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Biology of Sex Differences Jan 2024The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most frequent cause of dementia-is expected to increase as life expectancies rise across the globe. While sex-based... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most frequent cause of dementia-is expected to increase as life expectancies rise across the globe. While sex-based differences in AD have previously been described, there remain uncertainties regarding any association between sex and disease-associated molecular mechanisms. Studying sex-specific expression profiles of regulatory factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to more accurate disease diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
A systematic review identified six studies of microRNA expression in AD patients that incorporated information regarding the biological sex of samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. A differential microRNA expression analysis was performed, considering disease status and patient sex. Subsequently, results were integrated within a meta-analysis methodology, with a functional enrichment of meta-analysis results establishing an association between altered miRNA expression and relevant Gene Ontology terms.
RESULTS
Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in blood samples revealed the alteration of sixteen miRNAs in female and 22 miRNAs in male AD patients. We discovered nine miRNAs commonly overexpressed in both sexes, suggesting a shared miRNA dysregulation profile. Functional enrichment results based on miRNA profiles revealed sex-based differences in biological processes; most affected processes related to ubiquitination, regulation of different kinase activities, and apoptotic processes in males, but RNA splicing and translation in females. Meta-analyses of miRNA expression profiles in brain samples revealed the alteration of six miRNAs in female and four miRNAs in male AD patients. We observed a single underexpressed miRNA in female and male AD patients (hsa-miR-767-5p); however, the functional enrichment analysis for brain samples did not reveal any specifically affected biological process.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex-specific meta-analyses supported the detection of differentially expressed miRNAs in female and male AD patients, highlighting the relevance of sex-based information in biomedical data. Further studies on miRNA regulation in AD patients should meet the criteria for comparability and standardization of information.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Alzheimer Disease; MicroRNAs; Brain
PubMed: 38297404
DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00588-1 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Aug 2023Management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is still challenging. Despite the diagnostic ascertainment by bioptic examination, this method is poorly... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is still challenging. Despite the diagnostic ascertainment by bioptic examination, this method is poorly informative of the prognosis and subsequent malignant transformation. Prognosis is based on histological findings by grading of dysplasia. Immunohistochemical expression of p16 has been investigated in different studies, with controversial results. In this scenario, we systematically revised the current evidence about p16 immunohistochemical expression and the risk of malignization of OPMDs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
After a proper set of keywords combination, 5 databases were accessed and screened to select eligible studies. The protocol was previously registered on PROSPERO (Protocol ID: CRD42022355931). Data were obtained directly from the primary studies as a measure to determine the relationship between CDKN2A/P16 expression and the malignant transformation of OPMDs. Heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated by different tools, such as Cochran's Q test, Galbraith plot and Egger and Begg Mazumdar's rank tests.
RESULTS
Meta-analysis revealed a twofold increased risk to malignant development (RR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.36-2.96 - I = 0%). Subgroup analysis did not highlight any relevant heterogeneity. Galbraith plot showed that no individual study could be considered as an important outlier.
CONCLUSION
Pooled analysis showed that p16 assessment may arise adjunct tool to dysplasia grading, leading to an optimized determination of the potential progression to cancer of OPMDs. The p16 overexpression analysis by immunohistochemistry techniques has a multitude of virtues that may facilitate its incorporation in the day-to-day prognostic study of OPMDs.
Topics: Humans; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Precancerous Conditions; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 37406376
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154656 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Jan 2024Glucocorticoids are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for a variety of diseases, despite the fact that resistance to them is growing in a number of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glucocorticoids are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for a variety of diseases, despite the fact that resistance to them is growing in a number of conditions. There is currently no biomarker that can be used to identify steroid resistance. According to a number of studies, an overexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor beta (GR-β) isoform is associated with steroid-resistant illness. Our goal is to find out whether or not steroid-resistant disorders are associated with an increased level of GR-β expression.
METHODS
We conducted searches in the databases of Web of Science and PubMed until January 17, 2023. This systematic review was done according to the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies.
RESULTS
After the initial search, we identified 556 papers and finally included 20 studies. Twelve of these studies found an elevated level of GR-β in the steroid resistant group. All five studies on asthma, two out of three on nasal polyps, both studies on ulcerative colitis found an up regulation of GR-β in steroid resistant group as compared to steroid-sensitive groups. GR-β was also shown to be elevated in patients with allergic rhinitis, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In the majority of the investigations, higher levels of GR-β were identified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the use of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
CONCLUSION
GR-β was associated with steroid-resistant diseases. It was overexpressed in steroid-resistant diseases and has the potential to be used as a biomarker for disorders involving steroid resistance.
Topics: Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Glucocorticoids; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 38270313
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1137 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that overexpression of p53 immunoprotein was significantly associated with progression risk of oral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that overexpression of p53 immunoprotein was significantly associated with progression risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). However, the results of investigations on TP53 genetic typing in OPMD were inconsistent and inconclusive.
METHODS
A systematic evaluation was conducted to identify all eligible case-control studies on the association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with both onset and progression of OPMD.
RESULTS
A total of 768 OPMD patients and 1173 healthy individuals were identified from 12 eligible case-control studies on TP53 codon 72 polymorphism OPMD onset. In overall and subgroup analyses, no significantly risk of OPMD onset was observed in the cases for genetic models including allele C vs. G, homozygote CC vs. GG, heterozygote GC vs. GG, dominant GC + CC vs. GG, and recessive CC vs. GG + GC (all P-value of association test > 0.05). Further, a total of 465 OPMD patients and 775 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ones were identified from 8 eligible case-control studies on this polymorphism in OPMD progression to OSCC. The analyses revealed that there was also no significantly risk of OPMD progression in the cases for the genetic models (all P-value of association test > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our data of a pooled-analysis indicates that TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may not act as genetic factor for the risk of OPMD onset and progression. Combined with the conclusion by a systematic review and meta-analysis, we put forward a new opinion that TP53 genetic typing cloud not influence p53 protein expression in OPMD.
Topics: Humans; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Codon
PubMed: 37697274
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03316-0 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been observed in a wide range of human tumors, and there is an increasing evidence demonstrated that HSPs play a key...
BACKGROUND
Overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been observed in a wide range of human tumors, and there is an increasing evidence demonstrated that HSPs play a key role in tumor progression. Several studies were conducted to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of HSPs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results remain controversial. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The eligible literature was obtained from PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang databases. We used the odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) as the suitable parameters to assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic value of HSPs in HCC patients.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis results showed that HSPs expression was associated with overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (HR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.22-2.13, =0.001, = 62.7%). In addition, the pooled results suggested that HSPs expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.08-1.65, = 0.907), vascular invasion (OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.02-1.69, = 0.921) and lymphatic metastasis (OR=1.98, 95%CI= 1.70-2.31, = 0.740). Meanwhile, the subgroup analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression of HSP27 (HR=1.69, 95%CI = 1.24-2.31, = 0.674) and HSP90α (HR=2.03, 95%CI = 1.73-2.40, = 0.743) with OS of HCC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis confirms that HSPs expression is closely associated with a worse prognosis in HCC patients, and may be directly involved in tumor differentiation and distant metastasis. In addition, the subgroup analysis results demonstrate that the expression of HSP27 and HSP90α can be served as potential prognostic predictors of HCC.
PubMed: 37601679
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169979 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Chemokines orchestrate many aspects of tumorigenic processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastatic spread, and related receptors are expressed on tumor cells as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Chemokines orchestrate many aspects of tumorigenic processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastatic spread, and related receptors are expressed on tumor cells as well as on inflammatory cells (e.g., tumor-infiltrating T cells, TILs) in the tumor microenvironment. Expressional changes of chemokines and their receptors in solid cancers are common and well known, especially in affecting colorectal cancer patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this current systematic review and meta-analysis was to classify chemokines as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science. Information on the chemokine expression of 25 chemokines in colorectal cancer tissue and survival data of the patients were investigated. The hazard ratio of overall survival and disease-free survival with chemokine expression was examined. The risk of bias was analyzed using Quality in Prognosis Studies. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact on overall respectively disease survival. For this purpose, the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for calculation. Twenty-five chemokines were included, and the search revealed 5556 publications. A total of thirty-one publications were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 was associated with both a significantly reduced overall survival (HR = 2.70, 95%-CI: 1.57 to 4.66, = 0.0003) as well as disease-free survival (HR = 2.68, 95%-CI: 1.41 to 5.08, = 0.0026). All other chemokines showed either heterogeneous results or few studies were available. The overall risk of bias for CXCR4 was rated low. At the current level of evidence, this study demonstrates that CXCR4 overexpression in patients with colorectal cancer is associated with a significantly diminished overall as well as disease-free survival. Summed up, this systematic review and meta-analysis reveals CXCR4 as a promising prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, more evidence is needed to evaluate CXCR4 and its antagonists serving as new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chemokines; Receptors, CXCR4; Disease-Free Survival
PubMed: 38791414
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105374 -
Cell Journal Jan 2024Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 () is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on...
Clinical Implications and Prognostic Value of Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Expression as A Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 () is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on correlation between LGR5 expression and poor prognosis/ clinicopathological parameters in cancer patients. Therefore, our purpose in conducting this study was to investigate correlation between expression and outcomes of cancer patients under study through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were searched and collected using EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until December 21, 2022. This study was conducted to examine correlation between expression and different clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of the included cancer patients. To achieve this, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as statistical measures. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Finally, 53 studies including 9523 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significantly, high-level expression of was related to poor prognosis in terms of OS, higher tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis, and presence of lymph node metastasis. It was discovered through subgroup analysis that several factors, including the study area, evaluation method, and type of cancer, can influence the correlation between expression and negative prognosis in cancer patients. According to the results of our study, overexpression was related to poor OS in cancer patients. In addition, clinicopathological data indicated an unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients with high expression. In conclusion, may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting survival in certain cancer types.
PubMed: 38351725
DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2010157.1396 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell surface adhesion molecule overexpressed in cancer stem cells, has been implicated in chemoresistance. This scoping review,... (Review)
Review
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell surface adhesion molecule overexpressed in cancer stem cells, has been implicated in chemoresistance. This scoping review, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, systematically identified and evaluated clinical studies on the impact of CD44 expression on chemotherapy treatment outcomes across various cancer types. The search encompassed PubMed (1985-2023) and SCOPUS (1936-2023) databases, yielding a total of 12,659 articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis using a predefined data extraction table. Data collected included the cancer type, sample size, interventions, control, treatment outcome, study type, expression of CD44 variants and isoforms, and effect of CD44 on chemotherapy outcome. Most of the studies demonstrated an association between increased CD44 expression and negative chemotherapeutic outcomes such as shorter overall survival, increased tumor recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy, indicating a potential role of CD44 upregulation in chemoresistance in cancer patients. However, a subset of studies also reported non-significant relationships or conflicting results. In summary, this scoping review highlighted the breadth of the available literature investigating the clinical association between CD44 and chemotherapeutic outcomes. Further research is required to elucidate this relationship to aid clinicians in managing CD44-positive cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Hyaluronan Receptors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38542115
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063141 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Mar 2024colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common carcinoma worldwide, but a lack of effective prognostic markers limits clinical diagnosis and treatment. Yes-associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common carcinoma worldwide, but a lack of effective prognostic markers limits clinical diagnosis and treatment. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is an effector of the HIPPO-pathway, which plays a critical role in cancer development and prognosis, including CRC. However, previous reports have suggested that it plays a dual role in CRC.
METHODS
a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.0 was performed to evaluate the relationship between YAP1 and clinical outcomes of CRC, after searching for eligible studies in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases. Online datasets GEPIA and LOGpc were also used to calculate survival results and for comparison with the meta-analysis results. Besides, "DESeq" packages were used for the expression analysis of YAP1 from the TCGA dataset.
RESULTS
YAP1 was overexpressed in the cancer tissues when compared to normal tissues in patients with CRC from the TCGA database (p = 0.000164) and GEPIA database. A total of 10 studies involving 2305 patients from the literature were selected. Pooled HR indicated that overexpression of YAP1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes (HR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.28-2.26, p = 0.0003). Subgroup analysis showed a clear correlation between overexpression of YAP1 and worse survival rate in Chinese patients (HR = 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.40-2.69, p = 0.0001), nuclear YAP1 overexpression (HR = 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.29-3.31, p = 0.003), 60 months of follow-up (HR = 1.89, 95 % CI: 1.30-2.73, p = 0.0008), IHC test (HR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.17-2.33, p = 0.005), IHC combined with other tests (HR = 1.77, 95 % CI: 1.13-2.77, p = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.24-2.31, p = 0.0009). Nevertheless, disease-free survival (DFS) showed no significant results in the patients with CRC in our meta-analysis (HR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 0.51-3.75, p = 0.52) as well as in the GEPIA and LOGpc databases. Meanwhile, YAP1 overexpression was also significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in GSE17536, GSE40967, GSE29623 and GSE71187.
CONCLUSION
YAP1 overexpression is common in CRC tissues. Overexpression of YAP1 in CRC patients, particularly in the nucleus, might be related to shorter OS, maybe in the early stages. YAP1 could serve as a potential predictor of poor prognosis in CRC.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Carcinoma; Databases, Factual; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36177818
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.8472/2021 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2024The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been reported to play crucial roles in various malignancies. However, the clinical significance of TRIM proteins in colorectal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been reported to play crucial roles in various malignancies. However, the clinical significance of TRIM proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TRIM proteins and the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes in patients with CRC.
METHODS
We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether TRIM is a prognostic factor in CRC. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Weipu databases were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated the association between TRIM proteins and overall survival (OS), as well as the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived and pooled using a fixed-effects model.
RESULTS
From inception to March 2023, we extracted study characteristics and prognostic data for each identified study. Twelve studies enrolling 1608 patients were eligible for inclusion. Data on OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were available for 12 and 2 studies, respectively. The pooled analysis results showed a significant correlation between the elevated TRIM proteins and shorter OS (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.96-2.99) and worse RFS (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.78-3.54) in patients with CRC. The combined ORs indicated that TRIM protein over-expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.25-4.10), deep tumor invasion (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04-3.88), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.19-4.09) and perineural invasion (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.18-3.23).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that TRIM proteins can predict tumor progression and poor prognosis in CRC. Therefore, TRIM proteins may be promising therapeutic targets for patients with CRC.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Tripartite Motif Proteins; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38678238
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12280-z