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Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its association with Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GAC).
METHODS
The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between PD and GAC. Six electronic databases were evaluated between 1961 and 2022. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently according to the eligibility criteria, assessing full texts of selected studies. The quality of the included research was verified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control and cohort studies. Statistical analyses were performed based on fixed and/or random effects models to calculate the summarized Relative Risk (RR) and its 95 % Confidence Interval (95 % CI).
RESULTS
There were 639 studies, of which nine articles were included (3 case-controls and 6 cohorts). Overall, the authors identified 1,253 cases of GAC 2,501 controls in case-control studies, and 1,631 patients with GAC enrolled in cohort studies. Patients presenting PD increased the risk of developing GAC by 17 % (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.03‒1.32), which remained regardless of the diagnostic method for PD, i.e., clinical examination (RR = 1.19; 95 % CI 1.14‒1.24) and self-report (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI 1.06‒1.69). Moreover, Asian patients (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.00‒1.36) with PD had a higher risk of having GAC than American and European patients (RR = 1.18; 95 % CI 0.84‒1.66).
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of PD the risk of GAC suggesting that its infectious-inflammatory process of PD may be related to GAC development. Further investigations on the oral-gastric microbiota and its role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer should be carried out, and the screening of patients with potential risk for GAC should be considered in the clinical practice of dentists.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Periodontal Diseases; Adenocarcinoma; Cohort Studies; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38301538
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100321 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection that has spread worldwide and is responsible for a high death toll. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common, there is growing evidence that oral signs of COVID-19 can also be seen in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available data on the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children and to recommend appropriate methods of diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was done to discover relevant papers published between their establishment and January 2023. Articles detailing oral symptoms in pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included, and data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 24 studies involving 2112 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in the review. The most common presentations are oral lesions, taste and smell disorders, oral candidiasis, hemorrhagic crust, tongue discoloration, lip and tongue fissuring, gingivitis, and salivary gland inflammation. These manifestations were sometimes associated with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or Kawasaki disease (KD). Management strategies varied depending on the severity of the oral manifestation and ranged from symptomatic relief with topical analgesics to systemic medications.
CONCLUSION
Oral symptoms of COVID-19 are relatively prevalent in juvenile patients and can be accompanied by severe systemic diseases, such as MIS-C or Kawasaki illness. Early detection and adequate care of these oral symptoms are critical for the best patient results. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and developing targeted treatments requires more investigation.
Topics: Child; Humans; COVID-19; Databases, Factual; SARS-CoV-2; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 37602892
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.776 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2023This review aimed at evaluating the possible benefits that caloric restriction (CR) may provide to periodontal disease progression and response to treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed at evaluating the possible benefits that caloric restriction (CR) may provide to periodontal disease progression and response to treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Electronic search on Medline, Embase and Cochrane, and manual search were performed to identify pre-clinical and on human studies reporting the consequences of CR on clinical and inflammatory parameters related to periodontitis. Newcastle Ottawa System and SYRCLE scale were used to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS
Four thousand nine hundred eighty articles were initially screened, and a total of 6 articles were finally included, consisting of 4 animal studies and 2 studies in humans. Due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity of the data, results were presented in descriptive analyses. All studies showed that, compared to the normal (ad libitum) diet, CR might have the potential to reduce the local and systemic hyper-inflammatory state as well as disease progression in periodontal patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the existing limitations, this review highlights that CR showed some improvements in the periodontal condition by reducing the local and systemic inflammation related to the periodontitis and by improving clinical parameters. However, the results should be interpreted with caution since robust research such as randomized clinical trials is still missing.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This review shows that some dietary/caloric restrictions approaches may have the potential to improve periodontal conditions and, in addition, highlights a need for human studies with a robust methodology in order to draw stronger evidence-based conclusions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Gingival Diseases; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37199773
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05052-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Periodontitis is one of the primary causes of tooth loss, and is also related to various systemic diseases. Early detection of this condition is crucial when it comes to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Periodontitis is one of the primary causes of tooth loss, and is also related to various systemic diseases. Early detection of this condition is crucial when it comes to preventing further oral damage and the associated health complications. This study offers a systematic review of the literature published up to April 2023, and aims to clearly explain the role of proteomics in identifying salivary biomarkers for periodontitis. Comprehensive searches were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science to shortlist pertinent studies. The inclusion criterion was those that reported on mass spectrometry-driven proteomic analyses of saliva samples from periodontitis cohorts, while those on gingivitis or other oral diseases were excluded. An assessment for risk of bias was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies or the NIH quality assessment tool, and a meta-analysis was performed for replicable candidate biomarkers, i.e., consistently reported candidate biomarkers (in specific saliva samples, and periodontitis subgroups, reported in ≥2 independent cohorts/reports) were identified. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery bioinformatics resources, which consistently expressed candidate biomarkers, to explore the predominant pathway wherein salivary biomarkers consistently manifested. Of the 15 studies included, 13 were case-control studies targeting diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis participants (periodontally healthy/diseased, = 342/432), while two focused on biomarkers responsive to periodontal treatment ( = 26 participants). The case-control studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, while the periodontitis treatment studies were deemed fair. Summary estimate and confidence/credible interval, etc. determination for the identified putative salivary biomarkers could not be ascertained due to the low number of studies in each case. The results from the included case-control studies identified nine consistently expressed candidate biomarkers (from nine studies with 230/297 periodontally healthy/diseased participants): (i) those that were upregulated: alpha-amylase, serum albumin, complement C3, neutrophil defensin, profilin-1, and S100-P; and (ii) those that were downregulated: carbonic anhydrase 6, immunoglobulin J chain, and lactoferrin. All putative biomarkers exhibited consistent regulation patterns. The implications of the current putative marker proteins identified were reviewed, with a focus on their potential roles in periodontitis diagnosis and pathogenesis, and as putative therapeutic targets. Although in its early stages, mass spectrometry-based salivary periodontal disease biomarker proteomics detection appeared promising. More mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies, with or without the aid of already available clinical biochemical approaches, are warranted to aid the discovery, identification, and validation of periodontal health/disease indicator molecule(s). Protocol registration number: CRD42023447722; supported by RD-02-202410 and GRF17119917.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Periodontitis; Mass Spectrometry; Biomarkers; Proteins; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva
PubMed: 37834046
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914599 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023Probiotics have been proposed as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), however, the effect of their use remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review... (Review)
Review
Clinical, microbiological and immunological short, medium and long-term effects of different strains of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. Systematic review with meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES
Probiotics have been proposed as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), however, the effect of their use remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the evidence regarding the use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients with periodontitis at a clinical, microbiological and immunological level.
DATA/SOURCES
A comprehensive search to identify clinical studies investigating the use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients treated for periodontitis was performed. The data were grouped according to probiotic strain, frequency, form and duration of the probiotic intake.
STUDY SELECTION
A total of 25 articles were included, all articles analysed clinical parameters, 10 included also microbiological findings and only 4 had immunological findings. The difference in probing depth (PD) between the test and the control group was statistically significant in favour of the test group when the probiotics were in the form of lozenges, administered twice a day and when the strain was . In terms of Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) gain the difference was statistically significant in the short and in the medium term but not in the long term. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, it was not possible to compare trough a meta analysis the immunological and the microbiological findings that were therefore analysed only descriptively.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT in patients with periodontitis appears to provide additional clinical benefits that depend on the duration, the frequency, the form and the strain of probiotic used.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This review not only shows data on the efficacy of probiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy, but provides important information on their effects over time and which forms of probiotic administration might be most clinically useful.
PubMed: 36915665
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.02.001 -
International Dental Journal Aug 2023Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a... (Review)
Review
Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a relationship between periodontitis and chronic migraines. This study aimed to review the association between chronic migraines and periodontitis through a systematic literature review. Four research databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink) were searched according to PRISMA guidelines to retrieve the studies included in this review. A search strategy was developed to answer the study question with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 34 published studies, 8 studies were included in this review. Three of the studies were cross-sectional, 3 were case-control, and 2 were clinical report and medical hypothesis papers. Seven of the 8 included studies showed that there is an association between periodontal disease and chronic migraine. The elevated blood levels of some biomarkers such as leptins, ProCalcitonin (proCT), calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs), Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Weak Inducer Of Apoptosis (sTWEAK) play a significant role in this association. The limitations include a small sample size, the influence of anti-inflammatory drugs, and a self-reported headache measure that is subject to misclassification bias. This systematic review reveals a supposed correlation between periodontal disease and chronic migraine, as evidenced by various biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. This suggests that periodontal disease could potentially contribute to the development of chronic migraine. However, to further assess the potential benefits of periodontal treatment in patients with chronic migraine, additional longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and interventional studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Migraine Disorders; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37225630
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.007 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are... (Review)
Review
: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are associated with reducing cariogenic pathogens and protecting against periodontal diseases, although the exact way they function in the mouth is not fully clear. Our study aimed to explore the use of PBs to improve oral health, focusing on issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, mucositis, and periimplantitis. : We utilized the Boolean keywords "Probiotics" AND "Oral health" to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was restricted to English-language papers published from 1 January 2019 to 13 April 2023. : A total of 3460 articles were found through our computerized search. After removing duplicates, reviewing the papers, and determining their relevance, 12 were selected for inclusion. : Assessing how bacteria in food or dietary supplements might alter the stable oral microbiota is a complex task. Although probiotic microorganisms have been found to have proven therapeutic benefits, their application in dental health is not yet solidly backed by evidence. Further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the long-term effects of probiotic bacteria on the oral environment, including their ability to colonize and form biofilms.
PubMed: 37765121
DOI: 10.3390/ph16091313 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023Various studies have examined the association between periodontitis and helicobacter pylori and reported conflicting results. The aimed of this systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Various studies have examined the association between periodontitis and helicobacter pylori and reported conflicting results. The aimed of this systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the association between these two variables.
METHODS
Electronic databases including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Sciences and Medline (Elsevier) were searched using the relevant keywords. All observational studies comparing the association between periodontitis and helicobacter pylori were considered. The Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) checklist was used for assessing quality of included studies. All statistical analyses were completed using STATA (Version 16).
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies with 8,638 patients (15 case-control with 2,366 patients and 8 cross-sectional with 6,272 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. After combining the selected studies, the odds of presence the Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with the periodontal disease was 2.47 (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.01, 3.03; I: 50.87%; P: 0.001). Also, the odds after combining case-control studies was 2.77 (OR: 2.77; % 95 CI: 2.11, 3.66; I: 37.16%; P: 0.049) and after combining cross-sectional analytical ones, it was equal to 2.07 (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.62, 2.65; I: 43.25%; P: 0.050).
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the periodontal disease is evident.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
PubMed: 37496045
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03232-3 -
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2024Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants, unknown long- and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants, unknown long- and short-term effects of the virus, and potential biological mechanisms underlying etiopathogenesis and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The role of the microbiome in human physiology and the initiation and progression of several oral and systemic diseases have been actively studied in the past decade. With the proof of viral transmission, carriage, and a potential role in etiopathogenesis, saliva and the oral environment have been a focus of COVID-19 research beyond diagnostic purposes. The oral environment hosts diverse microbial communities and contributes to human oral and systemic health. Several investigations have identified disruptions in the oral microbiome in COVID-19 patients. However, all these studies are cross-sectional in nature and present heterogeneity in study design, techniques, and analysis. Therefore, in this undertaking, we (a) systematically reviewed the current literature associating COVID-19 with changes in the microbiome; (b) performed a re-analysis of publicly available data as a means to standardize the analysis, and (c) reported alterations in the microbial characteristics in COVID-19 patients compared to negative controls. Overall, we identified that COVID-19 is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis with significant reduction in diversity. However, alterations in specific bacterial members differed across the study. Re-analysis from our pipeline shed light on Neisseria as the potential key microbial member associated with COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Microbiota; Mouth; Oropharynx; Saliva; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 37277934
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12489 -
Medicine Oct 2023Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD). RA... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD). RA patients with periodontitis (RA-PD) are associated with elevated inflammatory burden due to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Controlling upregulated MMPs activity in these patients may have potential therapeutic effects. Therefore, aim of this study is to address the focused question: "Do RA subjects with concurrent PD have different levels of MMPs in comparison to RA alone, PD alone and HC subjects?"
METHODS
The systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search from 4 electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) and manual search was performed from inception to July 2023. Quality assessment of each article was done using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses derived results were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
A total of 879 articles were extracted. Following screening and full text assessment, 9 studies were included. MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were consistently elevated in RA-PD subjects. MMP-8 levels were found to be higher in RA-PD subjects compared with RA alone, PD alone, and HC in 3 studies reporting GCF levels (SMD = 1.2; Z = 2.07; P = .04) and 2 studies reporting serum levels (SMD = 0.87; Z = 4.53; P < .00001).
CONCLUSION
RA-PD group showed significantly higher MMP levels in their serum and GCF compared with HC, RA, and PD alone individuals. MMP-8 may serve as a reliable biomarker in the diagnosis and management of RA-PD subjects.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Periodontitis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cytokines; Biomarkers; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3
PubMed: 37832126
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035340