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Trauma, Violence & Abuse Dec 2023This review aimed to identify U.S.-based, construct-validated measures of bystander intervention. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, electronic databases were searched, and... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to identify U.S.-based, construct-validated measures of bystander intervention. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, electronic databases were searched, and emails were solicited identifying 8,559 articles for title screening. Abstracts and full texts were double screened, resulting in 24 scales meeting inclusion criteria: (a) measured a bystander-related construct in a situation where there was a potential for actual or perceived imminent physical or emotional harm, (b) written in English, and (c) statistically validated on U.S. samples. Most scales addressed the domain of interpersonal violence (67%), with fewer relating to bias/bullying (8.2%), mental health crises (12.5%), and substance use (12.5%). Most scales (71%) assessed the "take action" step of the situational model. The modal construct represented was intent/willingness/likelihood to intervene (50%). The average number of items on a scale was 14, and most (79%) provided Likert-style response options. None of the validated scales assessing behavior first accounted for an opportunity. Sample sizes ranged from 163 to 3,397, with the modal setting from colleges. Overall, samples were young (21.8 years old), White (75%), women (64%), and heterosexual (89%). Results indicate the need to validate additional measures that capture the "interpreting the situation as problematic" step of the situational model. Scales also need to be validated using diverse samples, particularly within the mental health crisis domain. Across all domains, validated measures need to be developed that first account for an opportunity when measuring actual bystander behavior. The information gleaned can be used to assist researchers in selecting measures and guide future measure development.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Intention; Students; Universities
PubMed: 36514242
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221137067 -
Global Health Action Dec 2023Community engagement and involvement (CEI) was crucial for the COVID-19 pandemic response, particularly among the urban poor in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).... (Review)
Review
Community engagement and involvement in managing the COVID-19 pandemic among urban poor in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review and stakeholders mapping.
BACKGROUND
Community engagement and involvement (CEI) was crucial for the COVID-19 pandemic response, particularly among the urban poor in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, no evidence synthesis explores how CEI can benefit public health emergencies.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic scoping review of the CEI with an emphasis on stakeholder identification, accountability mapping, the support system, and the engagement process among urban poor populations in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
We searched eleven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines to find articles published between November 2019 and August 2021. PROSPERO registration No: CRD42021283599. We performed the quality assessment using a mixed-method appraisal tool. We synthesized the findings using thematic framework analysis.
RESULTS
We identified 6490 records. After the title and abstract screening, 133 studies were selected for full-text review, and finally, we included 30 articles. Many stakeholders were involved in COVID-19 support, particularly for health care, livelihoods, and WASH infrastructure, and their accountability mapping by adopting an interest - influence matrix. This review emphasizes the significance of meaningful CEI in designing and implementing public health efforts for pandemic management among urban slum populations. The interest - influence matrix findings revealed that specific community volunteers, community-based organizations, and civil society organizations had high interest but less influence, indicating that it is necessary to recognize and engage them.
CONCLUSION
Motivation is crucial for those with high influence but less interest, such as corporate responsibility/conscience and private food supply agencies, for the health system's preparedness plan among urban populations.
Topics: Humans; Developing Countries; Pandemics; COVID-19; Delivery of Health Care; Community Participation
PubMed: 36537837
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2133723 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2024Bariatric surgery and weight loss devices have been considered as a therapeutic option in some settings for adolescents with severe obesity. We conducted a systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery and weight loss devices have been considered as a therapeutic option in some settings for adolescents with severe obesity. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of factors affecting adolescent and caregiver decision-making processes around such interventions, as well as post-surgery demands and challenges, so that their experiences might be better understood and improved support given. No previous qualitative evidence synthesis has been published on this topic.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
We searched 10 bibliographic databases and followed-up gray literature and citations sources. We performed a qualitative evidence synthesis on 19 primary qualitative research studies in adolescents aged 13 years or older. They reported diverse motivations and incentives for considering these interventions, including the physical and social problems resulting from living with obesity, and an awareness of the benefits and limitations of interventions. They reported that they need: information, physical and emotional support and, in some cases, financial assistance. There was high confidence in a majority of these findings (GRADE CERQual).
CONCLUSIONS
We found that supportive interventions accompanying bariatric surgery should be in place to offer: practical help; address anxieties and uncertainties; and facilitate both appropriate decision-making and the achievement of young people's desired outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Caregivers; Pediatric Obesity; Bariatric Surgery; Obesity, Morbid; Weight Loss; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37916534
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13654 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Sep 2023Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, and post-feeding psychological distress and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, and post-feeding psychological distress and guilt. Evidence indicates neurocognitive dysfunctions contribute to BED onset, maintenance, and treatment response. However, an integrated understanding of how cognitive processes underpin BED symptomology is lacking. We utilised a multi-stage decision-making model defining ten cognitive processes underpinning Preference Formation, Choice Implementation, Feedback Processing, and Flexibility/Shifting, to comprehensively review research published since 2013. We used preregistered PICOS criteria to assess 1966 articles identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus database searches. This yielded 50 studies reporting behavioural cognitive tasks outcomes, comparing individuals with BED to controls with normal and higher weight. Meta-analyses revealed a unique profile of cognitive dysfunctions that spanned all decision-making stages. Significant deficits were evident in Uncertainty Evaluation, Attentional Inhibition, Choice Consistency, and Cognitive Flexibility/Set-shifting. We propose a novel model of dysfunctional decision-making processes in BED and describe their role in binge-eating behaviour. We further highlight the potential for cognitive interventions to target these processes and address the significant treatment gap in BED.
Topics: Humans; Binge-Eating Disorder; Overweight; Attention; Cognitive Dysfunction; Craving
PubMed: 37263530
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105250 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024The rapid growth in digital technology usage among children and adolescents has highlighted the need for novel approaches to promote their physical and mental health.... (Review)
Review
The rapid growth in digital technology usage among children and adolescents has highlighted the need for novel approaches to promote their physical and mental health. This paper investigates the viability of gamification-the application of game mechanics to non-gaming contexts-as a potent instrument for health promotion and mental health support. This conceptual systematic review seeks to examine the various published articles promoting children and adolescents' physical and mental health through gamified techniques. These interventions can provide an interactive and engaging platform for encouraging physical activity, promoting healthy nutrition, enhancing emotional regulation, and promoting mental health. The significance of this topic stems from the pervasive use of electronic games, beginning at a young age, which makes them popular educational tools. For the review to be systematic and reproducible, the PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, and Elsevier databases were searched and the PRISMA method was utilized for the analysis. After analyzing the research data, empirical studies assessing the use of gamification in promoting adolescents' physical and mental health are discussed. In conclusion, gamification has demonstrated promise for promoting children's and adolescents' physical and mental health. It improves motivation, commitment, and adherence to healthy behaviors. However, additional research is required to evaluate gamification interventions' long-term effectiveness and sustainability in promoting health behaviors among this population.
PubMed: 38392455
DOI: 10.3390/bs14020102 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Gamification has proven to be a significant tool for health promotion, with a particular focus on physical activities such as Exergames, which improve not only physical,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gamification has proven to be a significant tool for health promotion, with a particular focus on physical activities such as Exergames, which improve not only physical, but also cognitive health. However, it is still not clear what effect the practice of Exergames has on changing the emotional experience.
PURPOSE
The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of Exergames training on emotional experience.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. The relevant articles were screened independently by three researchers. Data concerning emotional measures and Exergame practice were extracted for analysis.
RESULTS
The search yielded 38 articles, of which 16 were included. Exergames were found to significantly impact happiness, anxiety, depressive symptoms, mental health-related quality of life, self-worth, self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, vigor, vitality, intrinsic motivation, perceived energy, and relaxation.
CONCLUSION
Our review supports the evidence that the practice of physical activity through Exergames, on the emotional experience generally generates an increase in positive emotions. In this sense, the results found support both the use of Exergames as a leisure activity that promotes wellbeing and emotional regulation, as well as for health promotion, public health, and clinical practice purposes. Our review strongly supports the notion that engaging in physical activity through Exergames generally leads to an increase in positive emotions. As a result, these findings endorse the utilization of Exergames as a leisure activity to promote well-being and emotional regulation. Moreover, Exergames hold potential for health promotion, public health, and clinical practice purposes.
Topics: Exergaming; Quality of Life; Emotions; Exercise; Anxiety
PubMed: 37744509
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1209520 -
Health SA = SA Gesondheid 2023Parents play an important role in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of their adolescents. Parent-adolescent SRH information communication is cardinal and is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parents play an important role in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of their adolescents. Parent-adolescent SRH information communication is cardinal and is expected to improve SRH outcomes of adolescents.
AIM
The aim of this systematic review was to search for effective SRH information communication interventions in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform the adaptation of parent-adolescent SRH information communication intervention.
METHOD
This is the first phase of an explanatory sequential mixed method study. The systematic review was carried out by employing Joanna Briggs Institute software for reviews. Search sources included Cochrane Reviews Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. A systematic search strategy was formulated, making use of the key terms: adolescent, teenager, youth, parent, mother, father, caregiver, reproductive, sexual, health, information, communication and intervention.
RESULTS
Five articles met the inclusion criteria for full-text screening. The interventions included addressed sociodemographic covariates; parent-adolescent general communication; parental monitoring; parent-adolescent communication about sex-related topics; parent's sexual communication skills; parent's self-efficacy in sexual communication; parent's responsiveness to sexual communication; communication frequency; quality of sex‑related communication and information-motivational-behavioural skills.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that evidence-based SRH information communication interventions are effective in improving parent-adolescent SRH information communication to optimise safe SRH behaviour in LMICs.
CONTRIBUTION
This systematic review identified effective SRH information communication interventions in LMICs, which can form the basis of further qualitative exploration for adaptation of a culturally sensitive intervention in Ghana.
PubMed: 38076672
DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2435 -
PloS One 2024As theoretical models suggest, work addiction has several adverse correlates and consequences, such as unfavorable personality traits, physical and psychological... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
As theoretical models suggest, work addiction has several adverse correlates and consequences, such as unfavorable personality traits, physical and psychological symptoms, and social conflicts. Both early and recent concepts emphasize that individuals with work addiction have more problematic social life due to obsessive overwork. This includes negative impacts on family, workplace, and other relationships. The present study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze all the empirical studies that examined the association between work addiction and any dimension of social life, as such an analysis has never been conducted before. Studies published from 1995 to 2022 were identified through a systematic search. 102 eligible studies were included in the review, with 75 studies contributing to five different meta-analyses. The results indicated significant associations between work addiction and: (1) lower work-life balance, (2) reduced social functioning, and increased difficulties in (3) family relationships, (4) intimate relationships, and (5) relationships with the community, friends, and colleagues. The associations were found to be independent of gender and age. The meta-analytic study highlights research gaps in the field and suggests future directions, including exploring attachment styles and early social relationships in work addiction, investigating the association between social and emotional competencies and work addiction, examining the role of escape motivation, and exploring the characteristics of the partners (spouses) of workaholics. Since the quality of social relationships and social support are crucial factors in physical and mental health, the prevention and intervention of work addiction should be prioritized in organizational and clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Behavior, Addictive; Interpersonal Relations; Work-Life Balance; Social Support; Workplace
PubMed: 38833505
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303563 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023The purpose of the research was to pool the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and its health belief model (HBM)-based predictors, which is helpful for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The purpose of the research was to pool the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and its health belief model (HBM)-based predictors, which is helpful for decision-makers and program managers around the globe. The relevant database was searched and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the studies. I2 test and funnel plot was utilized to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used. The overall pooled intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine globally was 67.69%. Higher levels of perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.85), perceived severity (AOR = 1.45), perceived benefits (AOR = 3.10), and cues to action (AOR = 3.40) positively predicted the intention; whereas high level of perceived barrier negatively predicted it (AOR = 0.53). Health beliefs influenced COVID-19 vaccine intention globally. This implies that individuals need sound health education and publicity about vaccines before vaccination.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Intention; COVID-19; Checklist; Health Belief Model; Vaccination
PubMed: 37170620
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2207442 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2023The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to retrieve English-language articles published between 2015 and July of 2022, investigating assessment of SDL learning outcomes. Extracted data included the sample size, field of study, study design, SDL activity type, SDL assessment method, number of SDL assessments used, study quality, number of SDL components present utilising the framework the authors developed, and SDL activity outcomes. We also assessed relationships between SDL assessment method and number of SDL components, study quality, field of study, and study outcomes.
RESULTS
Of the 141 studies included, the majority of study participants were medical (51.8%) or nursing (34.8%) students. The most common SDL assessment method used was internally-developed perception surveys (49.6%). When evaluating outcomes for SDL activities, most studies reported a positive or mixed/neutral outcome (58.2% and 34.8%, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between both number and type of assessments used, and study quality, with knowledge assessments (median-IQR 11.5) being associated with higher study quality ( < 0.001). Less than half (48.9%) of the studies used more than one assessment method to evaluate the effectiveness of SDL activities. Having more than one assessment (mean 9.49) was associated with higher quality study ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our systematic review suggest that SDL assessment practices within undergraduate health professions education vary greatly, as different aspects of SDL were leveraged and implemented by diverse groups of learners to meet different learning needs and professional accreditation requirements. Evidence-based best practices for the assessment of SDL across undergraduate healthcare professions education should include the use of multiple assessments, with direct and indirect measures, to more accurately assess student performance.
Topics: Humans; Health Occupations; Learning; Motivation; Qualitative Research; Program Evaluation; Self-Directed Learning as Topic; Students, Medical; Students, Nursing; Students, Health Occupations
PubMed: 36919556
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2189553