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BMJ Open Mar 2024Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience comorbidities involving metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, this association remains controversial. Our... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may experience comorbidities involving metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, this association remains controversial. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of MetS in patients with IBD and assess whether MetS is more strongly associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD).
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from their inception to July 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Observational studies reporting data regarding the rate of comorbid MetS among patients with IBD and published in English.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines were followed. Pooled prevalence, ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist were used. Heterogeneity, sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed using R (V.4.2.1).
RESULTS
11 eligible studies involving 2501 patients were included. Of these studies, four reported MetS prevalence separately by IBD phenotype, and only one contained a non-IBD comparison group. Overall, the methodological quality of the included studies was moderate. The pooled prevalence of MetS in IBD was 19.4% (95% CI 15.1% to 23.8%), with a moderate heterogeneity (I=51.8%, Cochrane Q statistic=12.4, p=0.053). Stratified analyses demonstrated that the aggregate estimate of comorbid MetS was significantly higher in UC than in CD (38.2% vs 13.6%, χ=4.88, p=0.03). We found a positive association between MetS and UC compared with CD (OR=2.11, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.74, p=0.01). Additionally, four studies identified that higher age was a risk factor associated with the development of MetS.
CONCLUSIONS
MetS is not rare in IBD, especially in UC. However, longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between IBD and MetS.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022346340.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Crohn Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative
PubMed: 38453206
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074659 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Altered levels of heavy metals and essential elements have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic and hormonal changes in women with polycystic ovary... (Review)
Review
Altered levels of heavy metals and essential elements have been associated with oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic and hormonal changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to summarize the knowledge on the association of heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS. An electronic literature search using PubMed for studies published between January 2008 and April 2023 was conducted. We evaluated heavy metals and essential elements in relation to OS in PCOS in 15 articles. PCOS women had increased antimonium (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl) and osmium (Os) blood levels and decreased zinc (Zn) blood levels; the results of copper (Cu) blood levels were conflicting. Some studies showed a significant correlation between heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Te and Tl) and essential elements (Se, Zn, Cr, Ca, Mg and Cu) and markers of OS and chronic inflammation. Heavy metals (Sb, Cd, Pb and Hg) and essential elements (Zn, Cr, Se, Ca, Mg and Cu) were associated with metabolic and hormonal characteristics in PCOS. There might be a possible benefit from supplementation therapy in reducing OS and endocrinological problems related to PCOS. Our review confirmed an association between heavy metals and essential elements with OS in PCOS women. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42023418453.
PubMed: 37507937
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071398 -
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive... Apr 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among reproductive-age women. As a leading cause of anovulatory infertility, it complicates...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among reproductive-age women. As a leading cause of anovulatory infertility, it complicates fertility treatments, including in vitro fertilization. The widely accepted 2003 Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for PCOS include sub-phenotypes based on variations in androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. In this systematic review, we examined the impacts of inositol and vitamin D on fertility in PCOS. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, we used relevant keywords to comprehensively search databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and MDPI. From an initial pool of 345 articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria. The articles suggest that vitamin D and inositol, particularly myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, may represent therapeutic options for PCOS. Vitamin D influences ovarian follicular development, glucose regulation, and insulin sensitivity. When combined with metformin therapy, it is associated with improved menstrual regularity and ovulation. Inositol is crucial for cellular signaling, energy metabolism, glucose regulation, and fertility. This systematic review underscores the importance of investigating inositol and vitamin D within a PCOS management strategy, given the disorder's prevalence and impacts on fertility and metabolic health. Although these agents show promise, additional research could clarify their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits. This review emphasizes the need for exploration of effective treatments to improve the quality of life among individuals with PCOS. Inositol and vitamin D represent potential options, but more studies are required to elucidate their roles in the management of this condition.
PubMed: 38599886
DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06485 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has the largest global burden of all noncommunicable diseases. Owing to the clinical heterogeneity of MetS, wide variations have been reported... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has the largest global burden of all noncommunicable diseases. Owing to the clinical heterogeneity of MetS, wide variations have been reported in the efficacy of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and intermittent fasting (IF) for improving MetS. We searched five databases for randomized controlled trials published through December 2021, and 372 participants from 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with MVPA alone, IF combined with MVPA had a more significant effect on improving body mass and levels of fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; however, it was ineffective in improving triglycerides level, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Subgroup analysis showed that, except for blood pressure, time-restricted fasting combined with MVPA had a better effect than alternate-day fasting with MVPA. Meanwhile, when the intervention lasted longer than 8 weeks, the effect of the combined intervention was significantly better than that of MVPA alone. This finding provides a basis for clinicians to manage the health of overweight individuals. This study also showed that Caucasians may be more suitable for the combined intervention than Asians. And the combined intervention may provide a preventive effect for MetS risk factors in healthy populations, although this may be due to the small sample size. In general, this study provides a novel perspective on special interventions for MetS traits.
PubMed: 37521969
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1133614 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effect of caper fruit on the modulation of glycemic, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of caper fruit (Capparis spinosa L.) consumption on liver enzymes, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, and weight loss. A systematic review and a preliminary meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effect of caper fruit on the modulation of glycemic, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies in the last 10 years. RCTs with caper fruit supplementation or consumption in different cohorts of subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Type-2-Diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia were included in this systematic review with a mean intervention duration from 2 to 12 weeks. The outcomes measured in this meta-analysis were liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the lipid profile represented by triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) with LDL and HDL and also, weight, and fasting blood glucose. Five randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 178 adults, were included. According to the results, caper fruit seems to decrease liver enzymes ALT -12.29 U/L [-24.47, -0.11], AST -2.20 U/L [-4.70, 0.31]. Furthermore, the lipid profile seems to improve with a decrease in triglycerides. -11.89 mg/dL [-33.73, 9.95], LDL -4.80 mg/dL [-16.34, 6.74], HDL 0.72 mg/dL [0.10, 1.34], total cholesterol -7.83 mg/dL [-20.04, 4.38], FPG -17.93 [-42.66, 6.79], weight -1.00 kg [-1.44, -0.56]. Significant modulations were found only for ALT, HDL, and weight. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed the paucity of data available on the topic while showing the potential role of caper fruit as a promising food for improving the liver-lipid profile axis in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Blood Glucose; Capparis; Metabolic Syndrome; Fruit; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Weight Loss; Triglycerides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cholesterol; Fasting
PubMed: 37806093
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115638 -
Reproductive Health Feb 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women, characterised by reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. While dietary approaches have been evaluated as a first-line treatment for patients with PCOS, there is limited evidence to support preference for a specific dietary composition. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed with the objective of comparing different dietary interventions in terms of positive impact. Metformin, the currently preferred treatment, was also compared.
METHODS
The latest systematic search was performed on the 20th of March, 2023. Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included patients with PCOS and compared the dietary approach with another intervention or a standard diet. Outcomes were expressed via anthropometric measurements and hormonal, glycemic, and lipid levels. The Bayesian method was used to perform a network meta-analysis and to calculate the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values in order to rank the dietary interventions. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.
RESULTS
19 RCTs were identified, comprising data from 727 patients who were variously treated with 10 types of dietary interventions and metformin. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was the most effective in reducing Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (SUCRA 92.33%), fasting blood glucose (SUCRA 85.92%), fasting insulin level (SUCRA 79.73%) and triglyceride level (SUCRA 82.07%). For body mass index (BMI), the most effective intervention was the low-calorie diet (SUCRA 84.59%). For weight loss, the low-calorie diet with metformin (SUCRA 74.38%) was the most effective intervention. Metformin produced the greatest reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SUCRA 78.08%) and total testosterone levels (SUCRA 71.28%). The low-carb diet was the most effective intervention for reducing cholesterol levels (SUCRA 69.68%), while the normal diet (SUCRA 65.69%) ranked first for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
CONCLUSION
Dietary interventions vary in their effects on metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Based on our results, the DASH diet is the most effective dietary intervention for treating PCOS. Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42021282984.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Network Meta-Analysis; Metformin; Diet; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38388374
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01758-5 -
AIMS Public Health 2024The increasing lifespan of women and their extended time spent in menopause pose significant challenges for health care systems, primarily due to the impacts of... (Review)
Review
The increasing lifespan of women and their extended time spent in menopause pose significant challenges for health care systems, primarily due to the impacts of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and aging on health. Menopause's onset is linked to a heightened prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Diet is particularly relevant during menopause given its impact on quality of life and longevity and its modifiability. Because the Mediterranean diet is currently regarded as one of the healthiest dietary models in the world, the aim of this systematic review was to assess current evidence regarding the effectiveness of studies on the Mediterranean diet as an intervention for menopausal women. A systematic review of intervention-based studies involving the Mediterranean diet among menopausal women was performed in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The results of seven that met the inclusion criteria suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet can have beneficial impacts on menopausal women's health, including reductions in weight, blood pressure, blood ω6: ω3 ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Those results seem to be relevant for public health interventions aimed at improving menopausal women's quality of life.
PubMed: 38617417
DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024005 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Mango and its by-products have traditional medicinal uses. They contain diverse bioactive compounds offering numerous health benefits, including cardioprotective and... (Review)
Review
Mango and its by-products have traditional medicinal uses. They contain diverse bioactive compounds offering numerous health benefits, including cardioprotective and metabolic properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mango fruit and its by-products on human health, emphasizing its metabolic syndrome components. PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched following PRISMA guidelines, and the COCHRANE handbook was utilized to assess bias risks. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown several benefits of mango and its by-products. For this systematic review, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The collective findings indicated that the utilization of mango in various forms-ranging from fresh mango slices and mango puree to mango by-products, mango leaf extract, fruit powder, and mangiferin-yielded many favorable effects. These encompassed enhancements in glycemic control and improvements in plasma lipid profiles. Additionally, mango reduces food intake, elevates mood scores, augments physical performance during exercise, improves endothelial function, and decreases the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Utilizing mango by-products supports the demand for healthier products. This approach also aids in environmental conservation. Furthermore, the development of mango-derived nanomedicines aligns with sustainable goals and offers innovative solutions for healthcare challenges whilst being environmentally conscious.
PubMed: 38137871
DOI: 10.3390/life13122270 -
Nutrition & Diabetes Feb 2024The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, but no systematic meta-analyses have yet summarised the effects of HPDs on PCOS. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2023, and studies comparing the effects of HPDs and other diets on the anthropometrics, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles for PCOS were identified. Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration tool. Eight trials involving 300 women with PCOS were included. Compared with isocaloric balanced diets (BDs), HPDs significantly reduced fasting insulin (-2.69 μIU/mL, 95% CI [-3.81, -1.57], P < 0.0001, I = 46%) and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-0.41, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.02], P = 0.04, I = 94%) in women with PCOS. However, HPDs and BDs had comparable effects on weight loss, abdominal adiposity, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormones (all P ≥ 0.05). HPDs may benefit women with PCOS in terms of improving insulin resistance, supporting for their use as one of the dietary management options for PCOS, however further RCTs in larger and broader settings are required to confirm these observations and investigate the mechanism behind it.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Insulin; Diet, High-Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38424054
DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00263-9 -
Endocrine May 2024To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to February 22, 2023. Publications from prospective studies were included if they provided data on baseline MetS status or one of its components and assessed the incidence of thyroid disorders over time. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for developing thyroid disorders.
RESULTS
After full-text screening of 2927 articles, seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Two of these studies assessed MetS as an exposure (N = 71,727) and were included in our meta-analysis. The association between MetS at baseline and incidence of overt hypothyroidism at follow-up yielded an OR of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.16 for two studies, I = 0%). Pooled analysis was not possible for subclinical hypothyroidism, due to large heterogeneity (I = 92.3%), nor for hyperthyroidism, as only one study assessed this association. We found evidence of an increased risk of overt (RR: 3.10 (1.56-4.64, I = 0%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (RR 1.50 (1.05-1.94), I = 0%) in individuals with obesity at baseline. There was a lower odds of developing overt hyperthyroidism in individuals with prediabetes at baseline (OR: 0.68 (0.47-0.98), I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to draw firm conclusions regarding the association between MetS and the incidence of thyroid disorders due to the limited number of available studies and the presence of important heterogeneity in reporting results. However, we did find an association between obesity at baseline and incidence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Incidence; Thyroid Diseases; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 37688711
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03503-7