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World Journal of Microbiology &... Aug 2023Sherry wine is a pale-yellowish dry wine produced in Southern-Spain which features are mainly due to biological aging when the metabolism of biofilm-forming yeasts (flor...
Sherry wine is a pale-yellowish dry wine produced in Southern-Spain which features are mainly due to biological aging when the metabolism of biofilm-forming yeasts (flor yeasts) consumes ethanol (and other non-fermentable carbon sources) from a previous alcoholic fermentation, and produces volatile compounds such as acetaldehyde. To start aging and maintain the wine stability, a high alcohol content is required, which is achieved by the previous fermentation or by adding ethanol (fortification). Here, an alternative method is proposed which aims to produce a more economic, distinctive Sherry wine without fortification. For this, a flor yeast has been pre-acclimatized to glycerol consumption against ethanol, and later confined in a fungal-based immobilization system known as "microbial biocapsules", to facilitate its inoculum. Once aged, the wines produced using biocapsules and free yeasts (the conventional method) exhibited chemical differences in terms of acidity and volatile concentrations. These differences were evaluated positively by a sensory panel. Pre-acclimatization of flor yeasts to glycerol consumption was not successful but when cells were immobilized in fungal pellets, ethanol consumption was lower. We believe that immobilization of flor yeasts in microbial biocapsules is an economic technique that can be used to produce high quality differentiated Sherry wines.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Wine; Glycerol; Acetaldehyde; Ethanol; Fermentation
PubMed: 37541980
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03713-1 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Nov 2023Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA) proteins constitute a subset of anti-modified protein autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is distinct from...
Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA) proteins constitute a subset of anti-modified protein autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is distinct from citrulline reactivity. Serum anti-MDA IgG levels are commonly elevated in RA and correlate with disease activity, CRP, IL6, and TNF-α. MDA is an oxidation-associated reactive aldehyde that together with acetaldehyde mediates formation of various immunogenic amino acid adducts including linear MDA-lysine, fluorescent malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA)-lysine, and intramolecular cross-linking. We used single-cell cloning, generation of recombinant antibodies (n = 356 from 25 donors), and antigen-screening to investigate the presence of class-switched MDA/MAA+ B cells in RA synovium, bone marrow, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Anti-MDA/MAA+ B cells were found in bone marrow plasma cells of late disease and in the lung of both early disease and risk-individuals and in different B cell subsets (memory, double negative B cells). These were compared with previously identified anti-MDA/MAA from synovial memory and plasma cells. Seven out of eight clones carried somatic hypermutations and all bound MDA/MAA-lysine independently of protein backbone. However, clones with somatic hypermutations targeted MAA cross-linked structures rather than MDA- or MAA-hapten, while the germline-encoded synovial clone instead bound linear MDA-lysine in proteins and peptides. Binding patterns were maintained in germline converted clones. Affinity purification of polyclonal anti-MDA/MAA from patient serum revealed higher proportion of anti-MAA versus anti-MDA compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, IgG anti-MDA/MAA show distinct targeting of different molecular structures. Anti-MAA IgG has been shown to promote bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in vivo and may contribute to RA pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Acetaldehyde; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Bone Marrow; Immunoglobulin G; Lung; Lysine; Malondialdehyde; B-Lymphocytes; Autoimmunity
PubMed: 37802315
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105320 -
International Journal of Analytical... 2023Alcohol beverages have been widely consumed in several parts of the world. In this study, volatile organic compounds in alcoholic beverages including acetaldehyde, ethyl...
Alcohol beverages have been widely consumed in several parts of the world. In this study, volatile organic compounds in alcoholic beverages including acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, and higher ethanol were investigated and evaluated using a headspace gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer. This study evaluated the suitability of the chromatographic system, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision of the single and simultaneous determination of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and methanol in thousand folds of ethanol. Results showed that the acetaldehyde concentration in local beer samples and local manual product liqueur samples ranged from 4.65 to 13.22 mg/L and from 5.55 to 75.96 mg/L, respectively, but in local industrial product liqueur samples, acetaldehyde was not detected. Methanol was only detected in a few local beer samples and locally manually produced liqueur samples within low concentrations. Ethyl acetate was only detected in all local beer samples, but it was not present in local industrial product liqueur samples.
PubMed: 37744750
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8851265 -
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Jan 2024Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the...
BACKGROUND
Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the extracellular release of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mediating inflammatory responses. While nicotine effects on lungs is well-known, chronic alcohol (ETH) exposure also weakens lung immune responses and cause inflammation. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by inflammatory/stressed cells stimulate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7r) activation in adjacent cells. We hypothesized that injury caused by alcohol and e-Cig to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) promote the release of eATP, mtDNA and P2X7r in circulation. This induces a paracrine signaling communication either directly or via EVs to affect brain cells (human brain endothelial cells - hBMVEC).
METHODS
We used a model of primary human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) and exposed the cells to 100 mM ethanol (ETH), 100 µM acetaldehyde (ALD), or e-Cig (1.75 µg/mL of 1.8% or 0% nicotine) conditioned media, and measured the mitochondrial efficiency using Agilent Seahorse machine. Gene expression was measured by Taqman RT-qPCR and digital PCR. hPAEpiC-EVs were extracted from culture supernatant and characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Calcium (Ca) and eATP levels were quantified using commercial kits. To study intercellular communication via paracrine signaling or by EVs, we stimulated hBMVECs with hPAEpiC cell culture medium conditioned with ETH, ALD or e-cig or hPAEpiC-EVs and measured Ca levels.
RESULTS
ETH, ALD, or e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) stimulation depleted the mitochondrial spare respiration capacity in hPAEpiC. We observed increased expression of P2X7r and TRPV1 genes (3-6-fold) and increased intracellular Ca accumulation (20-30-fold increase) in hPAEpiC, resulting in greater expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. hPAEpiC stimulated by ETH, ALD, and e-Cig conditioned media shed more EVs with larger particle sizes, carrying higher amounts of eATP and mtDNA. ETH, ALD and e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) exposure also increased the P2X7r shedding in media and via EVs. hPAEpiC-EVs carrying P2X7r and eATP cargo triggered paracrine signaling in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and increased Ca levels. P2X7r inhibition by A804598 compound normalized mitochondrial spare respiration, reduced ER stress and diminished EV release, thus protecting the BBB function.
CONCLUSION
Abusive drugs like ETH and e-Cig promote mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hPAEpiC and disrupts the cell functions via P2X7 receptor signaling. EVs released by lung epithelial cells against ETH/e-cig insults, carry a cargo of secondary messengers that stimulate brain cells via paracrine signals.
Topics: Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Nicotine; Culture Media, Conditioned; Endothelial Cells; Ethanol; Brain; Extracellular Vesicles; Adenosine Triphosphate; DNA, Mitochondrial
PubMed: 38225580
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01461-1 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Chronic exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can result in several adverse effects including cancers. We review reports of levels of VOCs in offices and...
Exposure to volatile organic compounds in offices and in residential and educational buildings in the European Union between 2010 and 2023: A systematic review and health risk assessment.
Chronic exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can result in several adverse effects including cancers. We review reports of levels of VOCs in offices and in residential and educational buildings in the member states of the European Union (EU) published between 2010 and 2023. We use these data to assess the risk to population health by estimating lifetime exposure to indoor VOCs and resulting non-cancer and cancer risks and, from that, the burden of cancer attributable to VOC exposure and associated economic losses. Our systematic review identified 1783 articles, of which 184 were examined in detail, with 58 yielding relevant data. After combining data on VOC concentrations separately for EU countries and building types, non-cancer and cancer risks were assessed in terms of hazard quotient and lifetime excess cancer risk (LECR) using probabilistic Monte Carlo Simulations. The LECR was used to estimate disability adjusted life years (DALYs) from VOC-related cancers and associated costs. We find that the LECR associated with formaldehyde exposure was above the acceptable risk level (ARL) in France and Germany and that of from exposure to benzene was also above the ARL in Spanish females. The sum of DALYs and related costs/1,000,000 population/year from exposure to acetaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene were 4.02 and €41,010, respectively, in France, those from exposure to acetaldehyde, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde, and trichloroethylene were 3.91 and €39,590 in Germany, and those from exposure to benzene were 0.1 and €1030 in Spain. Taken as a whole, these findings show that indoor exposure to VOCs remains a public health concern in the EU. Although the EU has set limits for certain VOCs, further measures are needed to restrict the use of these chemicals in consumer products.
PubMed: 38897460
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173965 -
International Immunopharmacology Jan 2024Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is induced by chronic heavy alcohol consumption, accompanies complicated pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress,...
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is induced by chronic heavy alcohol consumption, accompanies complicated pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, epigenetic changes and acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity. Hydrogen (H) is the lightest gas with multiple biological effects such as high selective anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. However, the dose effects and innate immune mechanisms of intraperitoneal injection of H on ALD are limited. Here, we used acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity mice models to estimate the actions of intraperitoneal injection of H on ALD. The effects of H on acute ethanol-induced liver damage were examined by hepatic oil red O staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR) for lipid metabolic genes, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Hepatic mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were examined to evaluate oxidative stress. Immunoblot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to further confirm the innate immune molecular targets of H. Our results showed that intraperitoneal injection of H improved acute ethanol-induced liver injury in mice in a dose dependent manner, as indicated by decreasing serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic TG levels, and increasing lipid export genes (Mttp and Apob) mRNA levels and reducing fatty acid uptake gene (CD36) mRNA levels. Mechanistically, H inhibited hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3-NT, and MDA levels in the liver, while increasing hepatic GSH levels; inhibited the overactived TLR4/9-NF-κB-TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-18 innate immune signaling; suppressed the canonical Caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis signaling, and the non-canonical pyroptosis signaling, such as Caspase-11-GSDMD, Caspase-8-GSDMD and Caspase-3-GSDME signaling. Therefore, our study highlights that intraperitoneal injection of H may represent a novel therapeutic and safe strategy for ALD via modulating oxidative stress, innate immunity and pyroptosis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Ethanol; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Pyroptosis; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Triglycerides; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Immunity, Innate; RNA, Messenger; Caspases
PubMed: 38142641
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111399 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hypersensitivity and remodeling. The current treatments provide only short-term benefits and may have...
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hypersensitivity and remodeling. The current treatments provide only short-term benefits and may have undesirable side effects; thus, alternative or supplementary therapy is needed. Because intracellular calcium (Ca) signaling plays an essential role in regulating the contractility and remodeling of airway smooth muscle cells, the targeting of Ca signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for asthma. Houttuynia cordata is a traditional Chinese herb that is used to treat asthma due to its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that H. cordata might modulate intracellular Ca signaling and could help relieve asthmatic airway remodeling. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IPRs) were elevated in interleukin-stimulated primary human bronchial smooth muscle cells and a house dust mite-sensitized model of asthma. The upregulation of IPR expression enhanced intracellular Ca release upon stimulation and contributed to airway remodeling in asthma. Intriguingly, pretreatment with H. cordata essential oil rectified the disruption of Ca signaling, mitigated asthma development, and prevented airway narrowing. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that houttuynin/2-undecanone could be the bioactive component in H. cordata essential oil because we found similar IPR suppression in response to the commercially available derivative sodium houttuyfonate. An in silico analysis showed that houttuynin, which downregulates IPR expression, binds to the IP binding domain of IPR and may mediate a direct inhibitory effect. In summary, our findings suggest that H. cordata is a potential alternative treatment choice that may reduce asthma severity by targeting the dysregulation of Ca signaling.
Topics: Humans; Calcium Signaling; Houttuynia; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Bronchi; Asthma; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Calcium
PubMed: 37245337
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114935 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Dec 2023The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global challenge now with the long-COVID arising. Mitigation measures focused on case counting, assessment and determination of variants...
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global challenge now with the long-COVID arising. Mitigation measures focused on case counting, assessment and determination of variants and their likely targets of infection and transmission, the pursuit of drug treatments, use and enhancement of masks, social distancing, vaccination, post-infection rehabilitation, and mass screening. The latter is of utmost importance given the current scenario of infections, reinfections, and long-term health effects. Research on screening platforms has been developed to provide more sensitive, specific, and reliable tests that are accessible to the entire population and can be used to assess the prognosis of the disease as well as the subsequent health follow-up of patients with sequelae of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the simulation of exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients by evaluation of three identified COVID-19 indicator breath biomarkers (acetone (ACE), acetaldehyde (ACH) and nitric oxide (NO)) by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy as a proof-of-concept principle for the detection of infected patients' exhaled breath fingerprint and subsequent follow-up. The specific fingerprints of each of the compounds and the overall fingerprint were obtained. The synthetic exhaled breath evaluation concept revealed a linearity of r = 0.99 for all compounds, and LODs of 6.42, 13.81, 9.22 ppm, and LOQs of 42.26, 52.57, 69.23 ppm for NO, ACE, and ACH, respectively. This study proves the fundamental feasibility of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy for fingerprinting lung damage biomarkers in exhaled breath of patients with COVID-19. This analysis would allow faster and cheaper screening and follow-up of infected individuals, which could improve mass screening in POC settings.
Topics: Humans; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Pandemics; Breath Tests; COVID-19; Nitric Oxide; Acetaldehyde; Biomarkers; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 37356392
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123066 -
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Jul 2023Non-oxidative ethanol dehydrogenation is a renewable source of acetaldehyde and hydrogen. The reaction is often catalyzed by supported copper catalysts with high...
Non-oxidative ethanol dehydrogenation is a renewable source of acetaldehyde and hydrogen. The reaction is often catalyzed by supported copper catalysts with high selectivity. The activity and long-term stability depend on many factors, including particle size, choice of support, doping, etc. Herein, we present four different synthetic pathways to prepare Cu/SiO catalysts (∼2.5 wt % Cu) with varying copper distribution: hydrolytic sol-gel (sub-nanometer clusters), dry impregnation ( = 3.4 nm; σ = 0.9 nm and particles up to 32 nm), strong electrostatic adsorption ( = 3.1 nm; σ = 0.6 nm), and solvothermal hot injection followed by Cu particle deposition ( = 4.0 nm; σ = 0.8 nm). All materials were characterized by ICP-OES, XPS, N physisorption, STEM-EDS, XRD, RFC NO, and H-TPR and tested in ethanol dehydrogenation from 185 to 325 °C. The sample prepared by hydrolytic sol-gel exhibited high Cu dispersion and, accordingly, the highest catalytic activity. Its acetaldehyde productivity (2.79 g g h at 255 °C) outperforms most of the Cu-based catalysts reported in the literature, but it lacks stability and tends to deactivate over time. On the other hand, the sample prepared by simple and cost-effective dry impregnation, despite having Cu particles of various sizes, was still highly active (2.42 g g h acetaldehyde at 255 °C). Importantly, it was the most stable sample out of the studied materials. The characterization of the spent catalyst confirmed its exceptional properties: it showed the lowest extent of both coking and particle sintering.
PubMed: 37538293
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06777 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Excessive alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress, leading to alcoholic liver disease. In this study, the protective effects of a mixture of cysteine and...
Excessive alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress, leading to alcoholic liver disease. In this study, the protective effects of a mixture of cysteine and glutathione against ethanol-induced hangover and liver damage were evaluated in mice and HepG2 cells. Ethanol (2 mL/kg) was orally administered to the mice 30 min before receiving the test compounds (200 mg/kg), and the behavioral and oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters altered by ethanol were analyzed. Acute ethanol administration increased anxiety behavior and decreased balance coordination in mice ( < 0.001); however, a mixture of cysteine and glutathione (MIX) in a 3:1 ratio improved alcohol-induced behavior more effectively than the individual compounds ( < 0.001). The MIX group showed higher ethanol-metabolizing enzyme activity than the control group ( < 0.001) and significantly suppressed the elevation of serum alcohol ( < 0.01) and acetaldehyde ( < 0.001) levels after 1 h of ethanol administration. In HepG2 cells, 2.5 mM MIX accelerated ethanol metabolism and reduced mRNA expression ( < 0.001). MIX also increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes through the upregulation of signaling and consequently suppressed the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde ( < 0.001). Collectively, MIX alleviates the hangover symptoms and attenuates the alcohol-induced oxidative stress by regulating the pathway.
PubMed: 37891964
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101885