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Nursing Open Oct 2023The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesize evidence from experimental studies conducted to measure and conceptualize self-efficacy within... (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe and synthesize evidence from experimental studies conducted to measure and conceptualize self-efficacy within the context of nursing education and the transition of nursing students to practice as a registered practitioners.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
Papers were screened by four independent reviewers, and data were extracted using a standardized data extraction tool. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance and checklists were used to guide this review.
RESULTS
The review included 47 studies, using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design (n = 39) and randomized control trials (n = 8). Various teaching and learning interventions were used to enhance self-efficacy; however, there is no definitive conclusion to be drawn regarding the most effective educational interventions. Various instruments were used in the studies to measure self-efficacy. 10 of these were related to general self-efficacy, while 37 instruments measured self-efficacy in the context of specific skills.
Topics: Humans; Self Efficacy; Education, Nursing; Learning; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 37421389
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1931 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2023The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to retrieve English-language articles published between 2015 and July of 2022, investigating assessment of SDL learning outcomes. Extracted data included the sample size, field of study, study design, SDL activity type, SDL assessment method, number of SDL assessments used, study quality, number of SDL components present utilising the framework the authors developed, and SDL activity outcomes. We also assessed relationships between SDL assessment method and number of SDL components, study quality, field of study, and study outcomes.
RESULTS
Of the 141 studies included, the majority of study participants were medical (51.8%) or nursing (34.8%) students. The most common SDL assessment method used was internally-developed perception surveys (49.6%). When evaluating outcomes for SDL activities, most studies reported a positive or mixed/neutral outcome (58.2% and 34.8%, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between both number and type of assessments used, and study quality, with knowledge assessments (median-IQR 11.5) being associated with higher study quality ( < 0.001). Less than half (48.9%) of the studies used more than one assessment method to evaluate the effectiveness of SDL activities. Having more than one assessment (mean 9.49) was associated with higher quality study ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our systematic review suggest that SDL assessment practices within undergraduate health professions education vary greatly, as different aspects of SDL were leveraged and implemented by diverse groups of learners to meet different learning needs and professional accreditation requirements. Evidence-based best practices for the assessment of SDL across undergraduate healthcare professions education should include the use of multiple assessments, with direct and indirect measures, to more accurately assess student performance.
Topics: Humans; Health Occupations; Learning; Motivation; Qualitative Research; Program Evaluation; Self-Directed Learning as Topic; Students, Medical; Students, Nursing; Students, Health Occupations
PubMed: 36919556
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2189553 -
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Dec 2023In recent years, flipped classrooms (FCs) have gained popularity in higher education, particularly among healthcare students. The FC model is a blended learning approach... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, flipped classrooms (FCs) have gained popularity in higher education, particularly among healthcare students. The FC model is a blended learning approach that combines online learning with in-class activity. This has prompted many instructors to assess how they teach and prepare successful graduate students for today's society. Additionally, colleges and universities have been challenged to deliver curricula that are relevant to the needs of students and to provide the rising skills and knowledge that are expected to be acquired by students.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to evaluate the flipped classroom teaching approach in pharmacy education and to provide a summary of the guidance for the introduction and implementation of the flipped classroom model in pharmacy educational programs.
METHOD
This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Eight databases were cross-screened by four reviewers, following key terms and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A form was developed to extract relevant data from the reviewers. Qualitative data within the studies reporting students' and educators' perceptions and views on the FC model were also analyzed using a thematic analysis. Studies were appraised using the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for qualitative research.
RESULTS
The reviewers screened 330 articles, of which 35 were included in the review. The themes identified were implementation, academic performance outcomes, student satisfaction with the flipped classroom model, and long-term knowledge retention. Most studies (68%) have found that flipped learning enhances students' success and exam performance. Six studies reported no statistically significant difference in academic performance. However, two studies reported lower long-term knowledge retention in FC learning than in lecture-based learning. The students' perceptions of the FC approach were assessed in 26 studies, and the majority reported positive feedback. However, some students found the pre-class homework difficult to complete before class, and some expressed dissatisfaction with the inconsistent grading and unclear assessment questions in the FC model. Overall, the FC model was found to enhance the students' critical thinking and communication skills, self-confidence, and time management.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this review indicate that pharmacy students generally found the flipped classroom model preferable to traditional lectures. However, this preference is conditional on the effective implementation of this approach and alignment within the core instructional elements. The issue of increased workload for students associated with self-directed pre-class learning may present a challenge.
PubMed: 38033750
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101873 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2024burns represent a pivotal component of trauma in Brazil, accounting for 2 million incidents and 2,500 deaths annually. Self-intentional burns are associated with a worse... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
burns represent a pivotal component of trauma in Brazil, accounting for 2 million incidents and 2,500 deaths annually. Self-intentional burns are associated with a worse prognosis, larger burned surface area, higher infection rates, and death. The lack of studies on the issue of self-immolation raises epidemiological questions regarding Brazilian victims. This study aimed to investigate the profile of burn events associated with self-injurious behavior among Brazilian victims.
METHODS
this systematic review was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and evaluated the correlation between self-injurious behavior as a cause of burns in Brazilian victims and its epidemiological implications in the last 20 years (2003-2023). The MeSH terms "Burns", "Self-Injurious Behavior", "Epidemiology" and "Brazil" were queried in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases, and, after selection by inclusion/exclusion criteria, the most relevant studies were critically analyzed.
RESULTS
From 1,077 pre-selected studies, 92 were potentially eligible, resulting in 7 manuscripts incorporated in this review. From 3,510 burned victims assembled in the pool of selected studies, 311 cases displayed self-injurious behavior. Burned patients who attempted to burn their lives have a higher risk of death (p<0.05; RR=5.1 [3.2-8.1]) and larger burned surface area (p<0.05; MD=19.2 [10-28.2]), compared to accidental cases. Moreover, the female gender was at a higher risk of attempting self-immolation (p<0.05; RR=4.01 [2.9-5.5]).
CONCLUSION
our results show that self-inflicted burn cases were associated with a larger burned surface area and a higher risk of death, and the female gender was identified as a relevant risk factor in Brazil.
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Burns; Self-Injurious Behavior; Female; Male
PubMed: 38716915
DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20243665-en -
New Solutions : a Journal of... May 2024Workers' compensation systems aim to financially support injured workers. However, seeking compensation often leads to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This...
Workers' compensation systems aim to financially support injured workers. However, seeking compensation often leads to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This review examines previous studies to investigate the relationship between workers' compensation and mental health and self-harm outcomes. A three-tiered search strategy across five databases identified studies that examined workers' compensation claims as an exposure or risk factor, with outcomes related to mental health, self-harm and suicidality. Nine full-text studies were included; however, heterogeneity limited generalizability. Most studies supported an association between pursuing compensation and poorer mental health and self-harm outcomes. Some studies attributed this to specific aspects of the system such as justice perception and navigation of the claims system. Findings suggest an association between workers' compensation and mental health or self-harm outcomes. Inconclusive findings highlight the need for further research. Understanding the psychiatric impacts of pursuing compensation is crucial to help formulate a more accessible compensation system.
PubMed: 38767147
DOI: 10.1177/10482911241254836 -
Public Health in Practice (Oxford,... Dec 2023This review summarizes women's acceptability of vaginal self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in Latin America. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes women's acceptability of vaginal self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in Latin America.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHOD
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase regarding the acceptance of HPV vaginal self-sampling by women over 18 years old. Articles were selected for research that was conducted in Latin America and published between January 1st, 1993, and December 31st, 2022.
RESULTS
Fifteen publications were included. Eight publications reported an acceptance of HPV self-sampling as high as 80%, six papers found an acceptance rate between 50 and 80% and only one found an acceptance rate of less than 50%. Based on non-standardized questionnaires, women considered self-sampling more comfortable, easier, and less painful than conventional cytology. The procedure was associated with less embarrassment and a greater sense of privacy.
CONCLUSION
HPV vaginal-self sampling appears to be an acceptable screening method amongst eligible Latin American women.
PubMed: 37564780
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100417 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023Self-perception of health status (quality of life) is considered one of the best indicators of health and well-being. However, during pregnancy, it could be impacted not... (Review)
Review
Self-perception of health status (quality of life) is considered one of the best indicators of health and well-being. However, during pregnancy, it could be impacted not only by physiological and anatomical changes, but by poor lifestyle habits like high sedentary behaviour or bad nutrition. This study assesses the effects of physical activity RCT interventions during pregnancy on both mental and physical components of quality of life. A systematic review and two meta-analyses were performed (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022370467). Of the 207 articles captured both in English and Spanish, seven articles were deemed eligible for inclusion. The two analyses performed found that physically active pregnant women had better scores of mental self-perception of quality of life (z = 2.08, = 0.04; SMD = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.67, I = 76%, P = 0.0004) and in physical self-perceived health status (z = 2.19, = 0.03; SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.63, I = 71%, P = 0.002) compared to control group pregnant women. Physical activity interventions could potentially increase mental and physical self-perception of quality of life during pregnancy.
PubMed: 37685615
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175549 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2023The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of restorations or restorative materials affect the type of selected resin cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search (1991-2023) was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases by combinations of related keywords.
RESULTS
A total of 68 articles were included to review the selection criteria based on the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and performance of resin cements for different types of PCRs.
CONCLUSIONS
The survival and success of PCRs are largely affected by appropriate cement selection. Self-curing and dual-curing resin cements have been recommended for the cementation of metallic PCRs. The PCRs fabricated from thin, translucent, and low-strength ceramics could be adhesively bonded by light-cure conventional resin cements. Self-etching and self-adhesive cements, especially dual-cure types, are not generally indicated for laminate veneers.
Topics: Resin Cements; Ceramics; Dental Cements; Cementation
PubMed: 37427500
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.761 -
Cureus Aug 2023Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with significant implications for the health and well-being of children. The prevalence of childhood obesity is... (Review)
Review
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with significant implications for the health and well-being of children. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing every decade, making it a recognized public health concern. This systematic review aims to explore and evaluate the impact of school-based interventions on reducing pediatric obesity among school-aged children. A systematic review of literature according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was conducted. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane were the databases used. After screening for bias, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality, 27 studies were included in the systematic review, and data were synthesized. The results show that physical activity reduces obesity and improves cardiovascular health. The nutritional change reduces the risk of obesity more than physical activity alone. When blended, the two provide the most benefits for participants. Motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral change could help maintain the improvements. Schools should adopt a blend of physical activity and nutritional change to reduce prevent, reduce, and manage obesity.
PubMed: 37692730
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43153 -
Schizophrenia Research Jul 2024There is a general consensus that schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by major changes in the sense of self. Phenomenological studies suggest that these changes in the... (Review)
Review
There is a general consensus that schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by major changes in the sense of self. Phenomenological studies suggest that these changes in the sense of self stem from a basic disturbance, hence the term 'basic self-disturbance'. While imaging studies demonstrate changes in various regions during self-focused tasks, the exact neural correlates of such basic self-disturbances remain unclear. If the self-disturbance is indeed basic and thereby underlies all other symptoms, one would expect it to be related to more global rather than local changes in the brain. Testing this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review of fMRI studies on self in SZ. Our main findings are 1. Abnormal activity related to the self can be observed in a variety of different regions ranging from higher-order transmodal to lower-order unimodal regions, 2. These findings hold true across different tasks including self-reflection, self-referentiality, and self-agency, and 3. The global neural abnormalities related to the self in SZ correspond to all layers of the self, predominantly the mental and exteroceptive self. Such global neural disturbance of self converges well with the basic self-disturbance as described in phenomenology.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Self Concept; Brain; Ego; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 38820980
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.015