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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which manifests with progressive cognitive impairment, leading to dementia. Considering the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which manifests with progressive cognitive impairment, leading to dementia. Considering the noninvasive collection of saliva, we designed the systematic review to answer the question "Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease?" Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Potential biomarkers include mainly proteins, metabolites and even miRNAs. Based on meta-analysis, in AD patients, salivary levels of beta-amyloid42 and p-tau levels were significantly increased, and t-tau and lactoferrin were decreased at borderline statistical significance. However, according to pooled AUC, lactoferrin and beta-amyloid42 showed a significant predictive value for salivary-based AD diagnosis. In conclusion, potential markers such as beta-amyloid42, tau and lactoferrin can be detected in the saliva of AD patients, which could reliably support the early diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Lactoferrin; MicroRNAs; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38256241
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021168 -
Cureus Aug 2023Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer with several risk factors. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles generated by the fusion of... (Review)
Review
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer with several risk factors. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles generated by the fusion of multivesicular structures with the cell membrane and play an important role as intercellular messengers. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA and regulates post-transcriptional modification. The present systematic review aims to identify and correlate the possible association and role of circulating exosomes with OSCC. Using the search strategy, articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria, published between January 2012 to March 2022, were retrieved from online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. About 904 articles were found using an electronic database and a human search. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 614 studies were eliminated, and duplicate articles were removed. Five studies were included in this systematic review. Circulating exosomal expression of miRNA27, miRNA 21, and miRNA 155 showed significant upregulation in OSCC patients. Circulating exosomes could be potential biomarkers to be used in the detection of patients with OSCC. More studies are warranted in this area to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OSCC and the function of molecular markers from circulating exosomes. Understanding the role of molecular markers from circulating exosomes in pathogenesis will provide a better understanding of the development of the disease, necessitating more study in this area. According to this review, circulating exosomes might be a potential approach to the identification of OSCC.
PubMed: 37692575
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43235 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Obesity; Adipose Tissue; Adipokines; MicroRNAs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Inflammation Mediators; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 38731880
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Structural or post-traumatic epilepsy often develops after brain tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, infectious diseases of the brain, etc. Most... (Review)
Review
Structural or post-traumatic epilepsy often develops after brain tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, infectious diseases of the brain, etc. Most often, between the initiating event and epilepsy, there is a period without seizures-a latent period. At this time, the process of restructuring of neural networks begins, leading to the formation of epileptiform activity, called epileptogenesis. The prediction of the development of the epileptogenic process is currently an urgent and difficult task. MicroRNAs are inexpensive and minimally invasive biomarkers of biological and pathological processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of microRNAs to detect the risk of epileptogenesis. In this study, we conducted a systematic search on the MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science platforms. We analyzed publications that studied the aberrant expression of circulating microRNAs in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke in order to search for microRNAs-potential biomarkers for predicting epileptogenesis. Thus, 31 manuscripts examining biomarkers of epilepsy, 19 manuscripts examining biomarkers of traumatic brain injury, and 48 manuscripts examining biomarkers of ischemic stroke based on circulating miRNAs were analyzed. Three miRNAs were studied: miR-21, miR-181a, and miR-155. The findings showed that miR-21 and miR-155 are associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, and miR-181a is associated with protein modifications. These miRNAs are not strictly specific, but they are involved in processes that may be indirectly associated with epileptogenesis. Also, these microRNAs may be of interest when they are studied in a cohort with each other and with other microRNAs. To further study the microRNA-based biomarkers of epileptogenesis, many factors must be taken into account: the time of sampling, the type of biological fluid, and other nuances. Currently, there is a need for more in-depth and prolonged studies of epileptogenesis.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Epilepsy; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Biomarkers; Circulating MicroRNA; Ischemic Stroke
PubMed: 37895044
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015366 -
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Oct 2023Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, affecting about 14% of the population. Importantly, it was indicated as the second cause of disability globally and the... (Review)
Review
Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, affecting about 14% of the population. Importantly, it was indicated as the second cause of disability globally and the leading cause among young women. Despite the widespread prevalence, migraine remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The possible solution may be microRNAs-small, non-coding molecules. Until now, multiple studies have shown the great value of microRNA in both the diagnosis and treatment of different human diseases. Furthermore, a significant role in neurological disorders has been suggested. Little research regarding the utility of microRNA in migraine has been conducted, however, the results so far appear to be promising. We performed an electronic article search through PubMed and Embase Database to further explore the topic. After the analysis, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we included 21 studies. The dysregulation was observed in migraine in general, as well as in different types and phases; thus, miRNAs emerge as promising diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, some studies showed the influence of the intervention with miRNA levels on neuroinflammation and the expression of peptides, which are crucial in migraine pathogenesis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in migraine and encourage to further research in this field.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.I checked and confirm.
Topics: Humans; Female; MicroRNAs; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 37432603
DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01387-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms. Fetal microchimerism, where fetal cells persist within maternal... (Review)
Review
Preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms. Fetal microchimerism, where fetal cells persist within maternal tissues and in circulation, acts as a mechanistic link between placental dysfunction and maternal complications in the two-stage model of preeclampsia. Hormones, complements, and cytokines play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology, influencing immune responses, arterial remodeling, and endothelial function. Also, soluble HLA-G, involved in maternal-fetal immune tolerance, is reduced in preeclampsia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-α) dysregulation leads to placental abnormalities and preeclampsia-like symptoms. Alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), endothelins (ETs), chemokines, and cytokines contribute to defective trophoblast invasion, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Preeclampsia's genetic complexity includes circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. CircRNA_06354 is linked to early-onset preeclampsia by influencing trophoblast invasion via the hsa-miR-92a-3p/VEGF-A pathway. The dysregulation of C19MC, especially miR-519d and miR-517-5p, affects trophoblast function. Additionally, lncRNAs like IGFBP1 and EGFR-AS1, along with protein-coding genes, impact trophoblast regulation and angiogenesis, influencing both preeclampsia and fetal growth. Besides aberrations in CD31+ cells, other potential biomarkers such as MMPs, soluble HLA-G, and hCG hold promise for predicting preeclampsia and its complications. Therapeutic interventions targeting factors such as peroxisome PPAR-γ and endothelin receptors show potential in mitigating preeclampsia-related complications. In conclusion, preeclampsia is a complex disorder with a multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. Fetal microchimerism, hormones, complements, and cytokines contribute to placental and endothelial dysfunction with inflammation. Identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets offers promise for early diagnosis and effective management, ultimately reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, further research is warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice and enhance outcomes for at-risk women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Biomarkers; Hormones; MicroRNAs; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Trophoblasts
PubMed: 38674114
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084532 -
Epigenetics Dec 2023Most pregnancy complications originate with early placentation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in placentation and function as biomarkers of future...
Most pregnancy complications originate with early placentation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in placentation and function as biomarkers of future pregnancy complications. We summarized from the literature all first trimester circulating miRNAs associated with pregnancy complications of placental origin and further identified the miRNAs which have the most evidence as potential early biomarkers for pregnancy complications. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA reporting guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020183421). We identified all first trimester serum or plasma miRNAs associated with a pregnancy complication of placental origin (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestational hypertension, preterm delivery) and the number of times those miRNAs were identified, as a measure of replication. Twenty-one studies examined 118 unique miRNAs, and 87 were associated with at least one pregnancy complication; preeclampsia was the most common. Seven miRNAs were significantly associated with a pregnancy complication in at least two studies: miR-125b, miR-518b, miR-628-3p, miR-365a-3p, miR-520h, miR-374a-5p, miR-191-5p. Few miRNAs were associated with more than one pregnancy complication: miR-518b and miR-520h with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, miR-374a-5p and miR-191-5p with preterm birth and preeclampsia. Our systematic review suggests seven miRNAs as potential biomarkers of pregnancy complications. These complications are thought to originate with early placental defects and these miRNAs may also be biomarkers of placental pathology. First-trimester biomarkers of pregnancy complications can facilitate early detection and interventions.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pre-Eclampsia; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Circulating MicroRNA; Placenta; Premature Birth; DNA Methylation; MicroRNAs; Pregnancy Complications; Placentation; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36503407
DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2152615 -
Environmental Research Mar 2024Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals characterized by their environmental persistence. Evidence suggests that exposure to POPs, which is ubiquitous, is... (Review)
Review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dysregulation of MicroRNA expression in humans and animals-A systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals characterized by their environmental persistence. Evidence suggests that exposure to POPs, which is ubiquitous, is associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. miRNA are key regulators in many physiological processes. It is thus of public health concern to understand the relationships between POPs and miRNA as related to health outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review evaluated the relationship between widely recognized, intentionally manufactured, POPs, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB]), with miRNA expression in both human and animal studies.
METHODS
We used PubMed and Embase to systematically search the literature up to September 29th, 2023. Search results for human and animal studies were included if they incorporated at least one POP of interest in relation to at least one miRNA. Data were synthesized to determine the direction and significance of associations between POPs and miRNA. We utilized ingenuity pathway analysis to review disease pathways for miRNA that were associated with POPs.
RESULTS
Our search identified 38 eligible studies: 9 in humans and 29 in model organisms. PFAS were associated with decreased expression of miR-19, miR-193b, and miR-92b, as well as increased expression of miR-128, miR-199a-3p, and miR-26b across species. PCBs were associated with increased expression of miR-15a, miR-1537, miR-21, miR-22-3p, miR-223, miR-30b, and miR-34a, as well as decreased expression of miR-130a and let-7b in both humans and animals. Pathway analysis for POP-associated miRNA identified pathways related to carcinogenesis.
DISCUSSION
This is the first systematic review of the association of POPs with miRNA in humans and model organisms. Large-scale prospective human studies are warranted to examine the role of miRNA as mediators between POPs and health outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Prospective Studies; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Environmental Pollutants; Pesticides; MicroRNAs; Fluorocarbons
PubMed: 38056610
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117832 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2023In recent years, more and more studies have shown that microRNA-29a (miRNA-29a) can be used as a potential biomarker for active tuberculosis, but the results of these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, more and more studies have shown that microRNA-29a (miRNA-29a) can be used as a potential biomarker for active tuberculosis, but the results of these studies are not consistent.
OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively evaluate the value of miRNA-29a in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis by meta-analysis.
METHODS
The databases of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Studies were screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. QUADAS-2 scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Data were extracted and analyzed by Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 16.0 software.
RESULTS
13 articles were included, including a total of 1598 subjects, including 872 active tuberculosis patients and 726 controls. The combined sensitivity and specificity of miRNA-29a in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis were 78 % and 76 %, respectively, and the area under the overall summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8564.
CONCLUSION
miRNA-29a can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Biomarkers; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 37837919
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100290 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB).
METHODS
Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively.
RESULTS
After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%.
CONCLUSION
miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Biomarkers; Latent Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38622570
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09232-0