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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are... (Review)
Review
: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are associated with reducing cariogenic pathogens and protecting against periodontal diseases, although the exact way they function in the mouth is not fully clear. Our study aimed to explore the use of PBs to improve oral health, focusing on issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, mucositis, and periimplantitis. : We utilized the Boolean keywords "Probiotics" AND "Oral health" to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was restricted to English-language papers published from 1 January 2019 to 13 April 2023. : A total of 3460 articles were found through our computerized search. After removing duplicates, reviewing the papers, and determining their relevance, 12 were selected for inclusion. : Assessing how bacteria in food or dietary supplements might alter the stable oral microbiota is a complex task. Although probiotic microorganisms have been found to have proven therapeutic benefits, their application in dental health is not yet solidly backed by evidence. Further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the long-term effects of probiotic bacteria on the oral environment, including their ability to colonize and form biofilms.
PubMed: 37765121
DOI: 10.3390/ph16091313 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection May 2024Bacteria commonly adhere to surfaces and produce polymeric material to encase the attached cells to form communities called biofilms. Within these biofilms, bacteria can... (Review)
Review
Bacteria commonly adhere to surfaces and produce polymeric material to encase the attached cells to form communities called biofilms. Within these biofilms, bacteria can appear to be many times more resistant to antibiotics or disinfectants. This systematic review explores the prevalence and microbial profile associated with biofilm production of bacteria isolated from endotracheal tubes and its associations with antimicrobial resistance. A comprehensive search was performed on databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022. The relevant articles were exported to Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8 and screened by title and abstract, followed by full text screening based on the eligibility criteria of the study. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) customized for cross-sectional studies. Furthermore, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-producers isolated from endotracheal tube specimens was investigated. Twenty studies encompassing 981 endotracheal tubes met the eligibility criteria. Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were predominant isolates among the biofilm producers. These biofilms provided strong resistance against commonly used antibiotics. The highest resistance rate observed in Pseudomonas spp. was against fluoroquinolones whereas the least resistance was seen against piperacillin-tazobactam. A similar trend of susceptibility was observed in Acinetobacter spp. with a very high resistance rate against fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. In conclusion, endotracheal tubes were associated with colonization by biofilm forming bacteria with varying levels of antimicrobial resistance. Biofilms may promote the occurrence of recalcitrant infections in endotracheal tubes which need to be managed with appropriate protocols and antimicrobial stewardship. Research focus should shift towards meticulous exploration of biofilm-associated infections to improve detection and management.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria
PubMed: 38522561
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.03.004 -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 2023Bacteriophages (phages) are very promising biological agents for the prevention and control of bacterial biofilms. However, little is known about the parameters that can... (Review)
Review
Bacteriophages (phages) are very promising biological agents for the prevention and control of bacterial biofilms. However, little is known about the parameters that can influence the efficacy of phages on biofilms. This systematic review provides a summary and analysis of the published data about the use of phages to control pre-formed biofilms in vitro, suggesting recommendations for future experiments in this area. A total of 68 articles, containing data on 605 experiments addressing the efficacy of phages to control biofilms in vitro were included, after a search conducted in Web of Science, Embase, and Medline (PubMed). The data collected from each experiment included information about biofilm growth conditions, phage characteristics, treatment conditions and biofilm reduction. In most cases, biofilms were formed in the surface of microtiter plates (82.5%); the median time for biofilm formation was 24 h, as is the median treatment duration. Quantification of biofilm biomass (52.6%), viable cells (25.5%) and metabolic activity (17.9%) were the most common biofilm assessment methods. Correlation analysis revealed that some phage parameters can influence the treatment outcome: higher phage concentrations were strongly associated with improved biofilm control, leading to higher levels of biofilm reduction, and phages with higher burst sizes and shorter latent periods seem to be the best candidates to control biofilms in vitro. However, the great variability of the methodologies used prompts the need for the development of standardized in vitro methodologies to characterize phage/biofilm interactions and to assess the efficacy of phages to control biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriophages; Biofilms
PubMed: 37407800
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04638-1 -
Biofilm Jun 2024Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may... (Review)
Review
Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may prevent biofilm formation or disperse established biofilms without compromising the microbial homeostasis in the mouth. This study reviewed whether treatment with mutanase and/or dextranase inhibits cariogenic biofilm growth and/or removes cariogenic biofilms . An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LIVIVO databases. Manual searches were performed to identify additional records. Studies that quantitatively measured the effect of mutanase and/or dextranase on the inhibition/removal of cariogenic biofilms were considered eligible for inclusion. Out of 809 screened records, 34 articles investigating the effect of dextranase (n = 23), mutanase (n = 10), and/or combined enzyme treatment (n = 7) were included in the review. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was moderate. Most investigations used simple biofilm models based on one or few bacterial species and employed treatment times ≥30 min. The current evidence suggests that mutanase and dextranase, applied as single or combined treatment, are able to both inhibit and remove cariogenic biofilms. The pooled data indicate that enzymes are more effective for biofilm inhibition than removal, and an overall higher effect of mutanase compared to dextranase was observed.
PubMed: 38846328
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100202 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023, a fungal pathogen first reported in 2009, has shown strong resistance to azole antifungal drugs and has caused severe nosocomial outbreaks. It can also form biofilms,...
INTRODUCTION
, a fungal pathogen first reported in 2009, has shown strong resistance to azole antifungal drugs and has caused severe nosocomial outbreaks. It can also form biofilms, which can colonize patients' skin and transmit to others. Despite numerous reports of isolation in various countries, many studies have reported contradictory results.
METHOD
A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to summarize research trends and provide guidance for future research on controlling infection. The analysis revealed that the United States and the US CDC were the most influential countries and research institutions, respectively. For the researchers, Jacques F. Meis published the highest amount of related articles, and Anastasia P. Litvintseva's articles with the highest average citation rate. The most cited publications focused on clade classification, accurate identification technologies, nosocomial outbreaks, drug resistance, and biofilm formation. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that the top five highest frequencies were for 'drug resistance,' 'antifungal susceptibility test,' 'infection,' '' and 'identification.' The high-frequency keywords clustered into four groups: rapid and precise identification, drug resistance research, pathogenicity, and nosocomial transmission epidemiology studies. These clusters represent different study fields and current research hotspots of .
CONCLUSION
The bibliometric analysis identified the most influential country, research institution, and researcher, indicating current research trends and hotspots for controlling
PubMed: 38125576
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287003 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Feb 2024To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effectiveness of mechanical and chemical decontamination methods for the treatment of dental implant surfaces affected by peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently eliminate bacterial biofilms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2022. The search strategy followed the PICOS format and included only in vitro studies completed on either dental implant or titanium disk samples. The assessed outcome variable consisted of the most effective method(s)-chemical or mechanical- removing bacterial biofilm from titanium surfaces. A meta-analysis was conducted, and data was summarized through single- and multi-level random effects model (p < .05).
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 5260 articles after the removal of duplicates. After assessment by title, abstract, and full-text review, a total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Different decontamination methods were assessed, including both mechanical and chemical, with the most common method across studies being chlorhexidine (CHX). Significant heterogeneity was noted across the included studies. The meta-analyses only identified a significant difference in biofilm reduction when CHX treatment was compared against PBS. The remaining comparisons did not identify significant differences between the various decontamination methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results do not demonstrate that one method of decontamination is superior in eliminating bacterial biofilm from titanium disk and implant surfaces.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Dental Implants; Titanium; Decontamination; Chlorhexidine; Bacteria
PubMed: 38345466
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.839 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Oct 2023Oral infection is a common clinical symptom. While antibiotics are widely employed as the primary treatment for oral diseases, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria... (Review)
Review
Oral infection is a common clinical symptom. While antibiotics are widely employed as the primary treatment for oral diseases, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. One such modality is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which utilizes light and photosensitizers. Indeed, aPDT has been used alone or in combination with other treatment options dealing with periodontal disease for the elimination of biofilms from bacterial community to achieve bone formation and/or tissue regeneration. In this review article, in addition to factors affecting the efficacy of aPDT, various photosensitizers, the latest technology and perspectives on aPDT are discussed in detail. More importantly, the article emphasizes the novel design and clinical applications of photosensitizers, as well as the synergistic effects of chemical and biomolecules with aPDT to achieve the complete eradication of biofilms and even enhance the biological performance of tissues surrounding the treated oral area.
PubMed: 37799910
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.002 -
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2023Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the prevalence of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups and their correlation with biofilm formation among UPEC isolates through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted from 1, 2000, to the end of 2021 in different databases for studies that reported biofilm together with virulence genes or phylogenetic groups in UPEC isolates from patients with UTI according to PRISMA protocol. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive meta-analysis software.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of biofilm formers was 74.7%. The combined prevalence of phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, and D (s) were reported at 19.6%, 11%, 50.7%, and 20.5%, respectively. The most common virulence genes reported worldwide were , , and , with a combined prevalence of 90.3%, 86.6%, and 64.9%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of biofilm formation in UPEC isolates with phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, D, C, and F were 12.4%, 8.7%, 33.7%, 12.4%, 2.6%, and 2.65%, respectively. Several studies showed a correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups.
CONCLUSION
Regarding data obtained, the high level of combined biofilm formation (74.7%) and the presence of a positive correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups as reported by the most studies included in the present review, indicates an important role of biofilm in the persistence of UPEC in the UTI.
PubMed: 38024522
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_637_22 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2024Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque... (Review)
Review
Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque is important to evaluate the denture hygiene of denture wearers, particularly to prevent plaque biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to review and summarize the visual denture hygiene assessment methods using denture plaque indices and with planimetries published in the literature. English language studies published up to March 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, followed by a manual search of Google Scholar by two assessors. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) whenever possible. Details of the visual assessment methods, including the types of denture assessed, its materials and its surfaces, as well as the use of a disclosing agent, were the main outcomes. Of 492 screened studies, 74 were included per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 60 studies utilized various denture plaque indices while 18 used planimetries. 43 out of 60 studies with indices and 17 out of 18 studies with planimetries used disclosing agents for visual evaluation of plaque. A total of 21 indices were described in the included studies, of which seven graded a divided denture surface, while the remainder graded entire denture surface. Of the 18 planimetric assessments, one study quantified squares of the disclosed plaques on denture images, 16 studies quantified such pixels with computer programs, and a single study quantified points, pixels, and contour of plaque areas. In summary, denture plaque indices appear to be popular in denture plaque assessment due to their simplicity. Computerized planimetric assessment, though more time-consuming, provides a more accurate assessment of plaque load as it is less prone to subjectivity and assessor errors.
Topics: Humans; Oral Hygiene; Dental Plaque; Biofilms; Dental Plaque Index; Dentures
PubMed: 37479594
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.010 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... 2023The aim of this systematic review was to assess the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy (N-PDT) on biofilms in the presence of dentin... (Review)
Review
Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy versus photodynamic therapy and conventional disinfection in endodontics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy (N-PDT) on biofilms in the presence of dentin substrate when compared to photodynamic therapy (PDT) and conventional disinfection protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review was registered in Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/GBR3F). Six databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched for English language articles until June 2022. Laboratory studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of N-PDT against biofilm in human or bovine teeth were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects maximum likelihood model.
RESULTS
The search revealed 2804 articles, out of which 9 studies were included in the final review. Seven articles had low RoB and two had moderate RoB. Chitosan and diode laser at 810 nm were the most commonly used nanoparticle and light source, respectively. The meta-analysis of bacterial reduction log and percentage reduction revealed that N-PDT had better antimicrobial efficacy than the control group. When the bacterial reduction log of N-PDT was compared with PDT, PDT performed better N-PDT, and for percentage reduction, there was no difference.
CONCLUSION
The currently available evidence is low and inconclusive with regard to the superior efficacy of N-PDT. The type of nanoparticle, incubation time, light source, and exposure time were found to be covariates that influence the antimicrobial efficacy of N-PDT.
PubMed: 38292372
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_305_23