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Polish Journal of Microbiology Mar 2024Hydrocarbon constituents of petroleum are persistent, bioaccumulated, and bio-magnified in living tissues, transported to longer distances, and exert hazardous effects...
Hydrocarbon constituents of petroleum are persistent, bioaccumulated, and bio-magnified in living tissues, transported to longer distances, and exert hazardous effects on human health and the ecosystem. Bioaugmentation with microorganisms like bacteria is an emerging approach that can mitigate the toxins from environmental sources. The present study was initiated to target the petroleum-contaminated soil of gasoline stations situated in Lahore. Petroleum degrading bacteria were isolated by serial dilution method followed by growth analysis, biochemical and molecular characterization, removal efficiency estimation, metabolites extraction, and GC-MS of the metabolites. Molecular analysis identified the bacterium as Bacillus cereus, which exhibited maximum growth at 72 hours and removed 75% petroleum. Biochemical characterization via the Remel RapID ONE panel system showed positive results for arginine dehydrolase (ADH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), lysine decarboxylase (LDC), -nitrophenyl-β-D-galactosidase (ONPG), -nitrophenyl-β-D-glucosidase (βGLU), -nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), malonate (MAL), adonitol fermentation (ADON), and tryptophane utilization (IND). GC-MS-based metabolic profiling identified alcohols (methyl alcohol, -, - and -cresols, catechol, and 3-methyl catechol), aldehydes (methanone, acetaldehyde, and -tolualdehyde), carboxylic acid (methanoic acid, -muconic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid and benzoic acid), conjugate bases of carboxylic acids (benzoate, -muconate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and pyruvate) and cycloalkane (cyclohexene). It suggested the presence of methane, methylcyclohexane, toluene, xylene, and benzene degradation pathways in .
Topics: Humans; Bacillus cereus; Ecosystem; Hydrocarbons; Methane; Carboxylic Acids
PubMed: 38437466
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-012 -
Microbial Cell Factories Apr 2024Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to serious adverse health effects, particularly affecting the liver. One natural defense against the...
BACKGROUND
Excessive alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to serious adverse health effects, particularly affecting the liver. One natural defense against the detrimental impacts of alcohol is provided by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which detoxify harmful alcohol metabolites. Recent studies have shown that certain probiotic strains, notably Lactobacillus spp., possess alcohol resistance and can produce these critical enzymes. Incorporating these probiotics into alcoholic beverages represents a pioneering approach that can potentially mitigate the negative health effects of alcohol while meeting evolving consumer preferences for functional and health-centric products.
RESULTS
Five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were identified: Lactobacillus paracasei Alc1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus AA, Pediococcus acidilactici Alc3, Lactobacillus paracasei Alc4, and Pediococcus acidilactici Alc5. Assessment of their alcohol tolerance, safety, adhesion ability, and immunomodulatory effects identified L. rhamnosus AA as the most promising alcohol-tolerant probiotic strain. This strain also showed high production of ADH and ALDH. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that the L. rhamnosus AA genome contained both the adh (encoding for ADH) and the adhE (encoding for ALDH) genes.
CONCLUSIONS
L. rhamnosus AA, a novel probiotic candidate, showed notable alcohol resistance and the capability to produce enzymes essential for alcohol metabolism. This strain is a highly promising candidate for integration into commercial alcoholic beverages upon completion of comprehensive safety and functionality evaluations.
Topics: Humans; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Probiotics; Ethanol; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Pediococcus acidilactici
PubMed: 38659044
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02375-4 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Chanterelles are one of the most highly valued wild edible mushroom genera worldwide. This work aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics and volatile...
Chanterelles are one of the most highly valued wild edible mushroom genera worldwide. This work aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics and volatile compounds' profile of for the first time. Proximate analysis was performed according to the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, while the mineral contents and the volatile compounds were determined using ICP-MS and GC-MS, respectively. had an average of 25.8% protein, 5.5% fat, 12.7% ash, and 55.9% carbohydrates, including 11.4% fiber per dw of mushroom. Further analyses of the fat and protein contents revealed high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as monosodium glutamate-like amino acids. Linoleic acid (42.0% of fat) and oleic acid (28.6% of fat) were the major fatty acids, while leucine (1.2%) and lysine (0.9%) were the most abundant essential amino acids. The results showed that contained 3.1 µg/g vitamin D2 and 4.9 mg/g vitamin E per dw, as well as notable quantities of macro- and microelements, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. GC-MS analysis revealed various volatile compounds such as acetaldehyde, -hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-ol, etc. In conclusion, this study supports the use of as a food rich in fiber and vitamin E, with a suitable amount of protein and other nutrients.
Topics: Agaricales; Odorants; Fatty Acids; Vitamin E
PubMed: 38005237
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227516 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Canned bamboo shoots in clear water could produce a unique flavor through bacterial diversity via the fermentation process. , , , , and were the main microorganisms....
Canned bamboo shoots in clear water could produce a unique flavor through bacterial diversity via the fermentation process. , , , , and were the main microorganisms. Tyrosine was the most abundant free amino acid (FAA), which had a negative correlation with . Ten kinds of flavor substances, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester, benzene acetaldehyde, benzoic acid and ethyl ester, were important influential factors in the flavor of fermented bamboo shoots. Through the verification test of tyrosine and phenylalanine decarboxylase, it was found that TJJ2 could decompose tyrosine and phenylalanine to produce benzaldehyde and benzene acetaldehyde, which provided the fermented bamboo shoots with a grassy aroma.
PubMed: 37761186
DOI: 10.3390/foods12183478 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023Hangovers are uncomfortable physiological symptoms after alcohol consumption caused by acetaldehyde, a toxic substance in which alcohol is metabolized by alcohol...
Effects of Plant-Based Extract Mixture on Alcohol Metabolism and Hangover Improvement in Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Paralleled, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Hangovers are uncomfortable physiological symptoms after alcohol consumption caused by acetaldehyde, a toxic substance in which alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Rapid alcohol and acetaldehyde decomposition are essential to alleviate alcohol handling symptoms. This study investigated the effects of HY_IPA combined with , and on alleviating hangovers. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted on 80 individuals with hangover symptoms. Alcohol intake was 0.9 g/bw with 40% whiskey, adjusted proportionately to body weight. The Acute Hangover Scale total score was 5.24 ± 5.78 and 18.54 ± 18.50 in the HY_ IPA and placebo groups, respectively ( < 0.0001). All nine indicators of the hangover symptom questionnaire were significantly improved in the HY_IPA group ( < 0.01). Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations rapidly decreased from 30 min in the HY_IPA group ( < 0.05). ADH and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities in the blood of the HY_IPA group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group at 0, 1, and 2 h after alcohol consumption ( < 0.01). The rapid hangover relief was due to increased ADH and ALDH. Therefore, HY_IPA effectively relieves hangover symptoms by decomposing alcohol and acetaldehyde when consumed before alcohol consumption.
PubMed: 37629284
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165244 -
Research Square Nov 2023Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the...
BACKGROUND
Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the extracellular release of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mediating inflammatory responses. While nicotine effects on lungs is well-known, chronic alcohol (ETH) exposure also weakens lung immune responses and cause inflammation. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by inflammatory/stressed cells stimulate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7r) activation in adjacent cells. We hypothesized that injury caused by alcohol and e-Cig to pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) promote the release of eATP, mtDNA and P2X7r in circulation. This induces a paracrine signaling communication either directly or via EVs to affect brain cells (human brain endothelial cells - hBMVEC).
METHODS
We used a model of primary human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (hPAEpiC) and exposed the cells to 100 mM ethanol (ETH), 100 μM acetaldehyde (ALD), or e-Cig (1.75μg/mL of 1.8% or 0% nicotine) conditioned media, and measured the mitochondrial efficiency using Agilent Seahorse machine. Gene expression was measured by Taqman RT-qPCR and digital PCR. hPAEpiC-EVs were extracted from culture supernatant and characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Calcium (Ca) and eATP levels were quantified using commercial kits. To study intercellular communication via paracrine signaling or by EVs, we stimulated hBMVECs with hPAEpiC cell culture medium conditioned with ETH, ALD or e-cig or hPAEpiC-EVs and measured Ca levels.
RESULTS
ETH, ALD, or e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) stimulation depleted the mitochondrial spare respiration capacity in hPAEpiC. We observed increased expression of P2X7r and TRPV1 genes (3-6-fold) and increased intracellular Ca accumulation (20-30-fold increase) in hPAEpiC, resulting in greater expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. hPAEpiC stimulated by ETH, ALD, and e-Cig conditioned media shed more EVs with larger particle sizes, carrying higher amounts of eATP and mtDNA. ETH, ALD and e-Cig (1.8% nicotine) exposure also increased the P2X7r shedding in media and via EVs. hPAEpiC-EVs carrying P2X7r and eATP cargo triggered paracrine signaling in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and increased Ca levels. P2X7r inhibition by A804598 compound normalized mitochondrial spare respiration, reduced ER stress and diminished EV release, thus protecting the BBB function.
CONCLUSION
Abusive drugs like ETH and e-Cig promote mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hPAEpiC and disrupts the cell functions via P2X7 receptor signaling. EVs released by lung epithelial cells against ETH/e-cig insults, carry a cargo of secondary messengers that stimulate brain cells via paracrine signals.
PubMed: 38014253
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3552555/v1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to...
Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to further explore such associations, we compared IgA titers against antigens targeted to ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminase with pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, markers of liver status, transferrin protein desialylation and extracellular matrix metabolism in alcohol-dependent patients with or without liver disease and in healthy controls. Serum IgAs against protein adducts with acetaldehyde (HbAch-IgA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), desialylated transferrin (CDT), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver status (GT, ALP) and extracellular matrix metabolism (PIIINP, PINP, hyaluronic acid, ICTP and CTx) were measured in alcohol-dependent patients with ( = 83) or without ( = 105) liver disease and 88 healthy controls representing either moderate drinkers or abstainers. In ALD patients, both tTG-IgA and HbAch-IgA titers were significantly higher than those in the alcoholics without liver disease ( < 0.0005 for tTG-IgA, = 0.006 for Hb-Ach-IgA) or in healthy controls ( < 0.0005 for both comparisons). The HbAch-IgA levels in the alcoholics without liver disease also exceeded those found in healthy controls ( = 0.0008). In ROC analyses, anti-tTG-antibodies showed an excellent discriminative value in differentiating between ALD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.95, < 0.0005). Significant correlations emerged between tTG-IgAs and HbAch-IgAs (r = 0.462, < 0.0005), CDT (r = 0.413, < 0.0001), GT (r = 0.487, < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.466, < 0.0001), serum markers of fibrogenesis: PIIINP (r = 0.634, < 0.0001), hyaluronic acid (r = 0.575, < 0.0001), ICTP (r = 0.482, < 0.0001), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (r = 0.581, < 0.0001), IL-8 (r = 0.535, < 0.0001) and TNF-α (r = 0.591, < 0.0001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed with serum TGF-β (r = -0.366, < 0.0001) and CTx, a marker of collagen degradation (r = -0.495, < 0.0001). The data indicate that the induction of IgA immune responses toward ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminaseis a characteristic feature of patients with AUD and coincides with the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and the generation of aberrantly glycosylated proteins. These processes appear to work in concert in the sequence of events leading from heavy drinking to ALD.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholism; Alkaline Phosphatase; Autoantibodies; Ethanol; Hyaluronic Acid; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Transferrins; Immunoglobulin A; Extracellular Matrix
PubMed: 37685930
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713124 -
The American Journal of Pathology May 2024Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal interstitial lung disease, is characterized by fibroblast activation and aberrant extracellular matrix accumulation. Effective...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal interstitial lung disease, is characterized by fibroblast activation and aberrant extracellular matrix accumulation. Effective therapeutic development is limited because of incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which fibroblasts become aberrantly activated. Here, we show acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis. A decrease in ALDH2 expression was observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin-treated mice. ALDH2 deficiency spontaneously induces collagen accumulation in the lungs of aged mice. Furthermore, young ALDH2 knockout mice exhibited exacerbated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and increased mortality compared with that in control mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induction and ALDH2 depletion constitute a positive feedback loop that exacerbates fibroblast activation. TGF-β1 down-regulated ALDH2 through a TGF-β receptor 1/Smad3-dependent mechanism. The subsequent deficiency in ALDH2 resulted in fibroblast dysfunction that manifested as impaired mitochondrial autophagy and senescence, leading to fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production. ALDH2 overexpression markedly suppressed fibroblast activation, and this effect was abrogated by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) knockdown, indicating that the profibrotic effects of ALDH2 are PINK1- dependent. Furthermore, Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation reversed the established pulmonary fibrosis in both young and aged mice. In conclusion, ALDH2 expression inhibits the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Strategies to up-regulate or activate ALDH2 expression could be potential therapies for pulmonary fibrosis.
PubMed: 38777148
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.008 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The lactic acid bacteria and are commonly used as starter cultures in dairy product production. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of fermented milk...
The lactic acid bacteria and are commonly used as starter cultures in dairy product production. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of fermented milk using different ratios of these strains and analyze the changes in volatile compounds during fermentation and storage. A 10:1 ratio of CICC 6063 to CICC 6064 showed optimal fermentation time (4.2 h), viable cell count (9.64 log10 colony-forming units/mL), and sensory evaluation score (79.1 points). In total, 56 volatile compounds were identified and quantified by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), including aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, and others. Among these, according to VIP analysis, 2,3-butanedione, acetoin, 2,3-pentanedione, hexanoic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and butanoic acid were identified as discriminatory volatile metabolites for distinguishing between different time points. Throughout the fermentation and storage process, the levels of 2,3-pentanedione and acetoin exhibited synergistic dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical and molecular characteristics of milk fermented with and , providing a basis for improving the flavor and odor of dairy products during fermentation and storage.
Topics: Animals; Milk; Lactobacillus helveticus; Streptococcus thermophilus; Fermentation; Acetoin; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Ketones; Pentanones
PubMed: 38542894
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061257 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Aug 2023To investigate the protective effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the protective effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the possible mechanisms.
METHODS
Sixty C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into Sham group, LPS group, LPS + Alda-1 (an ALDH2 agonist) group, and LPS + Daidzin (an ALDH2 inhibitor) group. After the treatment, the wet/dry lung mass ratio of the mice was measured, and the lung permeability was evaluated with Evans Blue (EB). The lung tissue pathologies were evaluated with HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured with ELISA, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined to measure oxidative stress levels. The expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, OPA1, Drp1, Fis1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the lung tissues were detected using Western blotting.
RESULTS
The mice with LPS-induced ALI showed severe disruption of the lung tissue structure and endothelial cell tight junctions with significantly increased the lung permeability (<0.01), increased levels of 4-HNE and MDA (<0.01), decreased activities of CAT and SOD (<0.01), lowered expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, and OPA1 proteins, and increased expressions of Drp1, Fis1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins (<0.05, <0.01). Treatment with Alda-1 significantly improved lung tissue pathologies and mitochondrial damage in ALI mice (<0.01), increased the expressions of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, OPA1, Mfn2, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and lowered the expressions of Drp1 and Fis1 proteins (<0.05, <0.01). Compared with Alda-1, treatment with Daidzin significantly increased the lung permeability, exacerbated mitochondrial damage, decreased the expression of ALDH2, ZO-1, Occludin, Mfn2, OPA1, and nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and increased expressions of Drp1 and Fis1 proteins (<0.05, <0.01).
CONCLUSION
ALDH2 can ameliorate LPSinduced lung endothelial barrier damage in ALI mice by maintaining the balance of mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting oxidative stress, and the mechanism may be related to the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Acute Lung Injury; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondrial Dynamics; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Occludin; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37712276
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.08.16