-
Journal of Attention Disorders Sep 2023In this review, we examined if there is a deficit in facial recognition of emotion (FER) in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity...
OBJECTIVE
In this review, we examined if there is a deficit in facial recognition of emotion (FER) in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
BACKGROUND
Emotional regulation is impaired in ADHD. Although a facial emotion recognition deficit has been described in this condition, the underlying causal mechanisms remain unclear.
METHODS
The search was performed in six databases in September 2022. Studies assessing children, adolescents, or adults with isolated or comorbid ADHD that evaluated participants using a FER task were included.
RESULTS
Twelve studies out of 385 were selected, with participants ranging in age from 6 to 37.1 years. A deficit in FER specific to ADHD, or secondary to comorbid autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and oppositional symptoms, was found.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a FER deficit in patients with ADHD. Adults showed improved recognition accuracy, reflecting partial compensation. ADHD symptoms and comorbidities appear to influence FER deficits.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Facial Recognition; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Emotions; Recognition, Psychology; Facial Expression
PubMed: 36843351
DOI: 10.1177/10870547231154901 -
PloS One 2024To evaluate the efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in full-thickness macular holes (MHs) with a size of ≤400 μm compared to the ILM... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in full-thickness macular holes (MHs) with a size of ≤400 μm compared to the ILM peeling technique.
METHODS
Related literatures that compared inverted ILM flap and ILM peeling in MHs ≤ 400 μm were reviewed by searching electronic databases including Pubmed, EMbase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library up to April 2023. The primary outcome measure was hole closure rate, and the secondary outcome measures were the mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity, and outer status of the retinal layers, including the external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone. The quality of the articles was assessed according to the revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In the case of heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, and publication bias was visually evaluated using a funnel plot.
RESULTS
This review included six studies with 610 eyes for the primary outcome and 385 eyes for the secondary outcomes, which were two randomized control trials and four retrospective studies. Pooled data revealed that the overall MH closure rate was 99.4% in the inverted ILM flap group and 96.2% in the ILM peeling group, without significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.82~18.69; P = 0.09). The inverted ILM flap technique did not have a favorable effect on the BCVA, retinal sensitivity, or recovery of the outer retinal layers. These results were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis of the different follow-up periods. No significant publication bias was observed.
CONCLUSION
In eyes with MHs of ≤400 μm, both techniques demonstrated excellent surgical outcomes without significant differences. Therefore, surgical techniques can be selected according to surgeon preferences.
Topics: Retinal Perforations; Humans; Surgical Flaps; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38683767
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302481 -
European Journal of Translational... Jan 2024The primary aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises on balance in older adults. We also...
The primary aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises on balance in older adults. We also sought to define how researchers describe proprioceptive and sensory-motor training and their respective protocols. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed in March 2023. Both authors carried out independent searches using the PubMed and PEDro databases. From a total of 320 identified records, 12 studies were deemed eligible for meta-analysis after screening and removal of duplicates. The average PEDro score was 5.11 ± 1.11 indicating overall fair quality of studies. Common outcome measures included the Berg balance scale, Timed up and go test, Tinetti balance scale, Functional reach test and various single-leg stance tests. All outcomes were significantly improved by the interventions (standard mean difference = 0.65 - 1.29), with little difference between proprioceptive and sensorimotor training. However, the quality of evidence ranged from "very low" to "low" based on GRADE guidelines, suggesting further high-quality studies are needed. This review underscores the potential benefits of sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercises for enhancing balance in older adults, while also highlighting the ambiguity and inconsistency regarding the usage of the terms proprioceptive and sensorimotor training.
PubMed: 38213185
DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12010 -
PloS One 2024Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have emerged as the most common therapeutic approach for the management of diabetic macular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
Comparative efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor on diabetic macular edema diagnosed with different patterns of optical coherence tomography: A network meta-analysis.
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have emerged as the most common therapeutic approach for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME). Despite their proven superiority over other interventions, there is a paucity of data regarding the relative effectiveness of anti-VEGF agents in treating DME diagnosed with different patterns of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this regard, we conducted a systematic review and comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and conbercept in the management of DME with diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular edema (CME), and serous retinal detachment (SRD) patterns identified using OCT. Our study encompassed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data from their inception until January 25, 2023. The network meta-analysis involved the inclusion of 1606 patients from 20 retrospective studies with a moderate risk of bias but no evidence of publication bias. The DRT group had the highest increase in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with anti-VEGF, while the SRD group had the greatest reduction in Central Macular Thickness (CMT). Furthermore, conbercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab, respectively, showed the best treatment outcomes for patients with DRT, CME, and SRD in terms of improvement in BCVA. And, conbercept exhibited the highest reduction in CMT in the DRT, CME, and SRD groups. In conclusion, our study highlights the efficacy of anti-VEGF agents in the management of DME and provides valuable insights into the selection of anti-VEGF agents tailored to the individual needs of patients.
Topics: Humans; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Diabetic Retinopathy; Intravitreal Injections; Macular Edema; Network Meta-Analysis; Ranibizumab; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38848379
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304283 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2024This study aims to compare the efficacy of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs) (excluding bifocal SCLs) with single vision contact lenses or spectacles... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare the efficacy of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs) (excluding bifocal SCLs) with single vision contact lenses or spectacles in controlling myopia progression.
METHOD
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until October 2023. The literature was thoroughly screened based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous data.
RESULTS
A total of 11 articles comprising 787 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled results demonstrated that the peripheral add multifocal SCLs groups exhibited significantly reduced refraction progression (MD = 0.20; 95%CI, 0.14 ∼ 0.27; P<0.001) and less axial length elongation (MD=-0.08; 95%CI, -0.09∼-0.08; P<0.001) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in high-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity between the two groups (MD = 0.01; 95%CI, -0.00 ∼ 0.02; P = 0.19). However, the group using single-vision lenses had better low-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity compared to those using peripheral add multifocal SCLs (MD = 0.06; 95%CI, 0.02 ∼ 0.10; P = 0.004). Data synthesis using a random-effects model indicated an incidence of contact lens-related adverse events of 0.065 (95%CI, 0.048 ∼ 0.083).
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis signifies that peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses are effective in slowing down the progression of myopia and reducing axial elongation.
Topics: Humans; Myopia; Visual Acuity; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Refraction, Ocular; Vision Tests; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 38627653
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03408-7 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024Age is an important risk factor for both glaucoma and cataract. As global life expectancy continues to rise, the prevalence of concomitant open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Age is an important risk factor for both glaucoma and cataract. As global life expectancy continues to rise, the prevalence of concomitant open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and cataracts is increasing. Currently, there is a lack of definitive consensus on the optimal management approach for such individuals. Conventionally, trabeculectomy (Trab) in combination with phacoemulsification is the preferred method. Recent developments in microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), which offer similar results with fewer complications, provide a new possible approach to this condition. This study aimed to assess the current knowledge of combination surgery in patients with cataract and OAG to provide a comprehensive understanding and help its implementation in clinical settings. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in May 2021 on five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, Proquest, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library). The results were filtered for English and human studies but not publication year. All studies published up to May 2021 were reviewed. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and PEDro scale were used to screen studies for risk of bias where appropriate. Four studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were subsequently added in this review. Study designs consisted of one RCT and three descriptive studies. Appropriate assessment tools were used; these studies demonstrated moderate to good quality. Postoperative mean IOP, IOP reduction, and qualified success rates were comparable in the Phaco-MIGS (Phaco-endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP), Phaco-ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT)) and Phaco-Trab group. Severe complication was reported only in the latter. Phaco-MIGS (in particular, trabectome) shows excellent promise as an option for individuals with OAG and concomitant cataract; further research through RCT is required to validate these findings.
Topics: Humans; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Trabeculectomy; Cataract; Intraocular Pressure; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38648451
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1322_23 -
PloS One 2024A wealth of research has investigated the associations between bilingualism and cognition, especially in regards to executive function. Some developmental studies reveal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A wealth of research has investigated the associations between bilingualism and cognition, especially in regards to executive function. Some developmental studies reveal different cognitive profiles between monolinguals and bilinguals in visual or audio-visual attention tasks, which might stem from their attention allocation differences. Yet, whether such distinction exists in the auditory domain alone is unknown. In this study, we compared differences in auditory attention, measured by standardized tests, between monolingual and bilingual children. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in three electronic databases: OVID Medline, OVID PsycInfo, and EBSCO CINAHL. Twenty studies using standardized tests to assess auditory attention in monolingual and bilingual participants aged less than 18 years were identified. We assessed the quality of these studies using a scoring tool for evaluating primary research. For statistical analysis, we pooled the effect size in a random-effects meta-analytic model, where between-study heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. No substantial publication bias was observed based on the funnel plot. Further, meta-regression modelling suggests that test measure (accuracy vs. response times) significantly affected the studies' effect sizes whereas other factors (e.g., participant age, stimulus type) did not. Specifically, studies reporting accuracy observed marginally greater accuracy in bilinguals (g = 0.10), whereas those reporting response times indicated faster latency in monolinguals (g = -0.34). There was little difference between monolingual and bilingual children's performance on standardized auditory attention tests. We also found that studies tend to include a wide variety of bilingual children but report limited language background information of the participants. This, unfortunately, limits the potential theoretical contributions of the reviewed studies. Recommendations to improve the quality of future research are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Multilingualism; Attention; Child; Auditory Perception; Adolescent; Cognition
PubMed: 38691540
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299393 -
PloS One 2024Several studies have reported the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), while some ophthalmologists are concerned... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Several studies have reported the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), while some ophthalmologists are concerned that TCM may be a risk factor for CSC as some chinese herbs contain hormonal ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM in treating patients with CSC. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of TCM for CSC were searched up to July 10, 2023 on the following biological databases without language and publication time restrictions: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed). Review Manager V.5.4.1 and Stata 14 software were used for data analysis. Finally, thirty-eight studies were finally included including 23 RCTs and 15 cohort studies. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the routine treatment alone, the combination of TCM can not only reduce the recurrence rate (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21,0.40; I2 = 0%) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (MD = - 35.63, 95% CI: - 45.96,-25.30; I2 = 89%) of CSC, but improve patients' best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.62,1.11; I2 = 77%); additionally, it has no obvious side effects compared with routine treatment (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.39,1.34; I2 = 10%). Overall, this study shows that the use of TCM does not increase the risk of CSC recurrence; on the contrary, the combination of TCM may reduce the recurrence of CSC and improve BCVA and CRT in patients with CSC compared with conventional treatment.
Topics: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38905170
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304972 -
Translational Psychiatry Jan 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is marked by altered processing of emotional stimuli, including facial expressions. Recent neuroimaging research has attempted to...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is marked by altered processing of emotional stimuli, including facial expressions. Recent neuroimaging research has attempted to investigate how these stimuli alter the directional interactions between brain regions in those with MDD; however, methodological heterogeneity has made identifying consistent effects difficult. To address this, we systematically examined studies investigating MDD-associated differences present in effective connectivity during the processing of emotional facial expressions. We searched five databases: PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using a preregistered protocol (registration number: CRD42021271586). Of the 510 unique studies screened, 17 met our inclusion criteria. These studies identified that compared with healthy controls, participants with MDD demonstrated (1) reduced connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the amygdala during the processing of negatively valenced expressions, and (2) increased inhibitory connectivity from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to amygdala during the processing of happy facial expressions. Most studies investigating the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex noted differences in their connectivity; however, the precise nature of these differences was inconsistent between studies. As such, commonalities observed across neuroimaging modalities warrant careful investigation to determine the specificity of these effects to particular subregions and emotional expressions. Future research examining longitudinal connectivity changes associated with treatment response may provide important insights into mechanisms underpinning therapeutic interventions, thus enabling more targeted treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Brain Mapping; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotions; Facial Recognition; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 38272868
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02734-0