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European Journal of Pediatrics Aug 2023The "Atopy Patch Test" (APT) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for food allergies (FA), especially in children with FA-related gastrointestinal symptoms. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The "Atopy Patch Test" (APT) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for food allergies (FA), especially in children with FA-related gastrointestinal symptoms. However, its diagnostic accuracy is debated, and its usefulness is controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the APT diagnostic accuracy compared with the diagnostic gold standard, i.e., the oral food challenge (OFC), in children affected by non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergies, including the evaluation in milk allergic subgroup. Both classical non-IgE mediated clinical pictures and food induced motility disorders (FPIMD) were considered. The search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus from January 2000 to June 2022 by two independent researchers. The patient, intervention, comparators, outcome, and study design approach (PICOS) format was used for developing key questions, to address the APT diagnostic accuracy compared with the oral food challenge (OFC). The quality of the studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 system. The meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR (diagnostic odds ratio), PLR (positive likelihood ratio), and NLR (negative likelihood ratio) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Out of the 457 citations initially identified via the search (196 on PubMed and 261 on Scopus), 37 advanced to full-text screening, and 16 studies were identified to be included in the systematic review. Reference lists from relevant retrievals were searched, and one additional article was added. Finally, 17 studies were included in the systematic review. The analysis showed that APT has a high specificity of 94% (95%CI: 0.88-0.97) in the group of patients affected by FPIMD. Data showed a high pooled specificity of 96% (95% CI: 0.89-0.98) and the highest accuracy of APT in patients affected by cow's milk allergy (AUC = 0.93). Conclusion: APT is effective in identifying causative food in children with food-induced motility disorders. What is Known: • Atopy patch test could be a useful diagnostic test for diagnosing food allergy, especially in children with food allergy-related gastrointestinal symptoms. What is New: • Atopy patch test may be a useful tool in diagnosing non IgE food allergy, especially in children with food-induced gastrointestinal motility disorders and cow's milk allergy.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Child; Humans; Patch Tests; Milk Hypersensitivity; Sensitivity and Specificity; Food Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Allergens; Gastrointestinal Diseases
PubMed: 37249680
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04994-2 -
Journal of Environmental Health Science... Jun 2024Today, antibiotics are widely used for treatment and feed additives to enhance livestock growth. Antibiotic residues may be found in food of animal origin for various... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Today, antibiotics are widely used for treatment and feed additives to enhance livestock growth. Antibiotic residues may be found in food of animal origin for various reasons, including ignoring the withdrawal period after treatment, overuse for animals, and contamination of feed with treated animals in animal products. Among animal products, dairy products have a special place in the human diet, and antibiotic residues in them have caused a great deal of concern among consumers.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare studies conducted in Iran on antibiotic residues in dairy products during 2000-2022.
METHODS
In this review, 52 eligible studies were collected by searching the Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Google Scholar, Science-Direct, Scopus, and PubMed using the English or Persian keywords such as an antibiotic or antimicrobial residue, Beta-lactam residue, Tetracycline residue, Sulfonamide residue, Chloramphenicol residue, Aminoglycosides residue, Macrolide residue, Quinolones residue, Milk, Raw milk, Pasteurized milk, UHT milk, Powder milk, Cheese, Yogurt, Butter, Cream, Doogh, Kashk, Ice cream, and Iran.
RESULTS
According to the reviewed studies, the total prevalence of antibiotic residues in dairy products was 29% (95% CI: 15-43%). Among the seven evaluated antibiotic groups, most studies have been conducted on tetracycline, beta-lactam, and sulfonamide groups, with 16, 10, and 7 respectively, and the highest level of contamination with 663 ± 1540 μg/l is related to tetracycline. Most studies on antibiotic dairy product residues in Iran with 12, 11, and 8 studies are associated with East Azarbaijan province, then Tehran and Khorasan Razavi respectively, and no study has been conducted in 11 provinces of the country. According to the studies, Gilan, Qazvin and Razavi Khorasan provinces had the highest amount of antibiotic residue in milk with an average value of 56.415 ± 33.354, 45.955 ± 4.179 and 45.928 ± 33.027, respectively. Most of the methods used in the studies to measure antibiotic residues in milk were the Copan test kit and the HPLC method, which were used in 19 and 14 studies, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies have shown that the prevalence of antibiotic residue in dairy products in Iran is high, so applying an effective strategy and developing the necessary standards in this field to control milk quality is a public health necessity. The findings of this study show that further evaluation of fermented dairy products, especially non-fermented ones such as butter and cream, is needed to prevent adverse health reactions.
PubMed: 38887764
DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00889-4 -
Women and Birth : Journal of the... May 2024Bariatric surgery is a procedure for people with class II and III obesity who are unable to lose weight using traditional methods. The incidence rate of bariatric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery is a procedure for people with class II and III obesity who are unable to lose weight using traditional methods. The incidence rate of bariatric surgery in reproductive-age women is increasing rapidly, so the number of women who become pregnant after bariatric surgery is rising.
AIM
To collate and synthesise available literature regarding breastfeeding following bariatric surgery.
METHODS
This review was reported by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-Scr). The review included peer-reviewed research studies and research-based conference abstracts on breastfeeding outcomes in mothers who have undergone bariatric surgery before pregnancy. Health databases were searched from 1990 to December 2023. Included studies were analysed using a narrative synthesis.
FINDINGS
From 1506 abstracts, 16 papers were identified. Three themes emerged from the analysis: challenges in exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional composition in breast milk, and breastfeeding experience. There was a tendency for lower breastfeeding rates and shorter durations in mothers who had bariatric surgery. Most studies focussed on the nutritional composition of breast milk however these results were mixed. Only three articles were qualitative, and their findings showed that women wanted more information and support about breastfeeding following bariatric surgery.
DISCUSSION
Our review indicates breastfeeding challenges in post-bariatric surgery mothers and reduced breastfeeding rates. It is unclear whether bariatric surgery impacts the nutritional quality of breast milk due to inconsistent study outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Future research is essential, specifically on understanding the breastfeeding concerns and experiences of women who have undergone bariatric surgery.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Breast Feeding; Bariatric Surgery; Obesity; Mothers; Milk, Human
PubMed: 38513305
DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2024.101600 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Aug 2023Serving whey protein before a meal in order to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations is known as a premeal. The underlying mechanisms are only partly... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Whey Protein Premeal Lowers Postprandial Glucose Concentrations in Adults Compared with Water-The Effect of Timing, Dose, and Metabolic Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Serving whey protein before a meal in order to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations is known as a premeal. The underlying mechanisms are only partly understood but may involve stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and insulin secretion together with a slower gastric emptying rate.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review all randomized clinical trials investigating premeals with whey protein in comparison with a nonactive comparator (control) that evaluated plasma glucose, GLP-1, GIP, insulin, and/or gastric emptying rate. Secondary aims included subgroup analyses on the timing and dose of the premeal together with the metabolic state of the participants [lean, obese, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)].
METHODS
We searched EMBASE, CENTRAL, PUBMED, and clinicaltrials.gov and found 16 randomized crossover trials with a total of 244 individuals. The last search was performed on 9 August, 2022.
RESULTS
Whey protein premeals lowered peak glucose concentration by -1.4 mmol/L [-1.9 mmol/L; -0.9 mmol/L], and the area under the curve for glucose was -0.9 standard deviation (SD) [-1.2 SD; -0.6 SD] compared with controls (high certainty). In association with these findings, whey protein premeals elevated GLP-1 (low certainty) and peak insulin (high certainty) concentrations and slowed gastric emptying rate (high certainty) compared with controls. Subgroup analyses showed a more pronounced and prolonged glucose-lowering effect in individuals with T2DM compared with participants without T2DM. The available evidence did not elucidate the role of GIP. The protein dose used varied between 4 and 55 g, and meta-regression analysis showed that the protein dose correlated with the glucose-lowering effects.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, whey protein premeals lower postprandial blood glucose, reduce gastric emptying rate, and increase peak insulin. In addition, whey protein premeals may elevate plasma concentrations of GLP-1. Whey protein premeals may possess clinical potential, but the long-term effects await future clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Whey Proteins; Glucagon; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Water; Insulin; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucose; Gastric Emptying; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 37536867
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.012 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The protozoan parasite may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The protozoan parasite may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be fully elucidated, hence the need for a better understanding of the pooled seroprevalence and associated maternal and fetal outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and determine the pooled prevalence of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries' pregnant women's seroprevalence of and the maternal-fetal outcomes.
METHODS
This quantitative study examined WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries' maternal-fetal outcomes and prevalence in pregnant women. The targeted population was pregnant women, while the primary outcome was seropositivity of , while other outcomes such as maternal and fetal associations and risk factors were determined PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) databases were searched up until 30 January 2023. The search terms used were "" OR " infection" AND "Pregnant woman" or pregnan* OR Antenatal OR Prenatal OR Gravidity OR Parturition OR Maternal AND WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region). OpenMeta-Analyst and Jamovi were used to analyze the generated data.
RESULTS
In total, 95 of 2947 articles meeting the inclusion criteria examined prevalence in pregnant women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. The pooled prevalence of in pregnant women was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6-40.4) with a median value of 35.64%, range values of 1.38-75.30%, with 99.61% heterogeneity. The pooled seroprevalence of IgG of was 33.5% (95%CI: 29.8-37.2) with a median value of 33.51%, and a range values of 1.38-69.92%; the pooled seroprevalence of IgM was 3.6% (95%CI: 3.1-4.1)) with a median value of 3.62 and range values of 0.20-17.47%, while cases of pooled seroprevalence of both IgG and IgM positivity was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.9-4.4) with a median value of 2.05 and a range values of 0.05-16.62%. Of the seropositive women, 1281/3389 (34.8%) 174/1765 (32.9%), 1311/3101 (43.7%), and 715/1683 (40.8%) of them had contact with cats, drank unprocessed milk, ate raw or undercooked meat and ate unwashed raw vegetables, respectively. The maternal-fetal outcomes associated with seropositivity were a history of abortions, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, and premature birth, which were found in 868/2990 (32.5%), 112/300 (36.1%), 111/375 (25.7%), 3/157 (1.9%) and 96/362 (20.1%) of women who tested positive for antibodies.
CONCLUSION
The study found a high proportion of seroprevalence in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, which may be linked to poor outcomes for mothers and their babies. Thus, pregnant women require monitoring and comprehensive prevention strategies for infection.
PubMed: 37764965
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091157 -
Public Health Nutrition Nov 2023To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the anthropometric nutritional status of South African infants and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the anthropometric nutritional status of South African infants and children, 0-18 years old and to report on trends of changes in nutritional status over the period 1997-2022.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
Review of the available literature on the anthropometric nutritional status of South African infants and children, 0-18 years old, over the period 1997-2022.
PARTICIPANTS
South African infants and children, 0-18 years old.
RESULTS
Only quantitative data from ninety-five publications that described the nutritional status in terms of anthropometry were included. Most recent studies applied the WHO 2006 and 2007 definitions for malnutrition among children 0-5 years old and 5-19 years old, respectively. Meta-analysis of all prevalence data shows the highest stunting prevalence of 25·1 % among infants and preschool children, compared to 11·3 % among primary school-age children and 9·6 % among adolescents. Furthermore, the overweight and obesity prevalence was similar among children younger than 6 years and adolescents (19 %), compared to 12·5 % among primary school-age children. In national surveys, adolescent overweight prevalence increased from 16·9 % in 2002 to 23·1 % in 2011. Meta-regression analysis shows a decrease in stunting among children 6-18 years old and an increase in combined overweight and obesity in the 10-19 years age group.
CONCLUSION
The double burden of malnutrition remains evident in South Africa with stunting and overweight/obesity the most prevalent forms of malnutrition among children.
Topics: Infant; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child; Nutritional Status; Overweight; South Africa; Malnutrition; Anthropometry; Growth Disorders; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence
PubMed: 37800336
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980023001994 -
Cureus Nov 2023The management of preterm newborns must consider the severe problem of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A systematic review has been conducted to effectively... (Review)
Review
The management of preterm newborns must consider the severe problem of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A systematic review has been conducted to effectively acknowledge how enteral and parenteral early nutrition affect the growth and progression of ROP. The study summarizes recent findings from various sources to give insight into the relationship between dietary practices and ROP risks. When untreated, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may cause severe vision loss or blindness in premature newborns. The latter two phases of ROP progression are the most serious. A child's early nutrition, both orally and intravenously, significantly impacts the severity and progression of ROP. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence linking early nutrition to ROP in premature infants. The study used Embase, Scopus, and PubMed to conduct our search. ROP, premature newborns, and nutrition were keywords used to find relevant papers. Nine research studies made it through the screening process and offered important information on the impact of diet on ROP. These studies support the idea that poor nutrition is a driving force behind the onset of ROP. The risk of ROP has been associated with postnatal development, hyperglycemia, polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and the presence of breast milk. The outlook for ROP has also been discovered to be affected by the length of time the patient has received parenteral feeding. The incidence and severity of ROP may be mitigated by providing better nutrition to premature newborns. This comprehensive study concludes that early nutrition, both enteral and parenteral, substantially influences the development and progression of ROP in premature newborns. The significance of nutrition in newborn care is highlighted by the possibility that improved dietary methods might aid in preventing and treating this vision-threatening illness.
PubMed: 38116356
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49029 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Jun 2024Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture. While most cellular... (Review)
Review
Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture. While most cellular agriculture is predominantly centered on the production of cultured meat, there is a growing demand for an understanding of the production techniques involved in dairy products within cellular agriculture. This review focuses on the current status of cellular agriculture in the dairy sector and technical challenges for cell-cultured milk production. Cellular agriculture technology in the dairy sector has been classified into fermentation-based and animal cell culture-based cellular agriculture. Currently, various companies synthesize milk components through precision fermentation technology. Nevertheless, several startup companies are pursuing animal cell-based technology, driven by public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms in precision fermentation technology. Hence, this review offers an up-to-date exploration of animal cell-based cellular agriculture to produce milk components, specifically emphasizing the structural, functional, and productive aspects of mammary epithelial cells, providing new information for industry and academia.
PubMed: 38849927
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01039-y -
PloS One 2023Informal human milk exchange is the practice of donating and receiving expressed human milk based on mutual consent between the donor and receiver in the need of human... (Review)
Review
Informal human milk exchange is the practice of donating and receiving expressed human milk based on mutual consent between the donor and receiver in the need of human milk for infants below 2 years old. Main concerns related to informal human milk exchange is related to milk siblings and safety handling of the expressed breastmilk. Even though there are countries which have policies and procedures related to human milk bank, informal milk exchange has not been given much attention. Compared to human milk bank, informal human milk exchange is not regulated. This study aims to identify the system focused on personalized breastfeeding tracking and monitoring, online discussion forum, web-based consultation, and breastfeeding station locator. Review of current applications in supporting breastfeeding practices was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR framework. A literature search was conducted in Scopus and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published in English or Malay and containing systems/applications related to breastfeeding, milk sharing, milk exchange, milk siblings/kinship within the societal context. According to the scoping review, current scientific publications mostly focused on breast milk, breastfeeding, and milk banking concerns, with recurring themes including social reasons, lactation insufficiency, and unsolved nursing problems. These themes highlight the complexities and complexities of informal human milk exchange practices. Two reviewers screened the articles, and the data were extracted and narratively synthesized. During the primary database search, 360 articles were found based on the related titles, abstracts, and keywords. Seventy eight met the inclusion criteria and were finalized in this review. We found that most scholarly works focused on breast milk, breastfeeding and milk banking challenges and issues with recurrent themes i.e., societies, lactation inadequacy and unresolved nursing problems. Based on our literature search and to the best of our knowledge, there is no recent scoping reviews which focuses on technology-based approaches on informal human milk exchange. Findings from this scoping review is important for advancing research and practice in this field, as well as improving outcomes for individuals and families affected by informal human milk exchange.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk Banks; Milk, Human; Technology
PubMed: 37708192
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290311 -
PloS One 2024Effective breastfeeding is crucial for maternal and child health, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. It encompasses a range of skills and strategies,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Effective breastfeeding is crucial for maternal and child health, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. It encompasses a range of skills and strategies, including proper latch, positioning, and frequency of feeding. These techniques not only ensure sufficient milk transfer but also foster bonding between mother and child, enhancing the breastfeeding experience. To effectively prioritize maternal and child health, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the prevalence and factors influencing effective breastfeeding nationwide. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a pooled prevalence of effective breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating mothers in Ethiopia.
METHODS
The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, focusing on studies conducted in Ethiopia. We identified eight relevant studies through Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Analysis was conducted using STATA version 11, and systematic data extraction employed a checklist to extract relevant data. I2 tests and the Cochrane Q test statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity. To explore potential publication bias, Egger's weighted regression, Begg's test, and a funnel plot were utilized.
RESULTS
We identified a total of 955 research articles. Eight studies meeting the eligibility criteria were incorporated into this meta-analysis and systematic review. The pooled prevalence of effective breastfeeding techniques was 41.99% [95% CI 32.16-51.81]. According to the results of the current meta-analysis, effective breastfeeding techniques were significantly associated with antenatal care follow-up [OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.10-2.78], maternal educational status [OR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.55-4.71], breastfeeding technique counseling [OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.41-2.90], the absence of breast problems [OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.49-3.43], breastfeeding experience [OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.14-3.46], and immediate skin-to-skin contact [OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.56-3.44].
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the vital role of various factors in shaping effective breastfeeding.
IMPLICATIONS
To improve practices and health outcomes, we recommend targeted interventions, such as strengthening antenatal care, implementing maternal education, and providing comprehensive breastfeeding counseling. Proactively addressing breast problems and prioritizing immediate skin-to-skin contact is crucial for successful breastfeeding.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Humans; Ethiopia; Female; Lactation; Mothers
PubMed: 38935684
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306167