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Journal of Education and Health... 2023Medicinal plants and herbal drugs are being used increasingly as part of primary health care in most parts of the world. As important adjunctive and alternative... (Review)
Review
Medicinal plants and herbal drugs are being used increasingly as part of primary health care in most parts of the world. As important adjunctive and alternative treatments for oral health care, herbal products' use may continue to increase and become more widespread. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive systematic review of the current published literature on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and herbal products employed to improve oral health in adolescents with a health promotion approach. The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords "herbal medicine," "herbal extract," "herbal supplements," "plant extract," "natural drug," "pulpitis," "dental caries," "oral viral diseases," and "abscess" were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search yielded 49 original research studies. A total of 22 studies had low or unclear risk bias. The geographical distribution of included studies was primarily concentrated on western countries. Overall, studies reported herbal product users' age, ranging from young adults aged 18 years to elderly people aged 75 years or older. Most studies reported multiple compounds, including herbal drugs and herbal extracts. Chamomile and Aloe vera were the most frequently reported herbal compounds. The most commonly described herbal products to treat oral diseases were gels, mouth rinses, and pastes. The studies included a range of people with oral diseases, including periodontal and gingival diseases, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, and oral candidiasis. Herbal product interventions were found to be effective and safe alternatives for oral health care. One of the most important goals of the World Health Organization (until 2015) is the oral health index, so it is important that dental services be followed up more seriously. Considering the problems in reaching this goal of the World Health Organization in our country, herbal products have the ability to improve clinical oral health outcomes in adolescents. Limited adverse side effects indicate the overall safety of these treatments for a wide range of oral diseases. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as well as alternative medicine is one of the useful methods in achieving this important goal of public health.
PubMed: 38023092
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1297_22 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2023To explore the existing salivary, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum biomarkers associated with grade C molar-incisor pattern (C/MIP) periodontitis in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To explore the existing salivary, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood, and serum biomarkers associated with grade C molar-incisor pattern (C/MIP) periodontitis in systemically healthy children and young adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies on stage III grade C periodontitis or former equivalent diagnosis with analysis of molecular biomarkers in saliva, GCF, blood, or serum were retrieved from six databases and screened based on the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was planned for biomarkers assessed using the same detection methods and sample type in at least two papers.
RESULTS
Out of 5621 studies identified at initial screening, 28 papers were included in the qualitative analysis of which 2 were eligible for meta-analysis for IgG in serum samples. Eighty-seven biomarkers were assessed with the majority being higher in cases than in controls. Only the meta-analysis of total serum IgG with low heterogeneity value revealed a significant increase in its levels in C/MIPs compared to controls (standardised mean difference: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.40).
CONCLUSION
There is a paucity of data on biomarkers associated with molar-incisor pattern periodontitis. Although serum IgG levels are raised, other more specific biomarkers in saliva, GCF, and blood/serum may be promising but require further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Young Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Incisor; Periodontitis; Biomarkers; Immunoglobulin G; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Saliva
PubMed: 37535199
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05169-x -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023A possible relationship between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes has been suggested. Hence, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A possible relationship between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes has been suggested. Hence, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the available evidence regarding the potential association between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published up to April 15, 2023. Studies that evaluated the association between PD and COVID-19 were included. Risk of bias was evaluated by two reviewers, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
A total of 22 studies involving 92,535 patients from USA, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and South America were included; of these, 12 were pooled into the meta-analysis. Most of the studies (19 studies) reported a significant association between PD and COVID-19. The pooled data found a significant association between PD and COVID-19 outcomes: more severe symptoms (OR = 6.95, P = 0.0008), ICU admissions (OR = 3.15, P = 0.0001), and mortality (OR = 1.92, P = 0.21). Additionally, compared to mild PD, severe PD was significantly associated with higher risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes: severe symptoms (P = 0.02); ICU admission (P = 0.0001); and higher mortality rates (P = 0.0001). The results also revealed 58% higher risk for COVID-19 infection in patients with PD (P = 0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
The present findings suggest a possible association between poor periodontal health and the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, owing to the observed methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, further prospective cohort studies with standardized methodologies are warranted to further unravel the potential association between periodontal disease and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; COVID-19; Periodontal Diseases; Europe; Hospitalization
PubMed: 37689665
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03378-0 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease where numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have a proven role in its pathology. These cytokines are also involved in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease where numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have a proven role in its pathology. These cytokines are also involved in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis (AP) where they have a pro-inflammatory role and induce bone resorption. Patients with RA may therefore be more prone to develop pulpal-periapical pathology (PPP). This study systematically reviewed the existing literature evaluating the association between RA and PPP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Studies including human participants with both RA and PPP were included. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search terms. The risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The following parameters were extracted and analyzed by the reviewers; author, journal, year, design of the study, diagnostic criteria for periapical pathology, the association between rheumatoid arthritis and periapical pathology, and the evidence level.
RESULTS
The search identified 142 records. Inclusion criteria were as follows; studies in the English language, including human participants only, including patients with RA and PPP, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical trials, and case-control studies. According to the inclusion criteria, 5 studies were included in this systematic review. Three of the five studies reported significant association between RA and PPP.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing evidence suggests there may be an association between RA and PPP.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinicians should be aware that RA patients can be more prone to develop PPP which may result in a reduced quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Periapical Periodontitis; Cytokines
PubMed: 37828236
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05305-7 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effects of corticotomy and flapless piezocision on accelerated tooth movement. : A comprehensive search using... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effects of corticotomy and flapless piezocision on accelerated tooth movement. : A comprehensive search using a combination of controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms was undertaken by two reviewers to identify published systematic reviews. Three major electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Embase) were searched up to 2 June 2023. : The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled standardized mean difference values of accumulative movement distances for flapless piezocision were 1.43 (95% CI, 0.38 to 2.48; < 0.01), 1.09 (95% CI, -0.08 to 2.26; = 0.07), and 0.73 (95% CI, -0.58 to 4.02; = 0.14). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled SMD values of accumulative movement distances for the corticotomy were 2.76 (95% CI, 0.18 to 5.34; = 0.04), 1.43 (95% CI, -1.10 to 3.96; = 0.27), and 4.78 (95% CI, -4.54 to 14.10; = 0.32). Although the test for overall effectiveness was significant for piezocision and corticotomy, there were no significant differences between piezocision and corticotomy. : The study determined that both conventional corticotomy and flapless piezosurgery are effective as adjuncts to orthodontic treatment. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effectiveness of canine retraction acceleration between conventional corticotomy and flapless piezocision. While piezocision may be a favorable option for orthodontic treatment, corticotomy can be considered in cases requiring additional procedures such as bone grafting.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Movement Techniques; Dental Care; Piezosurgery; Bone Transplantation; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37893522
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101804 -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2023The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on cytokines/adipocytokines levels among periodontitis patients with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on inflammatory-related cytokines/adipocytokines in periodontitis patients with or without obesity.
METHODS
We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement and registered the study (CRD42022375331) in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews. We screened randomized-controlled trials and controlled clinical trials from six databases up to December 2022. Quality assessment was performed with RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools for randomized trials and non-randomized trials, respectively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
We included seventeen references in the systematic analysis, and sixteen in the meta-analysis. Baseline results of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, serum C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin, were higher in obesity subjects than in normal weight subjects. The effect of NSPT with respect to levels of cytokines/adipocytokines, including IL-6, TNF-a, CRP/hs-CRP, resistin, adiponectin, leptin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), were then analyzed in the systematic and meta-analysis. After three months of NSPT, serum (MD = -0.54, CI = -0.62 - -0.46), and GCF (MD = -2.70, CI = -4.77 - -0.63) levels of IL-6, along with the serum RBP4 (MD = -0.39, CI = -0.68-0.10) decreased in periodontitis individuals with obesity. NSPT also improved GCF adiponectin levels after three months (MD = 2.37, CI = 0.29 - 4.45) in periodontitis individuals without obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Obese status altered the baseline levels of cytokines/adipocytokines (serum IL-6, serum and GCF TNF-a, serum CRP/hs-CRP, and serum and GCF resistin). Then NSPT can shift the levels of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators in biological fluids, both in obesity and non-obesity individuals. NSPT can reduce serum and GCF IL-6 levels together with serum RBP4 level in individuals with obesity after 3 months, besides, there is no sufficient evidence to prove that obese patients have a statistically significant decrease in the levels of other cytokines compared to patients with normal weight. NSPT can also increase GCF adiponectin level in normal weight individuals after 3 months. Our findings imply the potential ideal follow-up intervals and sensitive biomarkers for clinical bioanalysis in personalized decision-making of effect of NSPT due to patients' BMI value.
Topics: Humans; Cytokines; Adipokines; Resistin; C-Reactive Protein; Interleukin-6; Chronic Periodontitis; Adiponectin; Prospective Studies; Obesity; Biomarkers; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
PubMed: 37798684
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03383-3 -
Cureus Oct 2023The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to determine... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to determine whether patients with PD would be at greater risk of developing AD compared to periodontally healthy subjects. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search for cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control studies was conducted on five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus). No restrictions were applied to the language and year of publication. Exposure was PD, and the outcome of interest was the onset and/or progression of AD. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) designed for non-randomized studies. Six studies fulfilling the selection criteria were included in this systematic review. Four of the studies were of cohort design and two were of case-control design. All except one showed a significant association between PD and the risk of AD onset and progression. According to the NOS bias risk assessment, three studies were found to be of good quality, and three other cohort studies were of low quality. Data from this systematic review indicate that patients with PD present a significantly higher risk of AD compared to individuals with healthy periodontium. However, results should be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations found. For future research, powerful and comparable epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between PD and AD.
PubMed: 37916259
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46311 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2023To determine the relationship of lipoxin levels with inflammation and disease development in adults and children.
AIM
To determine the relationship of lipoxin levels with inflammation and disease development in adults and children.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review. The search strategy included Medline, Ovid, EMBASE, LILACS, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Open Gray. We included Clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies. Animal experiments were excluded.
RESULTS
We included fourteen studies in this review, nine consistently showing decreased lipoxin levels and anti-inflammatory markers or increased pro-inflammatory markers in cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, periodontitis, or autism. Five studies showed increased lipoxin levels and pro-inflammatory markers in pre-eclampsia, asthma, and coronary disease. On the other hand, one showed increased lipoxin levels and decreased pro-inflammatory marker levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Decreases in lipoxins are associated with developing pathologies such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases, indicating that lipoxins protect against these pathologies. However, in other pathologies, such as asthma, pre-eclampsia, and periodontitis, which are associated with chronic inflammation despite increased levels of LXA, the increase in inflammation suggests a possible failure of this regulatory pathway. Therefore, further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of LXA4 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Animals; Pregnancy; Humans; Lipoxins; Pre-Eclampsia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Inflammation; Asthma; Periodontitis
PubMed: 37316341
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.06.001 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Sep 2023Dental implants are considered an ideal treatment for a missing single tooth. Immediate loading of implants can hasten the procedure, providing comfort to the patients.... (Review)
Review
Dental implants are considered an ideal treatment for a missing single tooth. Immediate loading of implants can hasten the procedure, providing comfort to the patients. Recently, immediate loading of implants has gained much importance as it helps hasten the procedure and provides more comfort to patients. A previous systematic review published 5 years ago compared the success rates between immediate and conventional loading. There are several factors that influence the success rate of implants that were not discussed in detail in the previous review. Hence, the present systematic review is done to report differences in the outcomes from single implant restorations of missing teeth in the posterior region in patients who were subjected to immediate loading and conventional loading. A follow up for 1 year was done. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications in the English Language during May 2021. The search results yielded 306 articles, out of which 225 were excluded based on title and abstract screening. Screening of the remaining 81 full text articles yielded 14 original research articles that satisfied the predefined inclusion criteria. Meta analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the data. The overall success rate of the immediate loading of a single implant is 94.31%. Implants in the maxillary region had a higher survival rate than those in the mandibular region. The age range between 18 and 80 years showed good prognosis and outcomes in older individuals. Good oral hygiene was emphasized for all patients to prevent any secondary conditions or delays in healing.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Anodontia; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 37794532
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_884_22 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Sep 2023The goal of this systematic review was to analyze, in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), regenerative techniques used to treat -implantitis (PI). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this systematic review was to analyze, in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), regenerative techniques used to treat -implantitis (PI).
METHODS
Three databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and On-Line Knowledge Library) were accessed, applying the PICO strategy (Population [P], Intervention [I], Comparison [C], and Outcomes [O]), with the following focused questions: (i) "In patients who received regenerative treatments for -implantitis (P), is the regenerative surgical treatment (I) clinically effective and predictable compared to non-regenerative (C) to treat PI (O)?"; and (ii) "In patients who received regenerative treatments for -implantitis (P), the regenerative approach (I), compared to non-regenerative (C), significantly increase the prognosis and implant survival rate in the mid- and long-term (O)?" The inclusion criteria were RCTs published in English between 2012 and 2022, with at least a one-year follow-up, which applied regenerative techniques to treat -implantitis. Cochrane's collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias was used.
MAIN RESULTS
Nine articles were included with 404 patients (225 females and 179 males; mean age of 60.44 years). One study evaluated patients after 48 months and another after 88 months. The techniques and devices used were: (i) implantoplasty with Er:YAG laser, (ii) blood concentrate (growth factors), and (iii) EMD, with no statistically significant outcome. Two studies considered the use of titanium granules with a significant increase in radiographic bone identification, whereas regenerative techniques with bone graft (autogenous, alloplastic, and xenograft) were the majority chosen, associated or not, with a collagen membrane. Xenograft had better results radiographically when compared to the autogenous bone graft and presented better results for bone level. There was an overall decrease in bleeding on probing, independent of the control or test group, and a reduction in pocket depth in the groups analyzed. Titanium granules, EMD, Er:YAG laser, and CGF had non-significant results; better results were observed when using bone grafts. The RoB showed a low risk in four studies (44.44%), three with moderate (33.33%), and two with high risk (22.23%).
CONCLUSION
Surgical regenerative treatment was a predictable option in the management of PI and in improving the clinical parameters of -implant tissues in the short term, mainly when using porous titanium granules, alloplastic bone grafts, and xenografts.
PubMed: 37817791
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.05.022