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Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2024To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the dental caries and periodontal status in patients aged 0 to 18 years with non-syndromic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Characterization of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the oral microbiota with the dental and periodontal status in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiota and the relationship of the dental caries and periodontal status in patients aged 0 to 18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was carried out. Five databases were consulted, including publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The evaluations of the quality of the observational studies and the experimental studies were carried out with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and CONSORT guidelines, respectively. The risk of bias of the studies was determined using Rev Manager 5.4, and 5 publications were meta-analyzed.
RESULTS
The cariogenic microbiota of children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate was similar to that of children without clefts, although with higher counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The periodontopathogenic microbiota was related to the presence of Campylobacter spp, Fusobacterium spp, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Parvimonas micra and Porphyromonas gingivalis, considered microorganisms with high pathogenic capacity. Heterogeneity was shown in relation to the microbiota and the type of fissure, presenting numerous microorganisms associated with the pre- and post-surgical condition (cheilorrhaphy and palatorrhaphy) such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta hemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, Moraxella catarrhalis, Candida spp, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The meta-analysis revealed that patients with cleft lip and palate were 2.03 times more likely to have caries than the control group (p<0.005).
CONCLUSION
In the microbiota, there was a great diversity of microorganisms that can vary according to the type of fissure and surgical interventions predisposing patients to a greater probability of dental caries, it is important to take into account the technique used to describe the oral microbiota in order to be able to compare the different studies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Studying the microbiota and the relationship of dental caries and periodontal status in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate can facilitate the comprehensive care of patients with these conditions.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Dental Caries; Microbiota
PubMed: 38587683
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05624-3 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The study aims to systematically identify the alterations in gut microbiota that observed in gastric cancer through comprehensive assessment of case-control studies.
OBJECTIVES
The study aims to systematically identify the alterations in gut microbiota that observed in gastric cancer through comprehensive assessment of case-control studies.
METHODS
The systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify case-control studies that compared the microbiomes of individuals with and without gastric cancer. Quality of included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Meta-analyses utilized a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess study heterogeneity. All data analyses were performed using the "metan" package in Stata 17.0, and the results were described using log odds ratios (log ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 33 studies involving 4,829 participants were eligible for analysis with 29 studies provided changes in α diversity and 18 studies reported β diversity. Meta-analysis showed that only the Shannon index demonstrated statistical significance for α-diversity [-5.078 (-9.470, -0.686)]. No significant differences were observed at the phylum level, while 11 bacteria at genus-level were identified significant changed, e.g., increasing in [5.474, (0.949, 9.999)] and [5.095, (0.293, 9.897)] and decreasing in and with the same [-8.602, (-11.396, -5.808)]. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the changes of 9 bacterial genus were robust. Subgroup analyses on countries revealed an increasing abundance of and in Koreans with gastric cancer, whereas those with gastric cancer from Portugal had a reduced . Regarding the sample sources, the study observed an increase in and in the gastric mucosa of people with gastric cancer, alongside and . However, the relative abundance of decreased compared to the non-gastric cancer group, which was indicated in fecal samples.
CONCLUSION
This study identified robust changes of 9 bacterial genus in people with gastric cancer, which were country-/sample source-specific. Large-scale studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these changes.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Unique Identifier: CRD42023437426 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023437426.
PubMed: 38812681
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406526 -
Cancers Mar 2024(1) Background: The relationship between periodontitis and systemic pathologies continues to grow. Recently, the presence of periodontal pathogens has been linked to an... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: The relationship between periodontitis and systemic pathologies continues to grow. Recently, the presence of periodontal pathogens has been linked to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) and its mortality. Thus, a systematic review is needed to identify whether an association between the two diseases can be established. The objective of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this association. (2) Methods: A systematic review was carried out using three databases (PubMed, Embase and Scopus) with the following keywords "Periodontitis AND pancreatic cancer". A total of 653 articles were retrieved; before selection and screening, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, resulting in a total of 13 articles being included in the review. (3) Results: The increase in low-grade systemic inflammation, pH changes, and the cytotoxicity of certain periodontopathogenic bacteria were found in the scientific literature reviewed as mechanisms linking periodontitis with the risk of PC. (4) Conclusions: Through this systematic review, we have seen how periodontitis can be related to PC and how it worsens its prognosis. Knowing the behavior of periodontopathogenic bacteria and the influence they have on our immune and inflammatory system may help to achieve an interdisciplinary approach to both pathologies.
PubMed: 38610935
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071257 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024The presence of peri‑implant inflammation including peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis, is a crucial factor that impacts the long-term stability and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The presence of peri‑implant inflammation including peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis, is a crucial factor that impacts the long-term stability and success of dental implants. This review aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant therapy option for managing peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis.
METHODS
We systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (no time limitation). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.
RESULTS
Of 322 eligible articles, 14 studies were included in this review. The heterogeneity and poor quality of the articles reviewed prevented a meta-analysis. The reviewed articles used a light source (60 s, 1 session) with a wavelength of 635 to 810 nm for optimal tissue penetration. These studies showed improved clinical parameters such as probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index after aPDT treatment. However, in smokers, BOP increased after aPDT. Compared to conventional therapy, aPDT had a longer-term antimicrobial effect and reduced periopathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as inflammatory factors such as Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). No undesired side effects were reported in the studies.
CONCLUSION
Although the reviewed articles had limitations, aPDT showed effectiveness in improving peri‑implant mucositis and peri‑implantitis. It is recommended as an adjunctive strategy for managing peri‑implant diseases, but further high-quality research is needed for efficacy and long-term outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Peri-Implantitis; Mucositis; Photosensitizing Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38278339
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103990 -
Pharmaceutics Jul 2023() is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally... (Review)
Review
() is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has previously demonstrated antibacterial potential in vitro against multiple bacterial species, including . The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of HA as an adjunctive topical antibacterial agent to non-surgical mechanical therapy of periodontitis in reducing the prevalence of in subgingival biofilms. Five clinical studies were identified that satisfied the eligibility criteria. Only three trials were suitable for the meta-analysis as they provided data at three and six months. Data on the prevalence of in each study were collected. The odds ratio (OR) for measuring the effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to the available data. The results did not favor the use of HA during non-surgical mechanical therapy to reduce the prevalence of in subgingival biofilm (odd ratio = 0.95 and 1.11 at three and six months, consecutively). Within their limitations, the current data do not indicate an advantage for using HA during mechanical periodontal therapy to reduce the prevalence of .
PubMed: 37514069
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071883 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024Periodontitis is a disease linked to severe dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. The treatment of periodontitis aims to change the dysbiosis environment to a... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a disease linked to severe dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. The treatment of periodontitis aims to change the dysbiosis environment to a symbiosis environment. We hypothesized that oral microbiota transplantation can lead to a significant improvement in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microbiota transplantation after standard periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients. The search strategy was carried out by using the Boolean term "AND" to combine the keywords, which were "periodontitis AND microbiota transplantation". Due to the limited resources of the study, we included both in vitro and in vivo investigations in this systematic review. The QUIN risk of bias tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in in vitro studies, while SYRCLE's risk of bias assessment was used for in vivo studies. Oral microbiota transplants (OMTs) have shown potential in treating periodontitis. OMTs significantly reduced periodontitis-associated pathogenic microbial species (, , sp.) and increased beneficial bacteria (, , , , , and upon in vitro testing. Furthermore, in the in vivo tests, single adjunctive OMT also had an effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement. OMTs may be cheaper and more effective at addressing high-risk individuals. At present, it is not possible to provide OMT clinical advice due to the lack of available information. This treatment needs to be subjected to more safety and efficacy testing before being included human clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38674317
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040672 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023The current literature suggests the significant role of foam cells in the initiation of atherosclerosis through the formation of a necrotic core in atherosclerotic...
BACKGROUND
The current literature suggests the significant role of foam cells in the initiation of atherosclerosis through the formation of a necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, an important periodontal pathogen called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is indicated to play a significant role in this regard. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively study the pathways by which P. gingivalis as a prominent bacterial species in periodontal disease, can induce foam cells that would initiate the process of atherosclerosis formation.
METHODS
An electronic search was undertaken in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify the studies published from January 2000 until March 2023. The risk of bias in each study was also assessed using the QUIN risk of bias assessment tool.
RESULTS
After the completion of the screening process, 11 in-vitro studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further assessments. Nine of these studies represented a medium risk of bias, while the other two had a high risk of bias. All of the studies have reported that P. gingivalis can significantly induce foam cell formation by infecting the macrophages and induction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake. This process is activated through various mediators and pathways. The most important factors in this regard are the lipopolysaccharide of P. gingivalis and its outer membrane vesicles, as well as the changes in the expression rate of transmembrane lipid transportation channels, including transient receptor potential channel of the vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4), lysosomal integral protein 2 (LIMP2), CD36, etc. The identified molecular pathways involved in this process include but are not limited to NF-κB, ERK1/2, p65.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that P. gingivalis can effectively promote foam cell formation through various pathogenic elements and this bacterial species can affect the expression rate of various genes and the function of specific receptors in the cellular and lysosomal membranes. However, due to the moderate to high level of risk of bias among the studies, further studies are required in this regard.
Topics: Humans; Foam Cells; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Macrophages; Atherosclerosis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 37442956
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03183-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has... (Review)
Review
The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has spread over many specialties in dentistry and, thus, has also been gaining popularity in periodontal treatment. Its two main fractions are platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which, since 2014, can also be used via injection as injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It involved searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the phrases ("Root Planing" OR "Subgingival Curettage" OR "Periodontal Debridement") AND ("Platelet-Rich Plasma"). Based on the authors' inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 results were included in the review, out of 1170 total results. The objective of this review was to ascertain the impact of utilizing PRP and i-PRF in SRP. The results revealed that both the incorporation of PRP and i-PRF were found to be significantly associated with are duction in gingival pocket depth and again in clinical attachment level; however, i-PRF demonstrated superiority in improving clinical parameters. Furthermore, i-PRF demonstrated notable bactericidal efficacy against . On the other hand, PRP proved inferior to an Nd:YAG laser in clinical parameter improvement; however, it demonstrated significant efficiency as well. This literature review led the authors to the conclusion that autologous platelet concentrates might be competent agents for improving the therapeutic outcomes of SRP.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Injections
PubMed: 38928026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126319