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Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2024This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This review aimed to examine the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and trait narcissism, and whether the strength of this relationship differs depending on narcissism type (grandiose or vulnerable), the type of violence perpetrated, or the perpetrator's gender. Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and Academic Search Complete databases were searched on August 11, 2022. Studies were included if they were in English, measured IPV perpetration and trait narcissism, and examined the relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration. Studies were excluded if they were review papers, conference extracts, book chapters, or if the data was not specific to trait narcissism. The AXIS tool was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the studies. Twenty-two studies ( = 11,520 participants) were included in the random effects meta-analysis revealing a significant, weak, positive relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration, = .15. Subgroup analyses revealed physical IPV perpetration was not significantly related to trait narcissism while cyber and psychological IPV perpetration were significantly, positively, weakly related to trait narcissism. No significant difference in the strength of the relationship with IPV perpetration was found between males and females. The relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration was significantly greater for vulnerable narcissism than grandiose narcissism. Overall, the quality of the included studies was high, and risk of bias was low. All measures were self-report and underreporting could be present given both narcissistic traits and IPV perpetration are considered socially undesirable. Future research examining these relationships should specify IPV and narcissism types.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Intimate Partner Violence; Narcissism
PubMed: 37702183
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231196115 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2023Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO-PCI) is not usually offered because of skepticism about long-term clinical benefits. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO-PCI) is not usually offered because of skepticism about long-term clinical benefits.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the association of successful CTO-PCI with quality of life by analyzing the relevant domains of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ).
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify randomized trials and observational studies specifically addressing quality of life domains of SAQ from January 2010 to June 2022.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies included reporting SAQ metrics such as angina frequency, physical limitation, and quality of life, before and after CTO-PCI.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The present study was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements, in which fixed-effect or random-effect models with generic inverse-variance weighting depending on statistical homogeneity were applied. Data were extracted by 3 independent reviewers.
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was angina frequency; physical limitation and quality of life were assessed as secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
Seven prospective randomized or observational studies (2500 patients) were included, with a mean (SD) participant age of 61.2 (2.1) years. CTO-PCI was associated with significantly improved quality-of-life metrics during a mean (SD) follow-up of 14.8 (16.3) months. In patients with successful procedures, angina episodes became less frequent (mean [SD] difference for SAQ angina frequency of 12.9 [3.1] survey points [95% CI, 7.1-19.8 survey points]; standardized mean difference was 0.54 [95% CI, 0.21-0.92]; P = .002; I2 = 86.4%) and they experienced less physical activity limitation (mean [SD] difference for SAQ physical limitation of 9.7 [6.2] survey points [95% CI, 3.5-16.2 survey points]; standardized mean difference was 0.42 [95% CI, 0.24-0.55]; P < .001; I2 = 20.9%), and greater quality-of-life domain (mean [SD] difference for SAQ quality of life of 14.9 [3.5] survey points [95% CI, 7.7-22.5 survey points]; standardized mean difference was 0.41 [95% CI, 0.25-0.61]; P < .001; I2 = 58.8%) compared with patients with optimal medical therapy or failed procedure. Furthermore, follow-up duration (point estimate, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04; P = .01) was associated with a significant decrease in angina frequency in meta-regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this systematic review and meta-analysis examining quality of life following CTO-PCI, successful procedures were associated with improved quality-of-life parameters compared with patients on optimal medical therapy or after failed CTO-PCI. These findings suggest support for using PCI to treat CTOs in symptomatic patients unresponsive to medical treatment.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Coronary Occlusion; Angina Pectoris
PubMed: 37471086
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24522 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Nov 2023endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in extrauterine sites, which can trigger a chronic inflammatory...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in extrauterine sites, which can trigger a chronic inflammatory reaction. This disease mainly affects women of childbearing age and can have a negative impact on their physical, mental and social well-being. There are eating patterns considered as anti-inflammatory, such as the Mediterranean diet, which could help in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis. The objective of this review was to know the relationship between the consumption of different food groups and the prevention of endometriosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were consulted. Studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected, accessible in full text, written in English and Spanish and including a sample of women with endometriosis and/or healthy women, in addition to evaluating the relationship between diet and endometriosis. Unrelated articles, systematic reviews or meta-analyses, pilot studies and studies conducted in animals were excluded.
RESULTS
a total of ten studies were included. The consumption of fruits, vegetables (not cruciferous), dairy products, fish, potatoes, legumes, vitamins (A, C, D and B12), monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals (calcium, potassium and magnesium) seems to reduce the risk of endometriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
further studies investigating the relationship between consumption of different food groups and risk of endometriosis are needed.
PubMed: 38047410
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04909 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The use of saliva to monitor immune and hormonal responses in training, competitions, and during recovery is an easy and non-invasive alternative means of collecting... (Review)
Review
The use of saliva to monitor immune and hormonal responses in training, competitions, and during recovery is an easy and non-invasive alternative means of collecting samples compared to serum collection. Saliva can provide insight into a number of interesting biomarkers such as cortisol, testosterone, immunoglobulins, alpha-amylase, and melatonin, among others. High-intensity and exhaustive exercises, such as training or competition, provide variations in immune, protein and hormonal markers. An adequate recovery period, calming down, and recovery methods can contribute to a fast normalization of these markers, decreasing illness, as well as the likelihood of overtraining and injuries, but their effectiveness is still inconclusive. The aim of this review was to investigate the evidence of salivary markers in post-exhaustive exercise during the recovery period. This study is a systematic review from three electronic databases with studies from 2011 to 2021 within healthy humans. The search found 213 studies, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, while excluding duplicated studies, 14 studies were included in this review. The most cited salivary markers were cortisol and testosterone, as well as their ratio, alpha-amylase and IgA. Half of the studies applied a variety of recovery methods that showed controversial results over salivary markers' impact. However, they showed an impact on the markers from the exercise, which was still dependent on exercise intensity, methodology, and duration.
PubMed: 37505624
DOI: 10.3390/sports11070137 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of our systematic review was to examine the effects of any physical activity/exercise intervention combined with any diet/nutrition intervention on any biological/biochemical index, quality of life (QoL), and depression in breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate, stomach, and liver cancer patients and/or cancer survivors.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken, using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review protocol can be found in the PROSPERO database; registration number: CRD42023481429.
RESULTS
We found moderate-quality evidence that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and nutrition/diet reduced body mass index, body weight, fat mass, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and depression, while it increased high-density lipoprotein, the physical component of QoL, and general functional assessment of cancer therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that a combined intervention of physical activity/exercise and diet/nutrition may decrease body weight, fat mass, insulin levels, and inflammation, and improve lipidemic profile, the physical component of QoL, and depression in cancer patients and survivors. These outcomes indicate a lower risk for carcinogenesis; however, their applicability depends on the heterogeneity of the population and interventions, as well as the potential medical treatment of cancer patients and survivors.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Exercise; Quality of Life; Cancer Survivors; Diet; Depression; Male; Body Mass Index; Female
PubMed: 38892682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111749 -
BMJ Open Sep 2023The COVID-19 pandemic has tested global healthcare resilience. Many countries previously considered 'resilient' have performed poorly. Available organisational and...
OBJECTIVES
The COVID-19 pandemic has tested global healthcare resilience. Many countries previously considered 'resilient' have performed poorly. Available organisational and system frameworks tend to be context-dependent and focus heavily on physical capacities. This study aims to explore and synthesise evidence about healthcare resilience and present a unified framework for future resilience-building.
DESIGN
Systematic review and synthesis of reviews using a meta-narrative approach.
SETTING
Healthcare organisations and systems.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Definitions, concepts and measures of healthcare resilience. We used thematic analysis across included reviews to summarise evidence on healthcare resilience.
RESULTS
The main paradigms within healthcare resilience include global health, disaster risk reduction, emergency management, patient safety and public health. Definitions of healthcare resilience recognise various hierarchical levels: individual (micro), facility or organisation (meso), health system (macro) and planetary or international (meta). There has been a shift from a focus on mainly disasters and crises, to an 'all-hazards' approach to resilience. Attempts to measure resilience have met with limited success. We analysed key concepts to build a framework for healthcare resilience containing pre-event, intra-event, post-event and trans-event domains. Alongside, we synthesise a definition which dovetails with our framework.
CONCLUSION
Resilience increasingly takes an all-hazards approach and a process-oriented perspective. There is increasing recognition of the relational aspects of resilience. Few frameworks incorporate these, and they are difficult to capture within measurement systems. We need to understand how resilience works across hierarchical levels, and how competing priorities may affect overall resilience. Understanding these will underpin interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral and multi-level approaches to healthcare resilience for the future.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022314729.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Health Facilities; Patient Safety; Disasters
PubMed: 37730383
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072136 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new hypoglycemic drug, tirzepatide, for treating obesity based on indicators such as BMI, waist circumference,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new hypoglycemic drug, tirzepatide, for treating obesity based on indicators such as BMI, waist circumference, and body weight.
METHODS
A search formula was written using search terms such as "tirzepatide," "overweight," and "obesity." A comprehensive search was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science using a computer. Random controlled trial (RCT) literature was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extracting the data, literature bias risk assessment and meta-analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. The search deadline is from the establishment of each database to May 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 12 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 11,758 patients. Meta analysis results showed that compared with the glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RAs), placebo and insulin groups, tirzepatide could significantly reduce the BMI (body mass index) of patients [MD = -1.71, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.95), < 0.00001], [MD = -3.99, 95% CI (-3.69, -2.45), < 0.00001], [MD = -4.02, 95% CI (-4.72, -3.31), < 00.00001]. In terms of decreasing waist circumference, tirzepatide has a more significant advantage [MD = -4.08, 95% CI (-5.77, -2.39), < 0.00001], [MD = -7.71, 95% CI (-10.17, -5.25), < 0.00001], [MD = -9.15, 95% CI (-10.02, -8.29), < 0.00001]. In the analysis of body weight, tirzepatide showed a more significant reduction effect compared to the control group [MD = -5.65, 95% CI (-7.47, -3.82), < 0.001], [MD = -10.06, 95% CI (-12.86, -7.25), < 0.001], [MD = -10.63, 95% CI (-12.42, -8.84), < 0.001]. In comparison with placebo, tirzepatide had a prominent advantage in weight loss ≥20% and ≥25% [RR = 30.43, 95% CI (19.56, 47.33), < 0.00001], [RR = 37.25, 95% CI (26.03, 53.30), < 0.00001]. Subgroup analysis showed a dose-dependent therapeutic effect. In terms of safety, compared with the placebo and insulin groups, the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions was markedly higher in the tirzepatide group, slightly higher to the GLP-1 RAs group. The hypoglycemic (<70 mg/dL) risk of tirzepatide was slightly higher to that of placebo and GLP-1 RAs, but significantly lower than that of the insulin group [RR = 0.46, 95% CI (0.36, 0.58), < 0.001]. The incidence of other adverse events, including pancreatitis, cholecystitis, major adverse cardiovascular events-4, hypersensitivity reactions, and neoplasms did not show significant statistical differences compared to the control group ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Tirzepatide, as a weight loss drug, significantly reduces BMI, waist circumference and body weight while gastrointestinal adverse reactions need to be vigilant. Overall, its efficacy is significant and its safety is high.
Topics: Humans; Body Weight; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulins; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38356942
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1277113 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Feb 2024The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Multidomain interventions for sarcopenia and cognitive flexibility in older adults for promoting healthy aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Age-related declines in muscle mass and cognitive abilities significantly contribute to frailty and dependency. Thus, this study focuses on a meticulous analysis of the protective effects of multidomain interventions, an emerging resource combating age-related declines. It seeks to underscore their profound impact on cognitive flexibility and sarcopenia, highlighting their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of aging. To identify relevant randomized controlled trials up to November 2023, we reviewed eight online academic databases, following PERSiST guidelines, PRISMA reporting system, and PICOs criteria. Meta-analyses on selected functional outcomes utilized a random-effects model, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test, Victoria Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. Out of 2082 scrutinized articles, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 8 in the meta-analysis. Positive effects (p = 0.05, I = 57%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05) were observed in cognitive flexibility for certain interventions. Similarly, interventions addressing muscle strength demonstrated improvements in the Sit to Stand Test for the exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.02, I = 0%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physical activity as a primary component of public health interventions for promoting healthy aging and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. Future interventions may explore more homogeneous approaches and evaluate the impact of thrice multidomain weekly sessions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Healthy Aging; Postural Balance; Time and Motion Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cognition
PubMed: 38386173
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02700-2 -
International Journal of Cardiology.... Jun 2024In compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we conducted this systemic review on the prevalence, mechanism, and therapy of... (Review)
Review
In compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we conducted this systemic review on the prevalence, mechanism, and therapy of sleep disorder in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). After searching PubMed and Embase, 78 articles were selected for this review. This review discusses the bidirectional relationship between CVD and sleep disorders. Sleep impairment is highly prevalent in patients with CVD and mainly involves insomnia and sleep-breathing disorders. Several valuable biomarkers could be implicated in predicting sleep disorders in CVD patients, such as placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor family, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, endoglin, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, erythropoietin. Moreover, non-drug therapies, namely physical exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and continuous positive airway pressure benefit the prognosis of patients with CVD. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of sleep quality, which is responsible for long- and short-term cardiac outcomes in patients with CVD.
PubMed: 38549735
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200257 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Apr 2024Sarcopenia is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, including mortality. Diagnosis depends on adopted consensus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, including mortality. Diagnosis depends on adopted consensus definition and cutoff values; thus, prevalence rates are generally heterogeneous. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the global prevalence of sarcopenia and its traits across the wide spectrum of CKD. A systematic search was conducted using databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, for observational studies reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia. We considered sarcopenia according to the consensus definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project, and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Subgroup analyses by CKD stages, consensus, and gender were performed. Pooled prevalence was obtained from random-effect models. A total of 140 studies (42 041 patients) across 25 countries were included in this systematic review and meta-analyses. Global prevalence of sarcopenia was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.9-28.3) and did not differ among stages (P = 0.33). Prevalence varied according to the consensus definition from 11% to 30%, with no significant difference (P = 0.42). Prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 21.0% (95% CI: 11.7-32.0), with higher rates for patients on dialysis (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.6-37.1) compared to non-dialysis (3.0%, 95% CI: 0-11.1; P < 0.01). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 10.8% (95% CI: 3.5-21.2). Regarding sarcopenia traits, low muscle strength was found in 43.4% (95%CI: 35.0-51.9), low muscle mass in 29.1% (95% CI: 23.9-34.5), and low physical performance in 38.6 (95% CI: 30.9-46.6) for overall CKD. Prevalence was only higher in patients on dialysis (50.0%, 95% CI: 41.7-57.4) compared to non-dialysis (19.6%, 95% CI: 12.8-27.3; P < 0.01) for low muscle strength. We found a high global prevalence of sarcopenia in the wide spectrum of CKD. Low muscle strength, the primary sarcopenia trait, was found in almost half of the overall population with CKD. Patients on dialysis were more prevalent to low muscle strength and severe sarcopenia. Nephrology professionals should be aware of regularly assessing sarcopenia and its traits in patients with CKD, especially those on dialysis.
Topics: United States; Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Prevalence; Muscle Strength; Obesity; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 38263952
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13425