-
Bone & Joint Research Sep 2023Osteoarthritis (OA) is mainly caused by ageing, strain, trauma, and congenital joint abnormalities, resulting in articular cartilage degeneration. During the...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is mainly caused by ageing, strain, trauma, and congenital joint abnormalities, resulting in articular cartilage degeneration. During the pathogenesis of OA, the changes in subchondral bone (SB) are not only secondary manifestations of OA, but also an active part of the disease, and are closely associated with the severity of OA. In different stages of OA, there were microstructural changes in SB. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in SB are important in the pathogenesis of OA. The signal transduction mechanism in SB is necessary to maintain the balance of a stable phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and bone remodelling between articular cartilage and SB. An imbalance in signal transduction can lead to reduced cartilage quality and SB thickening, which leads to the progression of OA. By understanding changes in SB in OA, researchers are exploring drugs that can regulate these changes, which will help to provide new ideas for the treatment of OA.
PubMed: 37678837
DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.129.BJR-2023-0081.R1 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Jan 2024Leptin has a great effect on bone through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling. Considering the ambiguities that exist regarding the effect of leptin on... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Leptin has a great effect on bone through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling. Considering the ambiguities that exist regarding the effect of leptin on bone and bone-related diseases including osteoporosis, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of various studies on the effect of leptin on osteoporosis, which may find an answer to the existing ambiguities.
METHODS
The search was performed to review studies on the effects of leptin on osteoporosis by using several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Electronic searches were conducted on 5 Jan 2023. There was no limit on the publication date of the articles. The risk of bias for the animal study was assessed with the CAMARADES checklist, and the study quality assessment was also assessed based on the guidelines for in vivo experiments (ARRIVE). In this study, the risk of bias (quality) of human studies was assessed using the quality assessment checklists by NHLBI.
RESULTS
Overall, 34 articles were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Overall, 27 human studies and seven animal studies were included in the article. The results of most of the studies conducted in this study showed that leptin has a physiological role in maintaining bone mass and better bone quality and reduces bone marrow adipogenesis and increases bone mineral density (BMD). As plasma leptin levels increased, BMD values or bone formation biomarkers increased.
CONCLUSION
Leptin has an inhibitory role against bone resorption and increasing osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, which, as a result, maintains bone density and reduces osteoclast activity, and has a positive relationship with increasing osteocalcin.
PubMed: 38694865
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14686 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2023Bisphosphonates, the most common anti-resorptive medications, are internalized by osteoclasts, where they inhibit the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)...
OBJECTIVE
Bisphosphonates, the most common anti-resorptive medications, are internalized by osteoclasts, where they inhibit the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) pathway, preventing their differentiation, inhibiting anchorage to the cell membrane, and inducing apoptosis. In patients undergoing oral bisphosphonate therapy, oral surgery involves a high risk of developing drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ/MRONJ), among the possible complications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was carried out on the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library search engines, using the keywords "oral bisphosphonates AND tooth extraction", "third molar extraction AND oral bisphosphonates". In addition, we manually evaluated the articles included in references from other sources and an analysis of the Gray Literature was performed. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the assessment of pharmacological (antibiotics) use in the BRONJ/MRONJ management. The revision protocol followed the indications of the Cochrane Handbook, and was registered in the INPLASY database, while the drafting of the manuscript was based on PRISMA.
RESULTS
The results of the systematic review, after the study identification and selection process, included a total of 7 studies: 4 retrospective studies, 2 prospective studies and 1 case report. The main complication was represented by osteonecrosis of the jaws, which appears to be related to the duration of treatment with bisphosphonates; in addition, data regarding the anatomical location of post-extraction sites, the sex and age of patients, comorbidities and various systemic risk factors were extrapolated. The most frequent post-extraction complication in patients treated with oral bisphosphonates is osteonecrosis of the jaws, with a significant prevalence in the posterior region of the mandible. In some cases, delayed healing of the surgical wound was also found; moreover, the duration of exposure to oral bisphosphonates influences the onset of complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Ongoing studies continue to unravel the role of the oral environment response in alveolar bone homeostasis and how it might contribute to the induction of BRONJ/MRONJ. Approaching the problem from this perspective could provide new directions for the prevention of BRONJ/MRONJ and expand our understanding of the unique oral microenvironment.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Diphosphonates; Osteonecrosis; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 37458653
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_32996 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on... (Review)
Review
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Endothelial Cells; Bone Regeneration; Osteoclasts; Nanostructures; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38627717
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Multiple myeloma is a malignant cancerous condition that is characterized by abnormal plasma cell production and can lead to bone destruction due to increased...
Multiple myeloma is a malignant cancerous condition that is characterized by abnormal plasma cell production and can lead to bone destruction due to increased osteoclastic activity and decreased osteoblastic activity. Many therapeutic therapies are used to treat diseases, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In recent years, anti-sclerostin antibody treatment has been under investigation for its effect on the multiple myeloma. The present study was conducted to assess the effective therapeutic use of anti-sclerostin antibody in the treatment of multiple myeloma. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central using the following MeSH terms: "multiple myeloma", "anti-sclerostin antibody", "ubiquitin-proteasome pathway", "proteasome inhibitor", "Wnt pathway". A total of 348 articles were screened. Twenty-five out of 348 were full-text articles assessed for eligibility, and four articles were used in this systematic review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for the reporting of this systematic review. A total of four randomized control trials (RCT) were included and used in this systematic review. The anti-sclerostin antibodies were various other drugs, and it was found that the anti-sclerostin antibody was effective in preventing autoantibody formation, decreasing bone destruction, and increasing trabecular bone. Anti-sclerostin antibody was found to be effective in decreasing bone destruction by reducing osteoclastic activity and increasing osteoblastic activity associated with multiple myeloma.
PubMed: 37654355
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_560_22 -
Effect of mechanical forces on the behavior of osteoblasts: a systematic review of in vitro studies.Dental and Medical Problems 2023Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims... (Review)
Review
Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims to systematically review the effect of mechanical stimulation on human osteoblast cell lineage combined with other variables.The PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for studies analyzing the effect of compression and tension on human osteoblasts at different differentiation stages. Studies that used carcinogenic osteoblasts were excluded. In addition, studies that did not analyze the osteogenic differentiation or proliferation of cells were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated using the modified CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist. a total of 20 studies were included. The cells were subjected to tension and compression in 5 and 15 studies, respectively. The application of uniaxial and cyclic strain increased the proliferation of osteoblasts. The same increased pattern could be observed for the osteogenesis of the cells. The impact of the tensile force on the expression of the osteoclastic markers differed based on the loading characteristics. On the other side, the impact of compression on the proliferation of osteoblasts varied according to the magnitude and duration of the force. Besides, different patterns of alternations were observed among the osteogenic markers in response to compression. Meanwhile, compression increased the expression of the osteoclastic markers. It has been shown that the response of the markers related to bone formation or resorption can be altered based on the differentiation stage of the cells, the cell culture system, and the magnitude and duration of the force.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Stress, Mechanical; Osteoblasts; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38133991
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/151639 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Liraglutide (Lrg), a novel anti-diabetic drug that mimics the endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 to potentiate insulin secretion, is observed to be capable of partially... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Liraglutide (Lrg), a novel anti-diabetic drug that mimics the endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 to potentiate insulin secretion, is observed to be capable of partially reversing osteopenia. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the efficacy and potential anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of Lrg for improving bone pathology, bone- related parameters under imageology, and serum bone metabolism indexes in an animal model of osteoporosis with or without diabetes.
METHODS
Eight databases were searched from their inception dates to April 27, 2024. The risk of bias and data on outcome measures were analyzed by the CAMARADES 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software separately.
RESULTS
Seventeen eligible studies were ultimately included in this review. The number of criteria met in each study varied from 4/10 to 8/10 with an average of 5.47. The aspects of blinded induction of the model, blinding assessment of outcome and sample size calculation need to be strengthened with emphasis. The pre-clinical evidence reveals that Lrg is capable of partially improving bone related parameters under imageology, bone pathology, and bone maximum load, increasing serum osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and reducing serum c-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (P<0.05). Lrg reverses osteopenia likely by activating osteoblast proliferation through promoting the Wnt signal pathway, p-AMPK/PGC1α signal pathway, and inhibiting the activation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-autophagic pathways. Furthermore, the present study recommends that more reasonable usage methods of streptozotocin, including dosage and injection methods, as well as other types of osteoporosis models, be attempted in future studies.
DISCUSSION
Based on the results, this finding may help to improve the priority of Lrg in the treatment of diabetes patients with osteoporosis.
Topics: Liraglutide; Animals; Osteoporosis; Disease Models, Animal; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Bone Density
PubMed: 38868747
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1378291 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024Bisphosphonates have an inhibitory impact on osteoclastic activity, reducing bone resorption. However, the influence of risedronate on tooth movement is not well-defined.
INTRODUCTION
Bisphosphonates have an inhibitory impact on osteoclastic activity, reducing bone resorption. However, the influence of risedronate on tooth movement is not well-defined.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review assessed the effect of risedronate intake on orthodontic tooth movement. A case report was also provided.
METHODS
Two independent reviewers searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Lilacs, Scopus, and Open Grey). The searches were carried out in April/2020, and an update was set in place in June/2023. Therefore, the searches considered a timeline from the databases' inception date until June/2023, with no publication date and/or language restrictions. The clinical question focused on evaluating the orthodontic tooth movement and relapse movement (Outcome) in animals (Population) exposed to risedronate (Exposure), compared to control groups (Comparison). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168581). The risk of bias was determined using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation protocol (SYRCLE).
RESULTS
Two studies in rats and one in guinea pigs were included in the systematic review. The studies reported a decrease in orthodontic tooth movement, a reduction in the relapse movement, and a reduced number of positive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cells, with a significantly reduced number of bone gaps after the administration of risedronate in rats. A case report illustrated the effects of risedronate administration in one patient.
CONCLUSION
Based on the systematic review, risedronate seems to impair orthodontic tooth movement and relapse due to a decrease in bone resorption cells.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Rats; Bone Resorption; Recurrence; Risedronic Acid; Rodentia; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 38198389
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2322280.oar -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Mar 2024This study aimed to systematically review the effect of lithium on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review the effect of lithium on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
METHODS
The focus question was "does lithium have an effect on OTM?" A systematic search was conducted using indexed databases and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed according to the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation.
RESULTS
Five of the initially identified 656 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were selected for this review. The studies reported that lithium administration lowered the rate of OTM by inducing a reduction in the number of osteoclasts and possibly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. These studies further showed an increase in bone density and bone volume by promoting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and osteoblastogenesis. It was also noted that lithium reduced orthodontically induced root resorption during experimental OTM. Further, standardized studies are warranted to understand the impact of lithium in OTM. Overall, the risk of bias for 3 studies was very high, high in 1 study, and moderate in 1 study.
CONCLUSION
On an experimental level in animals, lithium decreased the rate of OTM during the active treatment phase by increasing bone density and bone volume and reducing root resorption. In addition, lithium may enhance alveolar bone formation during orthodontic retention. Clinically, this may impact the orthodontic treatment duration in patients receiving lithium, and further studies are needed to understand the true impact of lithium on OTM.
PubMed: 38556955
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.149