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Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jan 2024Interest gaps between public and private umbilical cord blood banks have led to the introduction of hybrid banking options. Hybrid models combine features of private and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Interest gaps between public and private umbilical cord blood banks have led to the introduction of hybrid banking options. Hybrid models combine features of private and public banks as well as interests of parents, children and of patients, in order to find an optimized solution. While several different models of hybrid banks exist, there is a lack of literature about this novel model of cord blood stem cell banking. Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to assess different options of umbilical cord blood banking and whether hybrid banking could be a valuable alternative to the existing public and private cord blood banking models.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search, using five main databases. Five hybrid models regarding their advantages as well as their challenges are discussed in this review.
RESULTS
We found that a wealth of literature exists about public cord blood banking, while private and hybrid banking are understudied. Different modalities of hybrid cord blood banking are being described in several publications, providing the basis to assess different advantages and disadvantages as well as practicability.
CONCLUSION
Hybrid banks, especially the sequential model, seem to have potential as an alternative to the existing banking models worldwide. A previously conducted survey among pregnant women showed a preference for hybrid banking, if such an option was available. Nevertheless, opinions among stakeholders differ and more research is needed to evaluate, if hybrid banking provides the expected benefits.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Fetal Blood; Blood Banking; Blood Banks; Pregnant Women; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37093267
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07003-x -
PloS One 2023This work aimed to comprehensively assess the risk factors affecting myopia in children to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies. To this end, data... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
This work aimed to comprehensively assess the risk factors affecting myopia in children to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies. To this end, data from database were employed to assess the relationship between the incidence of myopia and its risk factors.
METHODS
We searched eight databases online in June 2022. Cohort studies were included that measured the connection between risk factors and myopia. Eligibility was not restricted by language. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to measure the risk of bias and conducted GRADE evaluation to determine the certainty of evidence. Potential risk factors with positive or negative results were seen. Inplasy Registration: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-4-0109/.
RESULTS
Evidence that risk factors for myopia are mixed, comprising both positive (20) and null (17) findings. In 19 cohort studies on 3578 children, girls were more likely to develop myopia (RR: 1.28 [1.22-1.35]). Myopia can occur at any age, from early childhood to late adulthood. Children whose parents had myopia were more likely to develop myopia. Longer outdoor activities time (RR: 0.97 [0.95-0.98]) and less near-work time (RR: 1.05 [1.02-1.07]) appeared to be significantly decrease the incidence of myopia. Children with lower SE, longer AL, a lower magnitude of positive relative accommodation, worse presenting visual acuity, deeper anterior chamber, and thinner crystalline lens may be related to myopia onset. The burden of myopia in underprivileged countries is higher than in developed countries (RR: 5.28 [2.06-13.48]). The quality of evidence for the evaluated factors was moderate to low or very low.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic factors, environmental factors (such as excessive use of electronic products, and poor study habits) and lifestyle factors (such as lack of outdoor activities, poor nutrition, etc.) are the main risk factors for myopia in children. Myopia prevention strategies should be designed based on environmental factors, gender, parental myopia and eye indicators in order to explore a lifestyle that is more conducive to the eye health of children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Child; Adult; Risk Factors; Accommodation, Ocular; Databases, Factual; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Myopia
PubMed: 37729320
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291470 -
Prevention Science : the Official... Oct 2023There is increasing interest about the fidelity with which interventions are implemented because it is theorized that better implementation fidelity by facilitators is... (Review)
Review
There is increasing interest about the fidelity with which interventions are implemented because it is theorized that better implementation fidelity by facilitators is associated with better participant outcomes. However, in the parenting program literature, there is mixed evidence on the relationship between implementation fidelity and outcomes. This paper provides a synthesis of the evidence on the relationship between facilitator delivery and outcomes in the parenting program literature. Following PRISMA guidelines, this paper synthesizes the results of a systematic review of studies on parenting programs aiming to reduce violence against children and child behavior problems. Specifically, it examines associations between observational measures of facilitator competent adherence and parent and child outcomes. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to study heterogeneity. As a result, Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. Searches in electronic databases, reference searching, forward citation tracking, and expert input identified 9653 articles. After screening using pre-specified criteria, 18 articles were included. The review found that most studies (n = 13) reported a statistically significant positive relationship with at least one parent or child outcome. However, eight studies reported inconsistent findings across outcomes, and four studies found no association with outcomes. The results suggest that better facilitator competent adherence is generally associated with positive parent and child outcomes. However, this finding is weakened by the methodological heterogeneity of included studies and due to the wide variety of ways in which studies conceptualized competent adherence-outcome relationships.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parenting; Parents
PubMed: 36884129
DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01515-3 -
Brain Sciences Nov 2023SPN-812 has been approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment in children and adolescents. (Review)
Review
Efficacy and Safety of SPN-812 (Extended-Release Viloxazine) in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
SPN-812 has been approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of different doses of SPN-812 for ADHD pediatric patients of different ages, verify its clinical efficacy, and evaluate its safety.
METHODS
Up until 30 August 2023, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov to evaluate different doses of SPN-812 and a placebo.
RESULTS
We pooled 1619 patients from five RCTs with a duration of 6-8 weeks. Patients (6-17 years old) in SPN-812 (100, 200, and 400 mg/d) groups were superior to the control group in all efficacy outcomes with lower attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5), Conners 3-parent short form composite T score (Conners 3-PS), Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent (WFIRS-P), and increased clinical global impression-improvement (CGI-I) score (both < 0.05). At the same time, only SPN-812 300 mg/d did not show a significantly high risk of the adverse events (AEs) such as somnolence and decreased appetite ( = 0.09). There was no significant difference between placebo and SPN-812 groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/d) in serious adverse events (SAEs) such as syncope. The subgroup analyses showed that, both in children and adolescents subgroups, SPN-812 showed better efficacy than the placebo. The two age subgroups showed a significantly higher risk of AEs and an insignificant risk of SAEs than the placebo.
CONCLUSION
At present, SPN-812 (100, 200, and 400 mg/d) is superior to the corresponding control in efficacy measures. However, the safety problem cannot be ignored.
PubMed: 38137075
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121627 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2023With the increasing life expectancy and ageing population, long-term care has become an urgent policy issue worldwide. The informal care provided by family members,... (Review)
Review
With the increasing life expectancy and ageing population, long-term care has become an urgent policy issue worldwide. The informal care provided by family members, particularly adult children, is a key aspect of long-term care. However, socioeconomic transformations have resulted in changing family and demographic structures and increased geographic mobility, reducing the capacity of families to provide informal care and meet the caregiving needs of older adults. For ageing families, care preparation can be an effective method for coping with eldercare challenges, and care preparation is attracting increasing attention from researchers. This study seeks to conduct a systematic review for studies on caregiving preparation by adult children that were retrieved from six databases, to synthesise the available evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future investigations. The characteristics and main themes of eighteen reviewed articles were identified and analysed. This study discussed various conceptualisations of caregiving preparation by adult children, the prevalence of caregiving preparation, the factors related to caregiving preparation, and the related consequences. On the basis of the systematic review findings, several limitations of the literature and directions for future research were proposed to promote care preparedness and the well-being of ageing families.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Adult Children; Caregivers; Aging; Long-Term Care; Life Expectancy
PubMed: 37444143
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136295 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2023: Postoperative pain after lower abdominal surgery is typically severe. Traditionally, in pediatric anesthesia, a caudal block (CB) has been used for pain management in... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Effectiveness of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Caudal Block for Relief of Postoperative Pain in Children Who Underwent Lower Abdominal Surgeries.
: Postoperative pain after lower abdominal surgery is typically severe. Traditionally, in pediatric anesthesia, a caudal block (CB) has been used for pain management in these cases. Nowadays, a transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) seems to be an effective alternative. However, which technique for perioperative analgesia is better and more effective remains unclear in children who undergo abdominal surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a TAPB and CB for pain management in children after abdominal surgery by conducting a meta-analysis of published papers in this area. : We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a TAPB and CB for pain management in children who had abdominal surgery. Two researchers screened and assessed all the information with RevMan5.3 used for this meta-analysis. Pain scores, the total dose of rescue analgesic given, the mean duration of analgesia, the intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic conditions 24 h after surgery, and adverse events were compared. : 15 RCTs that involved a total of 970 pediatric patients were included in this study. The results of this meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative pain scores at 1 h (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI = -0.54 to 1.24; = 0.44, I = 94%), 6 h (SMD = -0.10; 95% CI = -0.44 to -0.23; = 0.55, I = 69%), 12 h (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.40; = 0.93, I = 80%), and 24 h (SMD = -0.66; 95% CI = -1.57 to -0.25; = 0.15, I = 94%); additional analgesic requirement (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63; = 0.004, I = 72%); total dose of rescue analgesic given in 24 h (SMD = -0.37; 95% CI = -1.33 to -0.58; = 0.44; I = 97%); mean duration of analgesia (SMD = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.01 to 2.57; = 0.05, I = 98%); parents' satisfaction (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI = -0.12 to 1.0; = 0.12; I = 80%); and intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic conditions 24 h after the surgery and adverse events (SMD = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.22 to 2.82; = 0.70; I = 62%). Compared to a CB, a TAPB resulted in a small but significant reduction in additional analgesic requirement after surgery (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63; = 0.004). : TAPBs and CBs result in similar efficient early analgesia and safety profiles in children undergoing abdominal surgeries. Moreover, no disparities were observed for adverse effects between TAPBs and CBs.
PubMed: 37763646
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091527 -
Preventive Medicine Oct 2023The health of parents before pregnancy influences the short- and long-term health of their offspring. This systematic review explored the preconception knowledge,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The health of parents before pregnancy influences the short- and long-term health of their offspring. This systematic review explored the preconception knowledge, beliefs and behaviours held by women and men of childbearing age.
METHODS
Databases were searched from 2009 to 2022 (MEDLINE, CINAHL Full-text, PsycINFO, EMBASE). Inclusion criteria specified qualitative research papers which recruited individuals of reproductive age (16-45 years) without existing chronic illnesses. Data were quality assessed and analysed using thematic synthesis.
RESULTS
Twelve papers met inclusion criteria. Six themes were identified (cultural context, pregnancy planning, knowledge, gender roles and responsibility, information seeking, prior health behaviours) which relate to individual, social, psychological and cultural factors. Cultural context was related to all other themes. Pregnancy planners had greater motivation to optimise their health whereas those not actively planning were focused more on becoming financially stable. Women and men's knowledge of how and why to engage in health protective behaviours was limited, with health risks and behaviour change discussed in the context of pregnancy rather than preconception. Gender roles influenced individual responsibility for preparation for pregnancy, which in turn influenced information seeking behaviours and engagement in health behaviours. Online sources of support and information were seen as desirable, regardless of pregnancy planning stage.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that behaviour change interventions designed to support people to optimise health before conception should address cultural, individual, social and psychological factors to facilitate behaviour change. Development of online resources may help to increase accessibility for people across different cultural contexts and stages of pregnancy planning.
PubMed: 37730135
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107707 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Prenatal Vitamin D has been suggested to be critical for dental health in children, affecting outcomes including the prevalence of enamel defects and tooth erosion. This... (Review)
Review
Prenatal Vitamin D has been suggested to be critical for dental health in children, affecting outcomes including the prevalence of enamel defects and tooth erosion. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential impact of prenatal Vitamin D levels on these dental health outcomes. A total of seven studies, involving 6978 participants, were included after a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2013 to June 2023. The average age of mothers varied across studies, with Vitamin D levels or supplementation practices displaying significant variation among the study populations. The age of children at examination ranged from 3.6 to 6.6 years. The analysis demonstrated a diverse association between Vitamin D levels and dental outcomes, with enamel defects reported in 21.1% to 64% of the children and opacities ranging from 36% to 79.5% across studies. Maternal Vitamin D insufficiency was identified as a significant risk factor for enamel defects in one study (OR: 3.55), whereas high prenatal Vitamin D levels indicated a protective effect against Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (OR: 0.84) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (OR: 0.95) in another. Conversely, low Vitamin D levels increased the risk of enamel hypoplasia (OR: 1.29) and dental decay. The maternal and child demographics varied greatly across the studies, and the assessment and prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency were heterogenous. This review illuminates the potential influence of prenatal Vitamin D on dental health in children, underscoring the importance of adequate Vitamin D levels during pregnancy. However, more robust research is required to establish the optimal Vitamin D intake during pregnancy to ensure healthy dental outcomes in children.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Vitamin D; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Diseases; Vitamins; Mothers; Prevalence; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 37764647
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183863 -
BMC Psychiatry Dec 2023Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, and shorter leukocyte telomeres are associated with major group diseases. Maternal psychological stress may be related to the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, and shorter leukocyte telomeres are associated with major group diseases. Maternal psychological stress may be related to the shortening of telomeres in infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to consolidate the varying effect sizes found in studies of maternal psychological stress and telomere length (TL) in newborns and identify moderators of the relationship between stress during pregnancy and newborn TL.
METHODS
Our systematic review was registered in Prospero. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete) were searched for records in English from inception to February 10, 2023. Observational studies were included that measured the relationship of psychological stress of the mother during pregnancy on the TL of the newborn. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effect model was selected. Statistical analysis performed by Stata software version 17.
RESULTS
Eight studies were included for qualitative and four for quantitative analysis. There was an inverse statistically significant relationship between maternal stress and newborn TL; A one score increase in maternal psychological stress resulted in a 0.04 decrease in the TL of the newborn (B = -0.04, 95% CI = [-0.08, 0.00], p = 0.05). Selectivity analysis showed that the pooled effect size was sensitive to one study; After removing this study, the pooled effect size remained significant (B = -0.06, 95% CI = [-0. 10, -0.02], p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Physiological and environmental factors can significantly affect the TL of newborns. Our results support a significant impact of maternal psychological stress on the TL of a newborn. This association demonstrates the significance of stress in influencing the telomere length, which can be a contributing factor in the infant's future. Therefore, recognizing this association is crucial for understanding and addressing potential health risks and necessitates the need for additional future studies to validate our findings.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Telomere; Stress, Psychological; Telomere Shortening; Research Design
PubMed: 38102621
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05387-3 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024A series of studies have shown that mothers' early tactile behaviors have positive effects, both on full-term and preterm infants, and on mothers alike. Regarding... (Review)
Review
A series of studies have shown that mothers' early tactile behaviors have positive effects, both on full-term and preterm infants, and on mothers alike. Regarding fathers, research has focused mostly on paternal skin-to-skin care with preterm infants and has overlooked the tactile behavior effects with full-term newborns on infants' outcomes and on fathers themselves. The current systematic review considered the evidence regarding paternal tactile behaviors with full-term infants, including skin-to-skin care (SSC) and spontaneous touch (ST), during parent-infant interactions, and differentiated biophysiological, behavioral and psychological variables both in fathers and in infants. We also compared fathers' and mothers' tactile behaviors for potential differences. The few available studies suggest that paternal touch-SSC and ST-can have positive effects on fathers and infants alike. They also show that, despite some intrinsic differences, paternal touch is as pleasant as maternal touch. However, given the paucity of studies on the topic, we discuss why this field of research should be further explored.
PubMed: 38247712
DOI: 10.3390/bs14010060