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Microorganisms Jul 2023Higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) have been developed to address the disease burden of current non-vaccine serotypes. This review... (Review)
Review
Systematic Literature Review of the Epidemiological Characteristics of Pneumococcal Disease Caused by the Additional Serotypes Covered by the 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.
Higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) have been developed to address the disease burden of current non-vaccine serotypes. This review describes the epidemiological characteristics of serotypes beyond PCV13 (serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B/C, 22F, and 33F; PCV20nonPCV13 serotypes). Peer-reviewed studies published between 1 January 2010 (the year PCV13 became available) and 18 August 2020 were systematically reviewed (PROSPERO number: CRD42021212875). Data describing serotype-specific outcomes on disease proportions, incidence, severity, and antimicrobial non-susceptibility were summarized for individual and aggregate PCV20nonPCV13 serotypes by age group and by type and duration of pediatric PCV immunization program. Of 1168 studies, 127 (11%) were included in the analysis. PCV20nonPCV13 serotypes accounted for 28% of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), although the most frequent serotypes differed between children (10A, 15B/C) and adults (8, 12F, 22F). In children, serotype 15B/C tended to be more frequently associated with pneumococcal meningitis and acute otitis media; in adults, serotype 8 was more frequently associated with pneumonia and serotype 12F with meningitis. Serotypes 10A and 15B/C in children and 11A and 15B/C in adults were often associated with severe IPD. Serotype 15B/C was also among the most frequently identified penicillin/macrolide non-susceptible PCV20nonPCV13 serotypes. These results could inform decision making about higher valency PCV choice and use.
PubMed: 37512988
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071816 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Aug 2023This study aims to evaluate whether there is a correlation between otitis and dental malocclusions.
PURPOSE
This study aims to evaluate whether there is a correlation between otitis and dental malocclusions.
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for observational studies published until July 2021 without language or time restrictions.
PROSPERO
CRD42021270760. Observational studies on children with and without OM and/or malocclusion were included. After removing duplicates and excluding not-eligible articles, two reviewers screened relevant articles independently. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed data quality and validity through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment tool for non-randomized studies.
RESULTS
Five studies met the selection inclusion criteria and were included in the studies for a total of 499 patients. Three studies investigated the relationship between malocclusion and otitis media, while the remaining two studies analyzed the inverse relationship and one of them considered eustachian tube dysfunction as a proxy of OM. An association between malocclusion and otitis media and vice versa emerged, although with relevant limitations.
CONCLUSION
There is some evidence that there is an association between otitis and malocclusion; however, it is not yet possible to establish a definitive correlation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Otitis Media; Malocclusion
PubMed: 37338742
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00807-0 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Apr 2024Early-onset otitis media with effusion (OME) can affect the development of the auditory nervous system and thus lead to auditory processing abnormalities. This study... (Review)
Review
Early-onset otitis media with effusion (OME) can affect the development of the auditory nervous system and thus lead to auditory processing abnormalities. This study aims to review the effect of childhood OME on auditory processing abilities in children. A systematic review of the literature, restricted to the English language from 1990 to 2022 was conducted using search engines like PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. After selecting the articles following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed. A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Children with a history of OME had poorer performance in most behavioral and electrophysiological tests. Pooled analysis of various tests such as the gap in noise test, frequency pattern test (verbal and nonverbal), and latencies of auditory brainstem response-I, V, I to III, and I to V showed a difference between the 2 groups. Childhood OME can significantly affect auditory processing abilities in children.
PubMed: 38561944
DOI: 10.1177/01455613241241868 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2023Otolaryngological diagnoses, such as otitis media, are traditionally performed using endoscopy, wherein diagnostic accuracy can be subjective and vary among clinicians.... (Review)
Review
Otolaryngological diagnoses, such as otitis media, are traditionally performed using endoscopy, wherein diagnostic accuracy can be subjective and vary among clinicians. The integration of objective tools, like artificial intelligence (AI), could potentially improve the diagnostic process by minimizing the influence of subjective biases and variability. We systematically reviewed the AI techniques using medical imaging in otolaryngology. Relevant studies related to AI-assisted otitis media diagnosis were extracted from five databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and IEEE Xplore, without date restrictions. Publications that did not relate to AI and otitis media diagnosis or did not utilize medical imaging were excluded. Of the 32identified studies, 26 used tympanic membrane images for classification, achieving an average diagnosis accuracy of 86% (range: 48.7-99.16%). Another three studies employed both segmentation and classification techniques, reporting an average diagnosis accuracy of 90.8% (range: 88.06-93.9%). These findings suggest that AI technologies hold promise for improving otitis media diagnosis, offering benefits for telemedicine and primary care settings due to their high diagnostic accuracy. However, to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes, further improvements in diagnostic performance are necessary.
PubMed: 37762772
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185831 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023This systematic review aims to describe the impact of otologic surgery as a treatment for chronic otitis media (COM) on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of...
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to describe the impact of otologic surgery as a treatment for chronic otitis media (COM) on the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of adult patients.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until May 2023. Prospective studies including adult patients with COM (cholesteatoma) who underwent canal wall up mastoidectomy, canal wall down mastoidectomy, or tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy, with pre- and postoperative HRQoL measurements, were considered eligible. Questionnaire validation studies were excluded. The risk of bias and study quality were evaluated with a Quality Assessment Tool (for before-after studies with no control group). To assess the change in HRQoL, pre- and postoperative HRQoL values and absolute changes were extracted, synthesized, and presented in tables. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated to enhance comparisons.
RESULTS
Of the 720 studies identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria of this review. Different questionnaires were used throughout the studies. The CES and COMOT-15 were used in five studies and the ZCMEI-21 and COMQ-12 in three studies. All studies indicated statistically significant improvement in HRQoL from pre- to postoperative, measured with disease-specific HRQoL questionnaires. General HRQoL questionnaires did not show significant improvement. Calculated SMDs ranged from 0.24 to 6.99.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Included studies had low ( = 10) to high ( = 6) risk of bias and poor ( = 4), fair ( = 7) or good ( = 5) study quality. Surgical treatment positively impacts the HRQoL of adult COM patients with and without cholesteatoma. However, the clinical relevance of the reported changes is unknown due to the lack of minimal clinically important differences (MCID) or cut-off values in each questionnaire. Therefore, further research regarding the MCIDs of each questionnaire is needed. Future research should also report preoperative chief symptoms and indications for surgery to improve individual patient counseling.
PubMed: 38020592
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1268785 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Oct 2023To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies describing the possible prognostic factors affecting hearing outcomes in Otitis media with... (Review)
Review
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies describing the possible prognostic factors affecting hearing outcomes in Otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (OMAAV) patients. To provide guidance for clinical work, avoiding profound irreversible hearing loss affecting patients' lives. A literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify English articles published before December 1, 2022. After screening the articles, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias of the extracted literature, and studies with high quality (score > 6) were included. Four studies were included: 1 was a retrospective cohort study, and 3 were case-control studies. We performed a meta-analysis of 4 factors: facial palsy, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, ANCA-negative status, and the period from onset to diagnosis. The results showed that there was a significant association between facial palsy [odds ratio (OR) 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.15; = 0%; = .02], hypertrophic pachymeningitis (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.18-2.53; = 24%; = .005), ANCA negativity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.11-2.77; = 33; = .02), and poor hearing prognosis in OMAAV patients. However, the period from onset to diagnosis (SEM ± SD 2.54; 95% CI -1.56 to 6.64; = 98%; = .22) of OMAAV was not significantly associated with poor hearing outcomes. We found that OMAAV patients with facial palsy, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, and ANCA negativity have a significant association with poor hearing prognosis, which provides diagnosis and treatment guidance in protecting patients' hearing.
PubMed: 37791762
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231200488 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2024The use of taxanes following the first trimester of pregnancy is endorsed by current clinical guidelines. However, evidence regarding their safety in terms of obstetric...
BACKGROUND
The use of taxanes following the first trimester of pregnancy is endorsed by current clinical guidelines. However, evidence regarding their safety in terms of obstetric and neonatal outcomes is limited.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Web of Sciences databases from their inception up to 12/16/2022. Eligibility criteria included gestational taxane use, presentation of original findings, and individual case data presented. A descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken.
RESULTS
A total of 159 patients treated with taxane-containing regimens during pregnancy were identified, resulting in 162 fetuses exposed in utero. The majority of patients had breast cancer (n = 88; 55.3%) or cervical cancer (n = 45; 28.3%). The most commonly employed taxane was paclitaxel (n = 131; 82.4%). A total of 111 (69.8%) patients were also treated with other cytotoxic drugs during pregnancy, including platinum salts (n = 70; 63.0%) and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (n = 20; 18.0%). While most patients received taxanes during the second trimester of pregnancy (n = 79; 70.0%), two were exposed to taxanes in the first trimester. Obstetric outcomes were reported in 105 (66.0%) cases, with the most frequent adverse events being preterm contractions or premature rupture of membranes (n = 12; 11.4%), pre-eclampsia/HELLP syndrome (n = 6; 5.7%), and oligohydramnios/anhydramnios (n = 6; 5.7%). All cases with pregnancy outcome available resulted in live births (n = 132). Overall, 72 (54.5%) neonates were delivered preterm, 40 (30.3%) were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), and 2 (1.5%) had an Apgar score of < 7 at 5 min. Perinatal complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 14; 10.6%), hyperbilirubinemia (n = 5; 3.8%), and hypoglycemia (n = 2; 1.5%). In addition, 7 (5.3%) cases of congenital malformations were reported. At a median follow-up of 16 months, offspring health status was available for 86 (65.2%), of which 13 (15.1%) had a documented complication, including delayed speech development, recurrent otitis media, and acute myeloid leukemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Taxanes appear to be safe following the first trimester of pregnancy, with obstetric and fetal outcomes being similar to those observed in the general obstetric population. Future studies should aim to determine the most effective taxane regimen and dosage for use during gestation, with a specific focus on treatment safety.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Taxoids; Paclitaxel; Pregnancy Outcome; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Oligohydramnios
PubMed: 38166767
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11704-6 -
Medicine Nov 2023This study was conducted to determine whether tympanic membrane perforation or chronic otitis media affects the results of an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to determine whether tympanic membrane perforation or chronic otitis media affects the results of an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer in adults.
METHODS
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
Four nonrandomized studies were included in the analysis. The temperatures of the bilateral eardrums (one eardrum with normal condition [control group] and the other eardrum with perforation or chronic otitis media [experimental group]) were measured for the same subject in the studies. The mean and standard deviation of the bilateral tympanic membrane temperatures were used to calculate the mean difference (MD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The fixed-effect model was utilized based on the results of the heterogeneity measurement using the Chi2 test and I2 statistic. The results of a meta-analysis in the normal eardrum (control group) and perforated eardrum, chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation, or chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma (experimental group) were 343 subjects (MD = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.00 to 0.11; P = .06). A meta-analysis of the normal eardrum (control group) and perforated eardrum or chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation except for cholesteatoma (experimental group) found 296 subjects (MD = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.11; P = .10).
CONCLUSION
When the temperatures of the bilateral eardrums were measured using an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer, no difference was observed between the eardrum with perforation or chronic otitis media and the normal eardrum.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Tympanic Membrane Perforation; Otitis Media, Suppurative; Thermometers; Otitis Media; Tympanic Membrane; Chronic Disease; Cholesteatoma
PubMed: 37960811
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035932 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Apr 2024Primary and secondary level preventive primary health care programs providing early detection and timely management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in rural... (Review)
Review
Primary and secondary level preventive primary health care programs providing early detection and timely management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in rural and remote regions are fundamental to preventing downstream impacts on health, social, and educational outcomes. However, the range and quality of evidence is yet to be reviewed. The study objectives were to identify and synthesize the evidence of primary health care interventions for detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote areas, and evaluate the quality of the research and effectiveness of interventions. A systematic literature search of 6 databases (February 2023). The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, and the quality appraisal of studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (initial screening questions: Are there clear research questions? Do the collected data allow to address the research questions?). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results describe interventions for detection and management of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and ear disease in primary health care settings. No studies met the inclusion criteria for tonsillitis. The role of community-based programs and allied health workers in the detection and management of ENT conditions was found to be effective in rural and remote regions. Only 2 of the studies met the screening criteria for quality appraisal. The study findings may inform future programs and policy development to address detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote primary care settings, and supports the need for further research on innovative models of care targeting potentially preventable hospitalizations through primary and secondary level prevention.
PubMed: 38646793
DOI: 10.1177/01455613241245198 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T....
Turicella otitidis belongs to the Corynebacteriaceae family and is a normal inhabitant of the ear and exists in a commensal relationship with its host. In children, T. otitidis is frequently associated with otitis media. The emergence of Turicella otitidis as a pathogen is concerning, particularly due to the limited availability of data on its pathogenic properties. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of T. otitidis infections occurring in both the ear and other anatomical sites, and to summarize the differences in metabolism and genome sequences between isolates obtained from the ear and blood.
Topics: Child; Humans; Virulence; Otitis Media; Corynebacterium; Actinomycetales
PubMed: 37891485
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08721-y