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American Journal of Public Health Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Ohio; Railroads; Accidents; Learning
PubMed: 37384876
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307353 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Aug 2023Motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers often involve passengers in the teen's vehicle and occupants of other vehicles, and the full cost burden for all individuals is...
BACKGROUND
Motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers often involve passengers in the teen's vehicle and occupants of other vehicles, and the full cost burden for all individuals is largely unknown. This analysis estimated direct hospitalisation and emergency department charges for teen-involved crashes by teen culpability, comparing charges for the teen driver, passengers and occupants of other vehicles.
METHODS
Probabilistic linkage was performed to link the Iowa police crash reports with Iowa emergency department and Iowa hospital inpatient data. Teen drivers aged 14-17 involved in a crash from 2016 through 2020 were included. Teen culpability was determined through the crash report and examined by teen and crash characteristics. Direct medical charges were estimated from charges through linkage to the Iowa hospital inpatient and the Iowa emergency department databases.
RESULTS
Among the 28 062 teen drivers involved in vehicle crashes in Iowa between 2016 and 2020, 62.1% were culpable and 37.9% were not culpable. For all parties involved, the inpatient charges were $20.5 million in culpable crashes and $7.2 million in non-culpable crashes. The emergency department charges were $18.7 million in teen culpable crashes and $6.8 million in teen non-culpable crashes. Of the $20.5 million total inpatient charges in which a teen driver was culpable, charges of $9.5 million (46.3%) were for the injured teen driver and $11.0 million (53.7%) for other involved parties.
CONCLUSIONS
Culpable teen-involved crashes lead to higher proportions of injury and higher medical charges, with most of these charges covering other individuals in the crash.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Accidents, Traffic; Hospitalization; Databases, Factual; Emergency Service, Hospital; Automobile Driving
PubMed: 37147120
DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044841 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jan 2024BACKGROUND Rationing of nursing care (RONC) has been associated with poor patient outcomes and is a growing concern in healthcare. The aim of this systematic study was...
BACKGROUND Rationing of nursing care (RONC) has been associated with poor patient outcomes and is a growing concern in healthcare. The aim of this systematic study was to investigate the connection between patient safety and the RONC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A thorough search of electronic databases was done to find research that examined the relationship between restricting nurse services and patient safety. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two reviewers (M.L. and A.P.) independently screened the titles and abstracts, and full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Data were extracted, and a quality assessment was performed using appropriate techniques. RESULTS A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included in the review demonstrated a correlation between rationing of nursing care and patient safety. The results of these studies revealed that there is an inverse relationship between rationing of nursing care and patient safety. The review found that when nursing care is rationed, there is a higher incidence of falls, medication errors, pressure ulcers, infections, and readmissions. In addition, the review identified that the work characteristics of nurses, such as workload, staffing levels, and experience, were associated with RONC. CONCLUSIONS RONC has a negative impact on patient safety outcomes. It is essential for healthcare organizations to implement effective strategies to prevent the RONC. Improving staffing levels, workload management, and communication amo0ng healthcare providers are some of the strategies that can support this.
Topics: Humans; Health Care Rationing; Patient Safety; Accidental Falls; Communication; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38196186
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942031 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Negative emotions of drivers may lead to some dangerous driving behaviors, which in turn lead to serious traffic accidents. However, most of the current studies on...
Negative emotions of drivers may lead to some dangerous driving behaviors, which in turn lead to serious traffic accidents. However, most of the current studies on driver emotions use a single modality, such as EEG, eye trackers, and driving data. In complex situations, a single modality may not be able to fully consider a driver's complete emotional characteristics and provides poor robustness. In recent years, some studies have used multimodal thinking to monitor single emotions such as driver fatigue and anger, but in actual driving environments, negative emotions such as sadness, anger, fear, and fatigue all have a significant impact on driving safety. However, there are very few research cases using multimodal data to accurately predict drivers' comprehensive emotions. Therefore, based on the multi-modal idea, this paper aims to improve drivers' comprehensive emotion recognition. By combining the three modalities of a driver's voice, facial image, and video sequence, the six classification tasks of drivers' emotions are performed as follows: sadness, anger, fear, fatigue, happiness, and emotional neutrality. In order to accurately identify drivers' negative emotions to improve driving safety, this paper proposes a multi-modal fusion framework based on the CNN + Bi-LSTM + HAM to identify driver emotions. The framework fuses feature vectors of driver audio, facial expressions, and video sequences for comprehensive driver emotion recognition. Experiments have proved the effectiveness of the multi-modal data proposed in this paper for driver emotion recognition, and its recognition accuracy has reached 85.52%. At the same time, the validity of this method is verified by comparing experiments and evaluation indicators such as accuracy and F1 score.
Topics: Humans; Automobile Driving; Emotions; Fear; Accidents, Traffic; Fatigue
PubMed: 37837124
DOI: 10.3390/s23198293 -
Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) Aug 2023The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in many infections with the virus and sickness due to coronavirus disease 2019... (Review)
Review
[COVID-19 as an insurance case of the statutory accident insurance: occupational disease or occupational accident : Relevant knowledge for the (general and abdominal) surgeon].
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in many infections with the virus and sickness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, there was a dramatic increase in the number of reported and recognized occupational diseases (Berufskrankheit, BK) and occupational accidents (Arbeitsunfall, AU) at the German Social Accident Insurance Institutions (BG) and accident insurance funds (Unfallkassen).The publication aims to show the differences between BK and AU and to review the current data on occupational diseases. It deals with the definitions of BK and AU, the differences in the conditions for recognition as BK or AU. Furthermore, the claims for benefits are presented. Finally, statistical key figures of the BK according to No. 3101 and the AU are presented.Results (key points)- According to § 7 SGB VII, AU and BK are insured events of the statutory accident insurance.- In surgery, like specifically in the rest of the healthcare system, the relevance of the SARS-CoV‑2 infection with post-COVID in personnel for occupational medical prevention and as a case to be recognized by the statutory accident insurance (BK or AU) becomes clear.- Relevant for the recognition are the duration and the intensity of the contact (local proximity) and the SARS-CoV‑2 occupational health and safety rule of 20 August 2020 essentially recognizes a contact duration of at least 15 min at a spatial distance of less than 1.5-2 m (further aspects: more intensive shorter contacts, number of verifiably infected persons in the closer activity environment or the usual personal contacts, spatial situation, work route, special constellations).- No case numbers can be elicited for the detailed presentation of the surgery setting.- There are still immense problems and challenges in the assessment of COVID-19 consequences or post-COVID as occupational disease, as numerous uncertainty factors, such as insufficiently secured knowledge about the further long-term course over the years or the widely varied symptom spectrum complicates the medical assessment of the consequences of this disease.Conclusion: the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic is a special challenge for surgery with intensive patient contact and for the entire healthcare system. This caused long-lasting changes and the adequate health care as well as insurance law processing of the (case-specific) consequences might still require considerable efforts and resources.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Accidents, Occupational; Insurance, Accident; SARS-CoV-2; Occupational Diseases; Surgeons
PubMed: 37266705
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-01892-z -
Epidemiologia E Servicos de Saude :... 2023To evaluate the temporal trend and magnitude of occupational accident indicators among Social Security beneficiaries in Brazil and its regions from 2009 to 2019.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the temporal trend and magnitude of occupational accident indicators among Social Security beneficiaries in Brazil and its regions from 2009 to 2019.
METHODS
A time series study was conducted on occupational accident indicators in the regions of Brazil, from 2009 to 2019. Data were retrieved from the Statistical Yearbook of Occupational Accidents and the Statistical Yearbook of Social Security. Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression models were used to estimate trends, and annual percentage change and their respective 95% confidence intervals were obtained.
RESULTS
There were 7,253,923 occupational accidents during the study period. The average incidence rate was 16.3 per 1,000 employment relationships, with a decreasing trend (APC = 4.3%; 95%CI -5.63;-3.26).
CONCLUSION
Brazil and its regions showed an overall decreasing trend in indicators representing morbidity burden and the magnitude of occupational accidents.
MAIN RESULTS
In Brazil, despite regional inequalities, there has been a decrease in occupational accident rates reported to Social Security.
IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES
The results suggest improvements in working conditions, control and prevention of occupational accidents among these workers and contribute to targeting measures to prevent and control these diseases in the regions with the highest incidence.
PERSPECTIVES
Further research could explore trends according to professional category and economic activity sector, aimed at improving the monitoring of safety conditions and the wellbeing of workers in the regions of Brazil.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Occupational; Brazil; Social Security; Incidence; Employment
PubMed: 38088633
DOI: 10.1590/S2237-96222023000300013.en -
BMJ Open Quality Oct 2023Every year, millions of patients suffer injuries or die due to unsafe and poor-quality healthcare. A culture of safety care is crucial to prevent risks, errors and harm...
BACKGROUND
Every year, millions of patients suffer injuries or die due to unsafe and poor-quality healthcare. A culture of safety care is crucial to prevent risks, errors and harm that may result from medical assistance. Measurement of patient safety culture (PSC) identifies strengths and weaknesses, serving as a guide to improvement interventions; nevertheless, there is a lack of studies related to PSC in Latin America.
AIM
To assess the PSC in South American hospitals.
METHODS
A multicentre international cross-sectional study was performed between July and September 2021 by the Latin American Alliance of Health Institutions, composed of four hospitals from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC V.1.0) was used. Participation was voluntary. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the difference between leadership positions and professional categories.
RESULTS
A total of 5695 records were analysed: a 30.1% response rate (range 25%-55%). The highest percentage of positive responses was observed in items related to patient safety as the top priority (89.2%). Contrarily, the lowest percentage was observed in items regarding their mistakes/failures being recorded (23.8%). The strongest dimensions (average score ≥75%) were organisational learning, teamwork within units and management support for patient safety (82%, 79% and 78%, respectively). The dimensions 'requiring improvement' (average score <50%) were staffing and non-punitive responses to error (41% and 37%, respectively). All mean scores were higher in health workers with a leadership position except for the hospital handoff/transitions item. Significant differences were found by professional categories, mainly between physicians, nurses, and other professionals.
CONCLUSION
Our findings lead to a better overview of PSC in Latin America, serving as a baseline and benchmarking to facilitate the recognition of weaknesses and to guide quality improvement strategies regionally and globally. Despite South American PSC not being well-exploited, local institutions revealed a strengthened culture of safety care.
Topics: Humans; Patient Safety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Safety Management; Hospitals; Brazil
PubMed: 37802541
DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002362 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2024The monotonous nature of work, long driving duration, and working overload hours cause frequent fatigue in taxi drivers. A high prevalence of fatigue is associated with...
BACKGROUND
The monotonous nature of work, long driving duration, and working overload hours cause frequent fatigue in taxi drivers. A high prevalence of fatigue is associated with traffic accidents. However, the risk factors associated with taxi driver fatigue are unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the rate of fatigue in taxi drivers and its relationship to their traffic accident experience.
METHODS
In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 taxi drivers in the city of Rasht were registered in Taxi association selected through random sampling and entered into the study based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire reliable and valid by two medical students. The statistical analysis used ordinal data and a Poisson regression model with SPSS software version 21, with a significance level set at 5%.
RESULTS
The driver fatigue self-reported was directly and significantly related to alcohol consumption (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.01-11.62) and had a significant and inverse relationship with smoking (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.76), being married (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.40) and driving experience there was (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). Drivers' sense of quality of life (QOL) was directly and significantly related to smoking (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59), education level under diploma (IRR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.43-4.06) diploma (IRR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.48) and bachelor (IRR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.36-4.29) and there was a significant and inverse relationship with age (IRR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.98-0.99). There was a significant relationship between the number of traffic accidents in the past year with the level of bachelor's degree (IRR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.43-6.76) and driving experience (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04 and inverse relationship between the number of traffic accidents in the past year and the QOL sense (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and the working hours (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99).
CONCLUSION
Legislators and policymakers should pay more attention to fatigue in single and inexperienced taxi drivers. Regarding the QOL, pay attention to drivers with high education and older. To reduce the number of crashes, pay more attention to drivers with a bachelor's degree and less driving experience and improve the feeling of QOL.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Automobile Driving; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Iran; Fatigue
PubMed: 38378491
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18044-5 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Educational traffic campaigns aim to alert the population about adoption of behaviors that bring safety and quality in traffic. Animal-vehicle collisions are one of the...
Educational traffic campaigns aim to alert the population about adoption of behaviors that bring safety and quality in traffic. Animal-vehicle collisions are one of the most visible impacts on roads, and the planning of measures to reduce these collisions is justified for at least three reasons: animal welfare, financial cost, and drivers and passengers' safety. We evaluated whether the impact of animal-vehicle collisions was present in educational traffic campaigns and if campaigns showed any other environmental issues. We analyzed 205 campaigns from state and national traffic departments in Brazil. Although "collision" was the most frequent subject, animal-vehicle collisions only appeared on two campaigns, both portraying domestic animals. The identified environmental issues were "animal-vehicle collision" and "garbage", and most campaigns did not have an environmental focus. We highlighted some directions to include the subject of wildlife-vehicle collisions in traffic campaigns that could raise public awareness and, ultimately, reduce the impact on humans and animals involved in collisions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Brazil; Animals, Wild; Animal Welfare
PubMed: 37851745
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220404 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Jul 2023We investigate the relationship between social capital and a decision that has dire health consequences: fleeing after a road accident. This event is unplanned, and the...
We investigate the relationship between social capital and a decision that has dire health consequences: fleeing after a road accident. This event is unplanned, and the decision is taken under great emotional distress and time pressure, thus providing a test of whether social capital matters for behaviour in extreme conditions. We merge data from the universe of fatality accidents involving pedestrians in the US over the period 2000-2018 with a dataset on social capital measures at the county level. Using within-state-year variation, our results show that one standard deviation increase in social capital is associated with a reduction in the probability of hit-and-run of around 10.5%. Several falsification tests based on differences in social capital endowment between the county where the accident occurs and the county where the driver resides are suggestive of a causal interpretation of this evidence. Our findings show the importance of social capital in a new context, suggesting a broad impact on pro-social behaviour and adding to the positive returns of promoting civic norms.
Topics: Humans; Social Capital; Accidents, Traffic; United States
PubMed: 37364447
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116011