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Psychological Medicine Dec 2023People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a transdiagnostic construct, and it is unclear whether it manifests itself similarly in other conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD), or has specific features in BD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis explored ED and adopted emotion regulation (ER) strategies in BD compared with other psychiatric conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to April 28th, 2022. Studies implementing validated instruments assessing ED or ER strategies in BD and other psychiatric disorders were reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies yielding multiple comparisons were included. BD was compared to MDD in 20 studies ( = 2451), to BPD in six studies ( = 1001), to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in three studies ( = 232), to anxiety disorders in two studies ( = 320), to schizophrenia in one study ( = 223), and to post-traumatic stress disorder in one study ( = 31). BD patients did not differ from MDD patients in adopting most adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. However, small-to-moderate differences in positive rumination and risk-taking behaviors were observed. In contrast, patients with BPD presented an overall higher degree of ED and more maladaptive ER strategies. There were insufficient data for a meta-analytic comparison with other psychiatric disorders. The present report further supports the idea that ED is a transdiagnostic construct spanning a continuum across different psychiatric disorders, outlining specific clinical features that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotional Regulation; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Borderline Personality Disorder; Emotions
PubMed: 37842774
DOI: 10.1017/S003329172300243X -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Sep 2023Mindfulness yoga is a type of exercise that emphasizes the integration of mindfulness or meditation into yoga. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mindfulness yoga is a type of exercise that emphasizes the integration of mindfulness or meditation into yoga. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness yoga intervention on major depressive disorder (MDD) patients.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching nine databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data knowledge service platform, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) from inception to April 2023. Primary outcomes included the severity of depression. Secondary outcomes included anxiety and rumination.
RESULTS
Nine RCTs met our inclusion criteria (n = 581). The meta-analysis showed that mindfulness yoga significantly has a significant effect on depression (SMD = -0.53; 95%CI = -0.96 to -0.11; P < 0.05) among MDD patients. The only two RCTs involved also showed that mindfulness yoga could alleviate the anxiety level of MDD patients after intervention (SMD = -1.08; 95%CI = -1.64 to -0.52; P < 0.05). Meta-analysis did not reveal positive effects of the mindfulness yoga groups on rumination after intervention based on three RCTs (SMD = -0.33; 95%CI = -0.89 to 0.23; P > 0.05), but found a significant difference in the follow-up period based on two RCTs (MD = -7.42; 95%CI = -11.27 to -3.56; P < 0.05), compared with the control groups.
CONCLUSION
Although we were unable to provide conclusive evidence to support the effectiveness of mindfulness yoga in improving symptoms in MDD patients, we found the literature included in this study indicated that mindfulness yoga might have a potential benefit for MDD patients and should be a feasible, acceptable, and promising intervention.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Yoga; Meditation; Mindfulness; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37684609
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04141-2 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Oct 2023Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to work-related potential traumatic events and have an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However,... (Review)
Review
Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to work-related potential traumatic events and have an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms implicated in this relationship are not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk and protective factors related to the development of PTSD in firefighters. According to PRISMA, a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) was used as the methodological quality indicator of the selected articles (PROSPERO reference CRD42020213009). Prognostic studies involving active firefighters with presence of post-traumatic symptomatology, presenting original findings, and written in Spanish or English were included. A total of 1768 potentially eligible articles were identified. According to the inclusion criteria, 87 articles were selected to evaluate the full text. Finally, 19 articles were included, comprising 12,298 active firefighters. There is high heterogeneity in the variables evaluated in the different studies. Taking the data for which this review has found more evidence (moderate support), operational stress, job duration, burnout, expressive suppression and rumination could be risk factors of PTSD, and belongingness and dispositional mindfulness could be protective factors. Other variables with weak support (e.g. resilience) were analysed. This review analyses the available literature, highlighting its scarcity for future research on the subject. Due to repeated trauma exposure, it is important to continue investigations and bear these variables in mind for the prevention of PTSD in firefighters.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Firefighters; Resilience, Psychological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35521996
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221082944 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Dec 2023Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is increasingly used to manage Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs). This systematic review aimed to review the evidence for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is increasingly used to manage Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs). This systematic review aimed to review the evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-based interventions for patients with gastroduodenal DGBIs.
METHODS
Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched in July 2022. Studies were included if they investigated the effects of a CBT-based intervention on gastrointestinal symptoms and/or psychological outcomes pre- and post-intervention in patients with gastroduodenal DGBIs. Case studies, studies not in English, and studies with patients under 18 years were excluded. Results were synthesised narratively, and standardised effect sizes were calculated where possible.
RESULTS
Nine studies (seven RCTs and two pre/post studies) were identified, with data reported in 10 articles (total N = 602). The studies investigated patients with functional dyspepsia (n = 7), rumination syndrome (n = 1), and supragastric belching (n = 1). The studies had heterogeneous interventions, methodologies, and outcomes, precluding meta-analysis, as well as a moderate-high risk of bias and high drop-outs rates. Findings demonstrated decreased gastrointestinal symptoms and improved anxiety, depression, and quality of life, from pre- to post-intervention, with medium to large effect sizes for symptoms and small to large effect sizes for psychological outcomes. Efficacy was maintained at follow-up, up to one year later.
CONCLUSIONS
This review suggests promising evidence that CBT effectively improves gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological outcomes in patients with gastroduodenal DGBIs. However, heterogeneity, risk of bias, and lack of statistical reporting were noted, indicating the need for more robust research and standardisation.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Anxiety Disorders; Brain; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37832277
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111516 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Mar 2024Pre-event and post-event rumination have been consistently identified by cognitive models as important maintaining factors in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Pre-event and post-event rumination have been consistently identified by cognitive models as important maintaining factors in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological treatment in reducing pre-event and post-event rumination in adults with social anxiety. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 eligible studies, with 1524 total participants. Psychological treatments demonstrated large significant within-group effect sizes (from pre- to post-treatment) in reducing pre-event rumination (g = 0.86) and post-event rumination (g = 0.83). Subgroups analysed showed CBT to have large significant effect sizes in reducing pre-event rumination (g = 0.97) and post-event rumination (g = 0.85). Interventions that specifically addressed rumination were found to be significantly more effective in reducing pre-event rumination than those that did not (p = .006). Both individual and group treatment formats were equally effective in reducing pre-event rumination and post-event rumination. Meta-regressions revealed that pre-event rumination treatment effects were significantly larger in individuals with higher baseline social anxiety, meanwhile post-event rumination treatment effects were larger for those with higher baseline depression. Overall findings show that pre-event and post-event rumination are effectively reduced through psychological treatment, and clinical implications for the enhancement of evidence-based treatment protocols are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Psychosocial Intervention; Phobia, Social; Anxiety
PubMed: 38142483
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102823 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jan 2024Prior studies reported mixed effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents with ADHD, but they were mainly cross-sectional and... (Review)
Review
Prior studies reported mixed effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents with ADHD, but they were mainly cross-sectional and without controls. To clarify the impact, we searched Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and PsychINFO until 18/11/2023 and conducted a systematic review of controlled longitudinal cohort studies (Prospero: CRD42022308166). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality. We identified 6 studies. Worsening of mental health symptoms was more evident in ADHD or control group according to symptom considered and context. However, those with ADHD had more persistent elevated symptoms and remained an at-risk population. Sleep problems deteriorated more significantly in those with ADHD. Lower pre-COVID emotion regulation skills and greater rumination were associated with worse mental health outcomes, and longer screen time with poorer sleep. Quality was rated as low in most studies, mainly due to self-report outcome measures and no information on attrition rates. Despite these limitations, results suggest a predominantly negative impact on youths with ADHD and may guide clinical practice and policy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Mental Health; COVID-19; Longitudinal Studies; Pandemics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38065419
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105502