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AMB Express Mar 2024This study aimed to identify substances including Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 (KACC 92054P) that alleviate hangover-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The...
This study aimed to identify substances including Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 (KACC 92054P) that alleviate hangover-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The association between emotional anxiety caused by hangover and the genes P2X4, P2X7, SLC6A4 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted to assess the influence of free-panica on alcohol-induced upregulated gene expression. Additionally, the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood was measured. Free-panica, consisting of five natural products (Phyllanthus amarus, Phoenix dactylifera, Vitis vinifera, Zingiber officinale, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus), were evaluated for their regulatory effects on genes involved in alcohol-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The combination of these natural products in free-panica successfully restored emotional anxiety, and the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood to those of the normal control group. These findings support the potential development of free-panica as a health functional food or medicinal intervention for relieving hangover symptoms and protecting liver from alcohol consumption.
PubMed: 38491208
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01685-5 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023(Auto)immune mediated and cholestatic liver disease (AILD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis...
BACKGROUND
(Auto)immune mediated and cholestatic liver disease (AILD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Especially AIH is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and elevated serum immunoglobulins. In rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies against post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination (Cit) and carbamylation (CarP) are used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, respectively. We studied the presence of six anti-PTM antibodies in patients with the three AILDs and non-AILD.
METHODS
Antibodies against six PTMs (malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), CarP, acetylation (AL), Cit, and nitration (NT)) were tested in sera of patients with AILD ( = 106), non-AILD ( = 101) and compared with healthy controls (HC) ( = 100). Levels and positivity were correlated with clinical and biochemical features in a well-defined cohort of untreated AIH patients.
RESULTS
Anti-PTM antibodies were more often detectable in sera from AILD patients compared with HCs (anti-MAA: 67.9% vs. 2.0%, anti-AGE: 36.8% vs. 4.0%, anti-CarP: 47.2% vs. 5.0% and anti-AL: 18.9% vs. 5.0%). In untreated AIH, time to complete biochemical response (CBR) was associated with anti-MAA, anti-AGE, anti-CarP and anti-AL antibodies. Significantly more patients with at least three anti-PTM antibodies attained CBR at 12 months of treatment (13 vs. 3 = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Anti-PTM antibodies are frequently present in AILD. The presence of anti-MAA, anti-AGE and anti-CarP antibodies correlates with the presence of AIH within this cohort. In AIH, harboring at least three anti-PTM antibody responses is positively associated with CBR. Determination of anti-PTM antibodies in liver disease may have diagnostic and prognostic value.
PubMed: 37564051
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1195747 -
BMB Reports Jul 2023Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange... (Review)
Review
Aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (AGC2, citrin) is a mitochondrial carrier expressed in the liver that transports aspartate from mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for glutamate. The AGC2 is the main component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) that ensures indirect transport of NADH produced in the cytosol during glycolysis, lactate oxidation to pyruvate, and ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde into mitochondria. Through MAS, AGC2 is necessary to maintain intracellular redox balance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Through elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level, the AGC2 is stimulated by catecholamines and glucagon during starvation, exercise, and muscle wasting disorders. In these conditions, AGC2 increases aspartate input to the urea cycle, where aspartate is a source of one of two nitrogen atoms in the urea molecule (the other is ammonia), and a substrate for the synthesis of fumarate that is gradually converted to oxaloacetate, the starting substrate for gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, aspartate is a substrate for the synthesis of asparagine, nucleotides, and proteins. It is concluded that AGC2 plays a fundamental role in the compartmentalization of aspartate and glutamate metabolism and linkage of the reactions of MAS, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, urea cycle, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Targeting of AGC genes may represent a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 385-391].
Topics: Glucose; Aspartic Acid; Liver; Glutamic Acid
PubMed: 37254569
DOI: 10.5483/BMBRep.2023-0052 -
RSC Advances Sep 2023The design of new gas sensors and scavengers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is desirable for VOC enriching, separation and utilization. Herein, first-principles...
The design of new gas sensors and scavengers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is desirable for VOC enriching, separation and utilization. Herein, first-principles methods were performed to investigate the potential of CN monolayers as highly efficient sensors and scavengers for selective VOCs (toluene, benzene, vinyl chloride, ethane, methanal, acetone, ethanol, and acetaldehyde). The physisorption of toluene, benzene, acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and methanal has relatively high adsorption strength and can significantly tune the electronic properties and work function () of the CN, indicating that the CN monolayer is highly sensitive and selective to these VOC gases. In addition, the desorption time of benzene, acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and methanal is about 3, 0.4, 2.0 × 10, 3.0 × 10, and 3.6 × 10 s at 300 K, respectively, indicating that the CN-based sensor has high reusability at room temperature. The recovery time of toluene was about 7.8 × 10 s at 300 K, showing disposable toluene gas sensing of the monolayer. Our work confirms that the CN monolayer as a resistance-type and -type gas sensor and scavenger is highly sensitive, selective and reusable for VOCs (benzene, acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and methanol), but is a disposable toluene gas sensor and scavenger at room temperature.
PubMed: 37790102
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05573f -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jan 2024The association between alcohol and certain cancers is well established, yet beyond ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, little is known about the presence of other... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The association between alcohol and certain cancers is well established, yet beyond ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, little is known about the presence of other carcinogenic compounds in alcoholic beverages, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene (a Group I carcinogen).
OBJECTIVES
We summarized the published literature on PAH levels in alcoholic beverages to identify potential gaps in knowledge to inform future research.
METHODS
Medline and Scopus were searched for primary research published from January 1966 to November 2023 that quantified PAH levels among various types of alcoholic beverages, including whisky, rum, brandy, gin, vodka, wine, and beer. Studies that were not primary literature were excluded; only studies that quantified PAH content in the specified alcoholic beverages were included.
RESULTS
Ten studies published from 1966 to 2019 met the criteria for review. Other than beverage type, no publication reported selection criteria for their samples of tested alcohol products. Studies used a variety of analytical methods to detect PAHs. Of the 10 studies, 7 were published after 2000, and 6 assessed products. Of the studies, 7 examined spirits; 3, beer; and 4, wines. Benzo[a]pyrene was most prevalent among spirit products, particularly whisky, with values generally exceeding acceptable levels for drinking water. Some beer and wine products also contained PAHs, albeit at lower levels and less frequently than spirit products.
DISCUSSION
PAHs are found in some alcohol products and appear to vary by beverage type. However, there is an incomplete understanding of their presence and levels among large, representative samples from the range of currently available alcohol products. Addressing this gap could improve understanding of alcohol-cancer relationships and may have important implications for public health and the regulation of alcohol products. In addition, novel methods, such as direct mass spectroscopy, may facilitate more thorough testing of samples to further investigate this relationship. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13506.
Topics: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Benzo(a)pyrene; Alcoholic Beverages; Beer; Wine; Ethanol; Carcinogens
PubMed: 38241192
DOI: 10.1289/EHP13506 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023In order to explore the structural changes and products of histamine degradation by multicopper oxidase (MCO) in LPZN19, a 1500 bp gene in LPZN19 was cloned, and the...
In order to explore the structural changes and products of histamine degradation by multicopper oxidase (MCO) in LPZN19, a 1500 bp gene in LPZN19 was cloned, and the recombinant MCO was expressed in BL21 (DE3). After purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, the obtained MCO has a molecular weight of 58 kDa, and it also has the highest enzyme activity at 50 °C and pH 3.5, with a relative enzyme activity of 100%, and it maintains 57.71% of the relative enzyme activity at 5% salt concentration. The secondary structure of MCO was determined by circular dichroism, in which the proportions of the α-helix, β-sheet, β-turn and random coil were 2.9%, 39.7%, 21.2% and 36.1%, respectively. The 6xj0.1.A with a credibility of 68.21% was selected as the template to predict the tertiary structure of MCO in LPZN19, and the results indicated that the main components of the tertiary structure of MCO were formed by the further coiling and folding of a random coil and β-sheet. Histamine could change the spatial structure of MCO by increasing the content of the α-helix and β-sheet. Finally, the LC-MS/MS identification results suggest that the histamine was degraded into imidazole acetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia.
PubMed: 38004736
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112724 -
Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2023Asymmetric organocatalyzed multicomponent reactions represent an important toolbox in the field of organic synthesis to build complex scaffolds starting from simple...
Asymmetric organocatalyzed multicomponent reactions represent an important toolbox in the field of organic synthesis to build complex scaffolds starting from simple starting materials. The Enders three-component cascade reaction was a cornerstone in the field and a plethora of organocatalyzed cascade reactions followed. However, acetaldehyde was not shown as a successful reaction partner, probably because of its high reactivity. Herein, we report the Enders-type cascade reaction using acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, as a masked form of acetaldehyde. This strategy directly converts acetaldehyde, nitroalkenes and enals into stereochemically dense cyclohexenals in good yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
PubMed: 37674523
DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.92 -
PloS One 2024Almost 380,000 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all types of oral cancers. Emerging...
Almost 380,000 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all types of oral cancers. Emerging studies have shown association of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels and tissue localization of TRL1 to TRL10 and NF-κB between OSCC and healthy oral mucosa, as well as effect of Candida colonization in TRL expression in OSCC. Full thickness biopsies and microbial samples from 30 newly diagnosed primary OSCC patients and 26 health controls were collected. The expression of TLR1 to TLR10 and NF-κB was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Microbial samples were collected from oral mucosa to detect Candida. OSCC epithelium showed lower staining intensity of TRL1, TRL2 TRL5, and TRL8 as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, staining intensity of TRL3, TRL4, TRL7, and TRL8 were significantly decreased in basement membrane (BM) zone. Likewise, OSCC endothelium showed lower staining intensity of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8. Expression of NF-κB was significantly stronger in normal healthy tissue compared to OSCC sample. Positive correlation was found between the expression of NF-κB, TRL9 and TRL10 in basal layer of the infiltrative zone OSCC samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.002, respectively). Significant increase in TRL4 was seen in BM zone of sample colonized with Candida (P = 0.01). According to the limited number of samples, our data indicates downregulation of TLRs and NF-κB in OSCC, and upregulation of TLR4 expression with presence of Candida.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Mouth Neoplasms; NF-kappa B; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 38593176
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300437 -
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Sep 2023Wildland firefighters (WFFs) are exposed to many inhalation hazards working in the wildland fire environment. To assess occupational exposures and acute and subacute...
Wildland firefighters (WFFs) are exposed to many inhalation hazards working in the wildland fire environment. To assess occupational exposures and acute and subacute health effects among WFFs, the wildland firefighter exposure and health effects study collected data for a 2-year repeated measures study. This manuscript describes the exposure assessment from one Interagency Hotshot Crew (N = 19) conducted at a wildfire incident. Exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and naphthalene were measured through personal air sampling each work shift. Biological monitoring was done for creatinine-adjusted levoglucosan in urine pre- and post-shift. For 3 days sampling at the wildfire incident, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers (m and p, and o) exposure was highest on day 1 (geometric mean [GM] = 0.015, 0.042, 0.10, 0.42, and 0.15 ppm, respectively) when WFFs were not exposed to smoke but used chainsaws to remove vegetation and prepare fire suppression breaks. Exposure to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was highest on day 2 (GM = 0.03 and 0.036 ppm, respectively) when the WFFs conducted a firing operation and were directly exposed to wildfire smoke. The greatest difference of pre- and post-shift levoglucosan concentrations were observed on day 3 (pre-shift: 9.7 and post-shift: 47 μg/mg creatinine) after WFFs conducted mop up (returned to partially burned area to extinguish any smoldering vegetation). Overall, 65% of paired samples (across all sample days) showed a post-shift increase in urinary levoglucosan and 5 firefighters were exposed to benzene at concentrations at or above the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit. Our findings further demonstrate that exposure to inhalation hazards is one of many risks that wildland firefighters experience while suppressing wildfires.
Topics: Humans; United States; Occupational Exposure; Wildfires; Inhalation Exposure; Firefighters; Creatinine; Benzene; Xylenes; Acetaldehyde; Formaldehyde
PubMed: 37597244
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad046 -
WMJ : Official Publication of the State... Jul 2023There is controversy over the existence of a metronidazole-induced disulfiram-like reaction. Uncontrolled case reports suggest metronidazole can cause a severe...
INTRODUCTION
There is controversy over the existence of a metronidazole-induced disulfiram-like reaction. Uncontrolled case reports suggest metronidazole can cause a severe disulfiram-like reaction in combination with ethanol. Criticism of these cases suggest the observed effects appear to be as likely caused by ethanol as by a drug interaction. Controlled experimental data refute these reports, demonstrating metronidazole does not increase acetaldehyde and cannot reliably produce disulfiram-like reactions. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively assess the incidence of clinical effects consistent with a disulfiram-like reaction in a population of patients with confirmed ethanol use who received metronidazole. As alcohol may also be responsible for the effects seen, the incidence of effects is assessed against a control group matched for age, sex, and ethanol concentration.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed from December 1, 2010, through December 31, 2020 on emergency department patients with ethanol use confirmed via detectable ethanol concentration who received metronidazole while ethanol was predicted to still be present in the serum. A matched comparator group with the same ethanol concentrations, as well as sex and age, was generated for comparison. The incidence of disulfiram-like reaction symptoms documented in the medical record was compared between groups.
RESULTS
Thirty-six patients were included in the study: 18 in the metronidazole group and 18 in the ethanol concentration matched control group. The mean age in both groups was 46 years. The metronidazole group was 50% male, and the mean ethanol concentration was 0.21 g/dL. The control group was 44.4% male. There was significantly less hypertension in the metronidazole group compared to the control group (16.7% vs 61.1%, $lt; 0.0001). There were no other significant difference in disulfiram-like effects between the two groups. No patients who received metronidazole and had a detectable ethanol concentration had a suspected disulfiram-like reaction documented in the medical record.
CONCLUSIONS
This data set further supports the lack of a disulfiram-like reaction when metronidazole is used in patients with recent ethanol use in the acute care setting. Additionally, it highlights that the clinical effects of a disulfiram-like reactions may be present at baseline from ethanol ingestion or underlying disease regardless of metronidazole use. These findings are consistent with well-controlled human and animal data demonstrating no increase in acetaldehyde concentrations or disulfiram-like symptoms when metronidazole is co-administered with ethanol. In patients where metronidazole is indicated as the superior agent, its use should not be avoided due to concern about an interaction with ethanol.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Ethanol; Metronidazole; Disulfiram; Retrospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Acetaldehyde
PubMed: 37494646
DOI: No ID Found