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Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is widely present in herbal medicines such as , , and Catsiatora Linn and is used in traditional Chinese medicine to...
BACKGROUND
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is widely present in herbal medicines such as , , and Catsiatora Linn and is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat metabolic bone deseases. Animal experiments have shown that resveratrol may have a strong treatment effect against osteoporosis (OP). The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of resveratrol in treating OP animal models based on preclinical research data.
METHODS
This study was completed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from inception to May 8, 2023, to identify animal experiments on the treatment of OP with resveratrol. The effect sizes of bone mineral density (BMD), parameters of micro-CT, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were expressed as the mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis included a total of 15 animal experiments, including 438 OP rats. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, resveratrol (<10, 10-25, 40-50, ≥ 60 mg/kg/day) significantly increased femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in OP rats ( < 0.05). Resveratrol (<10 mg/kg/day) significantly increased the BMD of the total body (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.01, < 0.001). In terms of improving the parameters related to micro-CT, resveratrol (40-50 mg/kg/day) can increase trabecular thickness and trabecular number and reduce trabecular spacing ( < 0.05). Compared with the control group, resveratrol can reduce the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in serum but has no significant effect on serum ALP and osteocalcin ( > 0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that resveratrol increased the whole-body BMD of SD rats ( = 0.002) but did not improve the whole-body BMD of 3-month-old rats ( = 0.17).
CONCLUSION
Resveratrol can increase BMD in OP rat models, and its mechanism of action may be related to improving bone microstructure and regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The clinical efficacy of resveratrol in the treatment of OP deserves further research.
PubMed: 37575330
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1234756 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2023The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the comparative clinical success and survival of intracoronal indirect restorations using gold, lithium... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the comparative clinical success and survival of intracoronal indirect restorations using gold, lithium disilicate, leucite, and indirect composite materials.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. The protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021233185). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases and sources, including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature. A total of 7826 articles were screened on title and abstract. Articles were not excluded based on the vitality of teeth, the language of the study, or the observation period. The risk difference was utilized for the analyses, and a random-effects model was applied. All analyses were conducted with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The calculated risk differences were derived from the combined data on restoration survival and failures obtained from each individual article. The presence of heterogeneity was assessed using the I statistic, and if present, the heterogeneity of the data in the articles was evaluated using the non-parametric chi-squared statistic (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 12 eligible studies were selected, which included 946 restorations evaluated over a minimum observation period of 1 year and a maximum observation period of 7 years. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that intracoronal indirect resin composite restorations have an 18% higher rate of failure when compared to intracoronal gold restorations over 5-7 years of clinical service (risk difference = - 0.18 [95% CI: - 0.27, - 0.09]; p = .0002; I = 0%). The meta-analysis examining the disparity in survival rates between intracoronal gold and leucite restorations could not be carried out due to methodological differences in the studies.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the currently available evidence, medium-quality data indicates that lithium disilicate and indirect composite materials demonstrate comparable survival rates in short-term follow-up. Furthermore, intracoronal gold restorations showed significantly higher survival rates, making them a preferred option over intracoronal indirect resin-composite restorations. Besides that, the analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in survival rates between leucite and indirect composite restorations. The short observation period, limited number of eligible articles, and low sample size of the included studies were significant limitations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Bearing in mind the limitations of the reviewed literature, this systematic review and meta-analysis help clinicians make evidence-based decisions on how to restore biomechanically compromised posterior teeth.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Aluminum Silicates; Composite Resins; Gold
PubMed: 37597003
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05050-x -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Oct 2023Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting mineral and bone metabolism and characterized by excessive parathyroid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CONTEXT
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting mineral and bone metabolism and characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) production and parathyroid hyperplasia.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of extended-release calcifediol (ERC) and paricalcitol (PCT) by assessing their effect on the biomarkers PTH, calcium, and phosphate in patients with non-dialysis CKD (ND-CKD).
METHODS
A systematic literature research was performed in PubMed to identify randomized control trials (RCTs). Quality assessment was done with the GRADE method. The effects of ERC vs PCT were compared using random effects in a frequentist setting.
RESULTS
Nine RCTs comprising 1426 patients were included in the analyses. The analyses were performed on 2 overlapping networks, due to nonreporting of outcomes in some of the included studies. No head-to-head trials were identified. No statistically significant differences in PTH reduction were found between PCT and ERC. Treatment with PCT showed statistically significant increases in calcium compared with ERC (0.2 mg/dL increase; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.05 mg/dL). No differences in effects on phosphate were observed.
CONCLUSION
This network meta-analysis showed that ERC is comparable in lowering PTH levels vs PCT. ERC displayed avoidance of potentially clinically relevant increases in serum calcium, offering an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for the management of SHPT in patients with ND-CKD.
Topics: Humans; Calcifediol; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Network Meta-Analysis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37235771
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad289 -
Veterinary Sciences Dec 2023Insect meal as a protein source has been considered a sustainable way to feed animals. and larvae meal are considered high-protein sources for poultry, also presenting... (Review)
Review
Insect meal as a protein source has been considered a sustainable way to feed animals. and larvae meal are considered high-protein sources for poultry, also presenting considerable amounts of fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. However, other potential components in insect meal and insect oil have been more extensively studied in recent years. Chitin, lauric acid, and antimicrobial peptides can present antimicrobial and prebiotic functions, indicating that low levels of their inclusion in insect meal can beneficially affect broilers' health and immune responses. This systematic review was developed to study the impact of insect products on the health parameters of broilers, and a metanalysis was conducted to evaluate the effects on performance. A database was obtained based on a selection of manuscripts from January 2016 to January 2023, following the mentioned parameters. Both and meal or oil products had positive effects on poultry health status, especially on the ileal and cecal microbiota population, immune responses, and antimicrobial properties. The average daily gain was greater in broilers fed meal compared to meal ( = 0.002). The results suggest that low levels of insect meal are suitable for broilers, without resulting in negative effects on body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio, while the insect oil can totally replace soybean oil without negative impacts.
PubMed: 38133252
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120702 -
EClinicalMedicine Mar 2024Childhood obesity is a pressing health crisis of epidemic proportions. Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective weight loss solution however its role in the paediatric...
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is a pressing health crisis of epidemic proportions. Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective weight loss solution however its role in the paediatric population is contentious owing to the paucity of weight specific and generalised health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of paediatric BS on bone health.
METHODS
This prospectively registered systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023432035) was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (1946-1928 September 2023), EMBASE (1947-1928 September 2023) via the Ovid platform, and the Cochrane Review Library to identify scientific publications reporting bone outcome measures in patients under the age of 18 years who underwent BS. Meta-analysis was undertaken on post-operative weight and bone parameters in paediatric patients following BS. Outcomes were reported as weighted or standardized mean difference with 95 percent confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis by intervention, quality scoring and risk of bias were assessed.
FINDINGS
Twelve studies with 681 patients across 5 countries (mean age 17 ± 0.57 years) were included. The quality of included studies was rated as high and there was substantial between-study heterogeneity for most factors included in the meta-analysis ( from 0% to 99.1%). Patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 216), sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 257), gastric band (n = 184) or intragastric balloon placement (n = 24). BS was associated with significant weight reduction, body mass index (BMI) -12.7 kg/m (95% CI -14.5 to -10.9, p < 0.001), with RYGB being most effective, BMI -16.58 kg/m (95% CI -19.6 to -13.6, p < 0.001). Patients who underwent SG or RYGB had significantly lower lumbar bone mineral density, -0.96 g/cm (95% CI -0.1 to -0.03, p < 0.001), Z score, -1.132 (95% CI -1.8 to -0.45, p < 0.001) and subtotal body bone mineral density, -0.7 g/cm (95% CI -1.2 to -0.2, p < 0.001) following surgery. This was accompanied with higher markers of bone resorption, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen 0.22 ng/ml (95% CI 0.12-0.32, p < 0.001) and osteocalcin, 10.83 ng/ml (95% CI 6.01-15.67, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in calcium levels following BS, -3.78 mg/dl (95% CI -6.1 to -1.5, p < 0.001) but no difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, phosphate, bone alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type 1 N propeptide or parathyroid hormone.
INTERPRETATION
BS effectively reduces weight in paediatric patients, but RYGB and SG may have adverse effects on bone health in the medium term. It is crucial to monitor and support bone health through appropriate nutritional supplementation and judicious follow-up. Long-term data is needed to fully understand the clinical implications of these findings on bone outcomes.
FUNDING
Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom.
PubMed: 38333369
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102462 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have posed significant challenges to public health, and it is crucial to understand their mechanisms in order to develop effective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have posed significant challenges to public health, and it is crucial to understand their mechanisms in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of selenium in ND pathogenesis, as it plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage. However, a comprehensive analysis of the association between selenium and NDs is still lacking.
METHOD
Five public databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane and Clinical Trials, were searched in our research. Random model effects were chosen, and Higgins inconsistency analyses (), Cochrane's Q test and Tau2 were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity.
RESULT
The association of selenium in ND patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD) was studied. A statistically significant relationship was only found for AD patients (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI (-0.64, -0.17), < 0.001), especially for erythrocytes. However, no significant relationship was observed in the analysis of the other four diseases.
CONCLUSION
Generally, this meta-analysis indicated that AD patients are strongly associated with lower selenium concentrations compared with healthy people, which may provide a clinical reference in the future. However, more studies are urgently needed for further study and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Humans; Selenium; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Alzheimer Disease; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37686737
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173706 -
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty... Dec 2023People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often prescribed medications associated with adverse effects on bone health. However, it is unclear whether these medications... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often prescribed medications associated with adverse effects on bone health. However, it is unclear whether these medications incur decreases in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and higher fracture risk in this population.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of commonly used medications on aBMD and fracture risk among people with MS.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until February 5, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials as well as cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective studies investigating whether glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, opioids, or antipsychotics influenced aBMD or fracture risk in people with MS. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analyses to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS
We included 22 studies (n = 18,193). Six studies were included in the meta-analyses of glucocorticoid use and aBMD, whereas 2 studies were included in the medication use and fracture risk meta-analyses. No studies assessed the effect of antidepressants, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, opioids, and antipsychotics on aBMD, and no studies assessed the effect of immunomodulators on fracture risk. Glucocorticoid use was significantly negatively associated with femoral neck aBMD (correlation = -0.21 [95% CI = -0.29 to -0.13]), but not with lumbar spine aBMD (correlation = -0.21 [95% CI = -0.50 to 0.12]). There were no differences in fracture risk between users of glucocorticoids (HR = 1.71 [95% CI = 0.04 to 76.47]), antidepressants (HR = 1.84 [95% CI = 0.09 to 38.49]), or anxiolytics (HR = 2.01 [95% CI = 0.06 to 64.22]), compared with nonusers.
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence is insufficient to support a relationship between greater fracture risk for people with MS taking glucocorticoid, antidepressant, or anxiolytic medication, compared with nonusers, and it is unclear whether these medications are associated with bone loss in people with MS, beyond that in the general population. Additional high-quality studies with homogenous methodology exploring how medications influence aBMD and fracture risk in people with MS are required.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Prospective Studies; Anticonvulsants; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Glucocorticoids; Multiple Sclerosis; Fractures, Bone; Antidepressive Agents; Immunologic Factors
PubMed: 38058136
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.12.1331 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Osteoporosis is a serious implication of Turner syndrome (TS). Common methods for the treatment of TS are growth hormone (GHT) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). We... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis is a serious implication of Turner syndrome (TS). Common methods for the treatment of TS are growth hormone (GHT) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). We examined the relationship between the treatment of TS and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. The purpose of our study was to show the currency of BMD states among patients with TS for treatment with GHT and ERT. We searched databases for studies published from inception to April 2023. The articles were related to TS, osteoporosis, ERT, GHT, BMD and treatment patients with TS. We applied the selection criteria: lumbar spine values at L1-L4; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); treatment which was applied: one group of articles: ERT and two group of articles: GHT; results performed as means ± SD. In total, 79 articles were analyzed, of which 20 studies were included and 5 were considered for meta-analysis. The total number of women in the articles selected was 71. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the effect of ERT on BMD demonstrated a significant increase in BMD (the standardized mean difference in the random model was 0.593 g/cm, 95% CI: 0.0705 to 1.116; = 0.026), which showed that treatment with estrogen particularly increases bone mass during treatment, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. The effect of GHT on BMD demonstrated a non-significant decrease in BMD in patients with TS. The results for growth hormone show that this therapy does not improve bone density. However, our review emphasizes the beneficial effect of supplementing growth hormone (GH) on the clinical presentation of TS.
PubMed: 37765128
DOI: 10.3390/ph16091320 -
Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2023Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal hormone used to treat rheumatic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), rheumatoid...
BACKGROUND
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal hormone used to treat rheumatic conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with controversial results.
AIM
To review the results of DHEA use in rheumatic diseases.
METHODS
PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched for articles on the treatment of rheumatic diseases with DHEA between 1966 and April 2023.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were identified: 13 in SLE, 5 in SS, 2 in RA, and 1 in fibromyalgia. DHEA use in SLE has shown a mild to moderate effect on disease activity, a positive effect on bone mineral density (BMD), and improved fatigue. The studies on SS showed a decrease in symptoms of dry mouth, but its performance did not differ from placebo in disease activity. In RA, a questionable effect on disease activity was noted. The only study on fibromyalgia failed to show any improvement. The drug was well tolerated; mild androgenic effects were the most common complaints.
CONCLUSION
DHEA seems to have a place in SLE treatment, where it improves BMD and disease activity. The use in RA, SS, and FM is questionable.
PubMed: 37941864
DOI: 10.31138/mjr.20230825.dd -
JBMR Plus Nov 2023Diabetes poses a significant risk to bone health, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) having a more detrimental impact than Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The group of hormones known as... (Review)
Review
Diabetes poses a significant risk to bone health, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) having a more detrimental impact than Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The group of hormones known as incretins, which includes gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), play a role in regulating bowel function and insulin secretion during feeding. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are emerging as the primary treatment choice in T2D, particularly when atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is present. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), although less potent than GLP-1 RAs, can also be used. Additionally, GLP-1 RAs, either alone or in combination with GIP, may be employed to address overweight and obesity. Since feeding influences bone turnover, a relationship has been established between incretins and bone health. To explore this relationship, we conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. While some studies on cells and animals have suggested positive effects of incretins on bone cells, turnover, and bone density, human studies have yielded either no or limited and conflicting results regarding their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. The effect on fracture risk may vary depending on the choice of comparison drug and the duration of follow-up, which was often limited in several studies. Nevertheless, GLP-1 RAs may hold promise for people with T2D who have multiple fracture risk factors and poor metabolic control. Furthermore, a potential new area of interest is the use of GLP-1 RAs in fracture prevention among overweight and obese people. Based on this systematic review, existing evidence remains insufficient to support a positive or a superior effect on bone health to reduce fracture risk in people with T2D. © 2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PubMed: 38025038
DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10817