showed superior visual acuity outcomes compared to ranibizumab and bevacizumab.
Topics: Humans; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Diabetic Retinopathy; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema; Network Meta-Analysis; Ranibizumab; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 37751021
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02675-y -
Medicine Dec 2023A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the overall safety of Faricimab compared with other anti-vascular endothelial growth... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative efficacy and safety of Faricimab and other anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
INTRODUCTION
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the overall safety of Faricimab compared with other anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search of a comprehensive electronic database was performed to identify randomized clinical trials published from January 2013 to January 2023 for Faricimab in AMD and DME. Weighted mean differences and risk ratios were used to integrate the different studies.
RESULTS
A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1678 AMD patients and 3 RCTs with 20 DME patients were included in the meta-analysis.In patients with AMD, a significant difference was found in the number of injections between Faricimab and other anti-VEGF therapy (MD = -2.42, 95% CI [-3.93 to -0.90], P = .002).No significant difference was found for the change in best corrected visual acuity (BVCA), central subfoveal thickness (CST), and gaining 15 or more letters. Similarly, no significant difference was found for adverse events.In patients with DME, a significant difference was observed for CST (MD = -22.41, 95% CI [-29.95 to -14.86], P < .00001) and the number of injections(MD = -0.93, 95% CI [-1.33 to -0.54], P < .00001). No significant difference was found for BVCA and gaining 15 or more letters, and no significant difference was found for adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Comprehensive evidence confirms that Faricimab achieves non-inferior or even better CST improvement than other anti-VEGF therapies with extended dosing intervals, but more long-term follow-up studies are needed to support our conclusions.
Topics: Antibodies, Bispecific; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Macular Degeneration; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Macular Edema; Diabetes Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38115358
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036370 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is widely present in herbal medicines such as , , and Catsiatora Linn and is used in traditional Chinese medicine to...
BACKGROUND
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is widely present in herbal medicines such as , , and Catsiatora Linn and is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat metabolic bone deseases. Animal experiments have shown that resveratrol may have a strong treatment effect against osteoporosis (OP). The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of resveratrol in treating OP animal models based on preclinical research data.
METHODS
This study was completed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from inception to May 8, 2023, to identify animal experiments on the treatment of OP with resveratrol. The effect sizes of bone mineral density (BMD), parameters of micro-CT, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were expressed as the mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included a total of 15 animal experiments, including 438 OP rats. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, resveratrol (<10, 10-25, 40-50, ≥ 60 mg/kg/day) significantly increased femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in OP rats ( < 0.05). Resveratrol (<10 mg/kg/day) significantly increased the BMD of the total body (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.01, < 0.001). In terms of improving the parameters related to micro-CT, resveratrol (40-50 mg/kg/day) can increase trabecular thickness and trabecular number and reduce trabecular spacing ( < 0.05). Compared with the control group, resveratrol can reduce the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in serum but has no significant effect on serum ALP and osteocalcin ( > 0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that resveratrol increased the whole-body BMD of SD rats ( = 0.002) but did not improve the whole-body BMD of 3-month-old rats ( = 0.17).
CONCLUSION
Resveratrol can increase BMD in OP rat models, and its mechanism of action may be related to improving bone microstructure and regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The clinical efficacy of resveratrol in the treatment of OP deserves further research.
PubMed: 37575330
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1234756 -
Cureus Sep 2023This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze a collection of studies focused on comparing conventional veneers (CVs) and minimal or no-preparation veneers... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze a collection of studies focused on comparing conventional veneers (CVs) and minimal or no-preparation veneers (MPVs) within the domain of prosthodontics. The review sought to explore various attributes, techniques, outcomes, and considerations associated with these two approaches. The key aspects investigated included esthetics, longevity, periodontal health, patient satisfaction, structural influences such as microleakage and marginal fit, cement thickness, and color stability. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Studies meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for review. Studies pertaining to various methodologies were identified initially as part of the strategy and bias assessment was performed to determine the credibility of their assessments before inclusion in this review. Four comparative assessments gleaned from the selected studies provided a comprehensive overview of the strengths and limitations associated with CVs and MPVs. MPVs demonstrated advantages such as enhanced survival rates and extended mean success periods, implying their potential as viable long-term restorative options. Meticulous patient management and optimal preparation techniques emerged as crucial factors influencing successful outcomes. Structural attributes, including microleakage and marginal fit, varied depending on the preparation techniques employed. Moreover, considerations related to color changes in veneers underscored the intricate interplay between material properties and fabrication methods. The insights underscore the significance of patient-centric care, precision preparation methodologies, and material choices in guiding successful outcomes. However, the diverse methodologies and constraints of certain studies warrant careful interpretation. This study accentuates the potential for future research directions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the advancement of evidence-based practices within veneer dentistry.
PubMed: 37799216
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44638 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administration in reducing adhesion recurrence and improving... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administration in reducing adhesion recurrence and improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with intrauterine adhesion (IUA).
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) from inception to February 10, 2023, without any language or regional restrictions. We used random-effects models to assess odds ratios (OR) and weight mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Our meta-analysis included a total of 730 patients from 10 clinical studies (6 RCTs and 4 non-RCTs). The results showed that PRP administration significantly increased endometrial thickness (WMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.40-1.19; P < 0.001; I = 0.0%), menstrual volume (WMD = 2.96, 95% CI = 2.30-3.61; P < 0.001; I = 0.0%), and days of menstruation (WMD = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.86-1.41; P < 0.001; I = 0.0%). Additionally, the clinical pregnancy rate was also improved (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19-2.78; P = 0.006; I = 0.0%). However, there was insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion regarding the effects of PRP on the recurrence rate of moderate to severe IUA, changes in AFS scores, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis confirms that autologous PRP is an effective treatment for IUA. However, the limited sample size suggests that the results should be interpreted with caution. Therefore, larger and well-designed studies are necessary in the future to confirm these findings and explore the optimal PRP dosing regimens further.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023391115.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Uterine Diseases; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Abortion, Spontaneous; Platelet-Rich Plasma
PubMed: 37484965
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1183209 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the visual, anatomical, and safety outcomes of the intravitreal faricimab, a novel vascular endothelial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the visual, anatomical, and safety outcomes of the intravitreal faricimab, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) bispecific agent, in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. The follow-up times in the included studies ranged from a minimum of 36 weeks to a maximum of 52 weeks. EMBASE, Ovid-Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, the WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrial.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) were searched (The last literature search was performed on August 17, 2023) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing faricimab with control groups for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The risk of bias for eligible RCTs was independently assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool by two authors (W.-T.Y. and C.-S.W.). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), total choroidal neovascularization (CNV) area, and total lesion leakage were analyzed as continuous variables and the outcome measurements were reported as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The ocular adverse events and ocular serious adverse events were analyzed as dichotomous variables and the outcome measurements were analyzed as the odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% CI. Random-effects model was used in our study for all outcome synthesizing due to different clinical characteristics. Four RCTs with 1,486 patients were eligible for quantitative analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between intravitreal faricimab and anti-VEGF in BCVA [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.47; 95% CI: (- 0.17, 1.11)]. The intravitreal faricimab group showed numerically lower CST [WMD = - 5.96; 95% CI = (- 7.11, - 4.82)], total CNV area [WMD = - 0.49; 95% CI = (- 0.68, - 0.30)], and total lesion leakage [WMD = - 0.88; 95% CI = (- 1.08, - 0.69)] after intravitreal therapy compared with the intravitreal anti-VEGF group. There were no statistically significant differences between intravitreal faricimab and anti-VEGF in ocular adverse events (AEs) [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% CI = (0.81, 1.49)] and serious adverse events (SAEs) [pooled OR = 0.84; 95% CI = (0.37, 1.90)]. The intravitreal bispecific anti-VEGF/angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) antibody faricimab with a extended injection interval was non-inferior to first-line anti-VEGF agents in BCVA. It was safe and had better anatomical recovery. Large, well-designed RCTs are needed to explore the potential benefit of extended faricimab for nAMD. This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022327450).
Topics: Humans; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Bispecific; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 38291069
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52942-3 -
EClinicalMedicine Sep 2023Previous studies have reported that tafamidis treatment was associated with better outcomes in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) compared with...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that tafamidis treatment was associated with better outcomes in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) compared with those without tafamidis treatment. Therefore, we aimed to systematically assess the association of tafamidis treatment with outcomes in patients with ATTR-CM.
METHODS
The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42022381985). Pubmed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were interrogated to identify studies that evaluated the impact of tafamidis on prognosis in ATTR-CM, from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2023. A random-effects model was used to determine the pooled risk ratio (RR) for the adverse endpoints. In addition, the main outcomes included all-cause death or heart transplantation, the composite endpoints included all-cause death, heart transplantation, cardiac-assist device implantation, heart failure exacerbations, and hospitalization.
FINDINGS
Fifteen studies comprising 2765 patients (mean age 75.9 ± 9.3 years; 83.7% male) with a mean follow-up duration of 18.7 ± 17.1 months were included in the meta-analysis. There was a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (standard mean differences (SMD: -0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.31 to -0.03; = 0.02) but were no significant differences in intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness or global longitudinal strain (GLS) after tafamidis treatment. However, subgroup analysis showed no significant deterioration in LVEF in the patients with wild-type ATTR after tafamidis treatment (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.12, = 0.34). In addition, the group with tafamidis treatment had a decreased risk for all-cause death or heart transplantation compared to patients without treatment (the pooled RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31-0.65; < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference of tafamidis on the outcomes in patients with wild-type or hereditary ATTR (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27-0.73 0.21, 95% CI, 0.11-0.40, = 0.08). Furthermore, tafamidis treatment was associated with a lower risk of the composite endpoint (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.77; < 0.01).
INTERPRETATION
Our findings suggested that there was no significant deterioration in LVEF in the patients with wild-type ATTR after tafamidis treatment. In addition, tafamidis treatment was associated with a low risk of all-cause death and adverse cardiovascular events.
FUNDING
This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province [Grant Number: 23NSFSC4589] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Number: 82202248].
PubMed: 37662524
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102172 -
Heliyon May 2024Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are intellectually rewarding for the discovery of their potential as a source of functional food. Investigating the economic and beauty sector dynamics, this study conducted a comprehensive review of scholarly articles to evaluate the capacity of probiotics to promote hair growth and manage dandruff.
METHODS
We used the PRISMA 2020 with Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and ICTRP databases to investigate studies till May 2023. Meta-analyses utilizing the random effects model were used with odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMD).
RESULT
Meta-analysis comprised eight randomized clinical trials and preclinical studies. Hair growth analysis found a non-significant improvement in hair count (SMD = 0.32, 95 % CI -0.10 to 0.75) and a significant effect on thickness (SMD = 0.92, 95 % CI 0.47 to 1.36). In preclinical studies, probiotics significantly induced hair follicle count (SMD = 3.24, 95 % CI 0.65 to 5.82) and skin thickness (SMD = 2.32, 95 % CI 0.47 to 4.17). VEGF levels increased significantly (SMD = 2.97, 95 % CI 0.80 to 5.13), while IGF-1 showed a non-significant inducement (SMD = 0.53, 95 % CI -4.40 to 5.45). For dandruff control, two studies demonstrated non-significant improvement in adherent dandruff (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI 0.13-13.65) and a significant increase in free dandruff (OR = 5.39, 95 % CI 1.50-19.43). Hair follicle count, VEGF, IGF-1, and adherent dandruff parameters were recorded with high heterogeneity. For the systematic review, probiotics have shown potential in improving hair growth and controlling dandruff through modulation of the immune pathway and gut-hair axis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, IGF-1 pathway, and VEGF are key molecular pathways in regulating hair follicle growth and maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS
This review found significant aspects exemplified by the properties of probiotics related to promoting hair growth and anti-dandruff effect, which serve as a roadmap for further in-depth studies to make it into pilot scales.
PubMed: 38698995
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29539 -
Molecular Psychiatry Feb 2024Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Abnormal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) have been reported in participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study aims to reveal the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) in retinal parameters on OCT and ERG among participants with SSDs and healthy controls and their association with demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
METHODS
Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PSYNDEX, we searched the literature from inception to March 31, 2023, using specific search terms. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202235795) and conducted according to PRISMA 2020.
RESULTS
We included 65 studies in the systematic review and 44 in the meta-analysis. Participants with SSDs showed thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer- inner plexiform cell layer, and retinal thickness in all other segments of the macula. A meta-analysis of studies that excluded SSD participants with diabetes and hypertension showed no change in results, except for pRNFL inferior and nasal thickness. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the pooled SMD of pRNFL temporal thickness between the left and right eyes. Meta-regression analysis revealed an association between retinal thinning and duration of illness, positive and negative symptoms. In OCT angiography, no differences were found in the foveal avascular zone and superficial layer foveal vessel density between SSD participants and controls. In flash ERG, the meta-analysis showed reduced amplitude of both a- and b-waves under photopic and scotopic conditions in SSD participants. Furthermore, the latency of photopic a-wave was significantly shorter in SSD participants in comparison with HCs.
DISCUSSION
Considering the prior report of retinal thinning in unaffected first-degree relatives and the results of the meta-analysis, the findings suggest that retinal changes in SSDs have both trait and state aspects. Future longitudinal multimodal retinal imaging studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes and to clarify their utility in individual patient monitoring efforts.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Electroretinography; Schizophrenia; Retina; Biomarkers; Male; Adult; Female; Nerve Fibers
PubMed: 38081943
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02340-4