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Brazilian Oral Research 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The study included 16 ACC cases and 12 PA. All ACC and PA cases were positive for EZH2 and the ACC samples showed significantly higher EZH2 expression. The clinical and microscopic covariates were described in relation to EZH2 staining in ACC samples. The highest mean values of EZH2 were observed in cases with local metastasis, recurrence, perineural invasion, and predominantly cribriform growth pattern without solid areas. EZH2 is a potential marker of malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein
PubMed: 38477804
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0018 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden with a rising incidence worldwide. Distinct bacterial populations are associated with CRC development and...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden with a rising incidence worldwide. Distinct bacterial populations are associated with CRC development and progression, and it is thought that the relationship between CRC and associated gut bacteria changes during the progression from normal epithelium to benign adenoma and eventually malignant carcinoma and metastasis. This study compared the interaction of CRC-associated species Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and one probiotic species, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with a colorectal adenoma (S/RG/C2) and a colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT116) derived cell line. Gentamicin protection assays showed that all species displayed higher attachment to benign tumour monolayers when compared to malignant monolayers. However, invasion of 3/4 species was higher in the HCT116 cells than in the adenoma cells. All species were found to persist within tumour cell monolayers for a minimum of 48 h under standard aerobic cell culture conditions, with persistence significantly higher in HCT116 cells. Downstream assays were performed to analyse the behaviour of S/RG/C2 and HCT116 cells post-infection and revealed that all species increased the tumour cell yield of both cell lines. The migratory and invasive potential of HCT116 cells was increased after infection with F. nucleatum; however, no species significantly altered these characteristics in S/RG/C2 cells. These results add to the growing evidence for the involvement of microorganisms in CRC progression and suggest that these interactions may be dependent on tumour cell-specific characteristics.
Topics: Humans; HCT116 Cells; Colorectal Neoplasms; Bacteria; Cell Proliferation; Adenoma
PubMed: 37828235
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44130-6 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive and rare disease, characterized by a very poor prognosis. For almost two decades, the world standard treatment regimen for... (Review)
Review
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive and rare disease, characterized by a very poor prognosis. For almost two decades, the world standard treatment regimen for unresectable PM has consisted of a platinum-based drug plus pemetrexed, leading to an overall survival of approximately 12 months. The dramatic therapeutic scenario of PM has recently changed with the entry into the clinic of immune checkpoint inhibition, which has proven to be an effective approach to improve the survival of PM patients. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most promising immunotherapeutic-based strategies currently under investigation for advanced PM.
Topics: Humans; Mesothelioma; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Immunotherapy; Pleural Neoplasms; Pemetrexed
PubMed: 38259475
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1333661 -
European Radiology Nov 2023To investigate whether morphological changes after surgery and delta-radiomics of the optic chiasm obtained from routine MRI could help predict postoperative visual...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether morphological changes after surgery and delta-radiomics of the optic chiasm obtained from routine MRI could help predict postoperative visual recovery of pituitary adenoma patients.
METHODS
A total of 130 pituitary adenoma patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the recovery group (n = 87) and non-recovery group (n = 43) according to visual outcome 1 year after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. Morphological parameters of the optic chiasm were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, including chiasmal thickness, deformed angle, and suprasellar extension. Delta-radiomics of the optic chiasm were calculated based on features extracted from preoperative and postoperative coronal T2-weighted images, followed by machine learning modeling using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator wrapped with support vector machine through fivefold cross-validation in the development set. The delta-radiomic model was independently evaluated in the test set, and compared with the combined model that incorporated delta-radiomics, significant clinical and morphological parameters.
RESULTS
Postoperative morphological changes of the optic chiasm could not significantly be used as predictors for the visual outcome. In contrast, the delta-radiomics model represented good performances in predicting visual recovery, with an AUC of 0.821 in the development set and 0.811 in the independent test set. Moreover, the combined model that incorporated age and delta-radiomics features of the optic chiasm achieved the highest AUC of 0.841 and 0.840 in the development set and independent test set, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our proposed machine learning models based on delta-radiomics of the optic chiasm can be used to predict postoperative visual recovery of pituitary adenoma patients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
Our delta-radiomics-based models from MRI enable accurate visual recovery predictions in pituitary adenoma patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, facilitating better clinical decision-making and ultimately improving patient outcomes.
KEY POINTS
• Prediction of the postoperative visual outcome for pituitary adenoma patients is important but challenging. • Delta-radiomics of the optic chiasm after surgical decompression represented better prognostic performances compared with its morphological changes. • The proposed machine learning models can serve as novel approaches to predict visual recovery for pituitary adenoma patients in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Pituitary Neoplasms; Optic Chiasm; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prognosis; Adenoma
PubMed: 37488296
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09963-9 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023We previously described that a short version of the acute octreotide test (sAOT) can predict the response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) in...
INTRODUCTION
We previously described that a short version of the acute octreotide test (sAOT) can predict the response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) in patients with acromegaly. We have prospectively reassessed the sAOT in patients from the ACROFAST study using current ultra-sensitive GH assays. We also studied the correlation of sAOT with tumor expression of E-cadherin and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) .
METHODS
A total of 47 patients treated with SRLs for 6 months were evaluated with the sAOT at diagnosis and correlated with SRLs' response. Those patients whose IGF1 decreased to <3SDS from normal value were considered and those whose IGF1 was ≥3SDS, were considered . The 2 hours GH value (GH) after s.c. administration of 100 mcg of octreotide was used to define predictive cutoffs. E-cadherin and SSTR2 immunostaining in somatotropinoma tissue were investigated in 24/47 and 18/47 patients, respectively.
RESULTS
In all, 30 patients were responders and 17 were non-responders. GH was 0.68 (0.25-1.98) ng/mL in responders vs 2.35 (1.59-9.37) ng/mL in non-responders (p<0.001). GH = 1.4ng/mL showed the highest ability to identify responders (accuracy of 81%, sensitivity of 73.3%, and specificity of 94.1%). GH = 4.3ng/mL was the best cutoff for non-response prediction (accuracy of 74%, sensitivity of 35.3%, and specificity of 96.7%). Patients with E-cadherin-positive tumors showed a lower GH than those with E-cadherin-negative tumors [0.9 (0.3-2.1) vs 3.3 (1.5-12.1) ng/mL; p<0.01], and patients with positive E-cadherin presented a higher score of SSTR2 (7.5 ± 4.2 vs 3.3 ± 2.1; p=0.01).
CONCLUSION
The sAOT is a good predictor tool for assessing response to SRLs and correlates with tumor E-cadherin and SSTR2 expression. Thus, it can be useful in clinical practice for therapeutic decision-making in patients with acromegaly.
Topics: Humans; Octreotide; Acromegaly; Somatostatin; Treatment Outcome; Pituitary Neoplasms; Adenoma; Cadherins
PubMed: 38027102
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269787 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2024The objective was to investigate the correlation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of benign thyroid lesions.
INTRODUCTION
The objective was to investigate the correlation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of benign thyroid lesions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
29 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 133 cases of thyroid adenoma, and 34 cases of HT with thyroid adenoma paraffin embedded tissue samples were used for EBV and HPV quantitative detection.
RESULTS
None of the tissue samples carried HPV DNA. In HT tissue samples, the positive rate of EBV was 55.2% (16/29). In thyroid adenoma tissue samples, the positive rate was 37.6% (50/133). In HT combined with thyroid adenoma tissue samples, the positive rate of EBV was 67.6% (23/34). There was no correlation between EBV infection and clinical features such as age and gender.
CONCLUSION
The occurrence and development of benign thyroid lesions are closely related to EBV infection. HT combined with thyroid adenoma may be more susceptible to EBV infection than simple HT and thyroid adenoma, which provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of benign thyroid lesions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Adult; Middle Aged; Hashimoto Disease; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Thyroid Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Adenoma; Papillomaviridae; DNA, Viral; Aged; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38646990
DOI: 10.5603/ep.99339 -
Annals of Saudi Medicine 2023Although transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for rectal neoplasia has gained wide acceptance, the mid-term and long-term outcomes are not widely reported in the...
BACKGROUND
Although transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for rectal neoplasia has gained wide acceptance, the mid-term and long-term outcomes are not widely reported in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
Describe the mid-term outcomes of patients who underwent TAMIS for benign and malignant rectal lesions in a single center.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTINGS
Tertiary referral center.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Demographic, clinical, and oncological outcomes of patients who underwent TAMIS between January 2015 and December 2022 were prospectively collected. The indication for TAMIS was based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. The follow up for the cancer patients included clinical examination, tumor markers every 6 months and MRI rectum at the end of one year. In addition, colonoscopy and CT scan at years one and three and a final CT scan and colonoscopy at year five.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mid-term oncological and clinical outcome.
RESULTS
Thirty elective TAMIS procedures included adenocarcinoma for 33.3% (n=10) of the patients, 20% (n=6) neuroendocrine tumor and the 40% (n=12) were adenomatous lesions. Negative resection margins were achieved in all malignant lesions. Perioperative complications occurred in 2 patients (6.6%), one patient had breaching into the peritoneal cavity, and postoperative hypotension occurred in another patient. The median follow-up time was 23 months (range: 5-72 months). Two patients with adenoma and positive margins developed recurrent adenoma (6.6%) and one patient with initial polypectomy biopsy of adenocarcinoma, had TAMIS with histopathology of adenoma and distant metastasis had developed.
CONCLUSIONS
TAMIS for local excision of rectal neoplasia is a valid option with favorable mid-term outcomes provided there is adherence to careful selection criteria.
LIMITATIONS
Retrospective nature and small number of the patients.
Topics: Humans; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Rectal Neoplasms; Transanal Endoscopic Surgery; Adenoma; Adenocarcinoma; Anal Canal
PubMed: 38071443
DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2023.348 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 are isoforms for the PVT1 gene and are associated with cancer progression and carcinogenesis. Our study investigated the expression of LncPVT1 and...
LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 are isoforms for the PVT1 gene and are associated with cancer progression and carcinogenesis. Our study investigated the expression of LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 in colon adenoma polyps. 40 tissues of colorectal polyps and 40 normal-adjacent tissues (NATs) were taken. The expression of LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 was evaluated through qRael-Time PCR. The relation between expression and features of clinicopathological was explored. The ceRNA network was constructed by LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 and predicted miRNAs and miRNAs targets. Further, hub nodes in this network were determined using the cytoHubba package. Over-expressed LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 were differentiated in polyp and NATs. The expression level of LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 were significantly higher in adenoma polyps than in hyperplastic polyps. The area under the curve of the ROC estimate for the LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 was 0.74 and 0.77, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the LncPVT1 expression and CircPVT1. Three miRNAs, including hsa-miR-484, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, and CircPVT1, were detected as ceRNA hub nodes. In this study, expression profiles of LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 were significantly higher in precancerous polyps. In addition, based on our in silico analysis, LncPVT1, CircPVT1/miR-484, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p/PLAGL2 axis might be involved in colon cancer development. LncPVT1 and CircPVT1 can be prescribed as warning problems as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with pre-CRC colon polyps.
Topics: Humans; Adenoma; Biomarkers; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; DNA-Binding Proteins; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; RNA-Binding Proteins; Transcription Factors; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 37573419
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40288-1 -
Thoracic Cancer Sep 2023Pleurectomy and decortication (PD) in malignant pleural mesothelioma has a high morbidity mostly associated with aspiration pneumonia (PNA), deep vein thrombosis (DVT),...
BACKGROUND
Pleurectomy and decortication (PD) in malignant pleural mesothelioma has a high morbidity mostly associated with aspiration pneumonia (PNA), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and foreign catheter sepsis. We instituted four strategies to reduce these complications and report our experience.
METHODS
This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent PD at the University of Pennsylvania between 2015 and 2022. Our patients underwent standard of care PD in addition to tracheostomy and gastrostomy/jejunostomy tube with therapeutic anticoagulation (AC) leading up to surgery. Measured outcomes were postoperative PNA, DVT, and sepsis. The predicted risk of those same outcomes had patients not undergone the interventions was calculated based on the American College of Surgeons (ACS) surgical risk calculator (SRC). A McNemar's test was used to determine whether the risk of having PNA, DVT and sepsis differed between the two subgroups.
RESULTS
Fifty-five patients were included in the study. The mean age was 70 years (SD 6.2) with a mean of 21 (SD 19) pack-years of smoking. PNA, DVT, and catheter-related sepsis occurred in 12, four, and seven patients, respectively. Upon using the ACS SRC prediction model of the nonintervention group, PNA, DVT and catheter related sepsis was predicted to occur in 24 (paired data OR 5, 95% CI: 1.4-17.2; McNemar's test p = 0.008), 14 (paired data OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.15-10.6; McNemar's test p = 0.03), and 17 (paired OR 3, 95% CI: 1.09-8.3; McNemar's test p = 0.04) patients, respectively.
DISCUSSION
Patients undergoing tracheostomy creation, therapeutic AC at the time of diagnosis, and gastrostomy tube placement had a reduced risk of aspiration PNA, DVT, and catheter sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Mesothelioma; Pleural Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Morbidity; Sepsis
PubMed: 37574596
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15067 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Nov 2023Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a heritable form of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by germline inactivating mutations in CDC73 encoding...
CONTEXT
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a heritable form of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by germline inactivating mutations in CDC73 encoding parafibromin and is associated with an increased risk of parathyroid cancer. There is little evidence to guide the management of patients with the disease.
OBJECTIVE
(1) Characterize the natural history of HPT-JT, (2) correlate genotype and histology of parathyroid tumors with parafibromin immunostaining, (3) understand molecular changes downstream to CDC73 loss.
DESIGN
Retrospective study of patients with HPT-JT syndrome (genetically confirmed or affected first-degree relatives). Independent review of uterine tumor from 2 patients and staining for parafibromin on parathyroid tumors from 19 patients (13 adenomas, 6 carcinomas) was performed. RNA-sequencing was performed in 21 parathyroid samples (8 HPT-JT-related adenomas, 6 HPT-JT-related carcinomas, and 7 sporadic carcinomas with wild-type CDC73).
RESULTS
We identified 68 patients from 29 kindreds with HPT-JT with median age at last follow-up of 39 [interquartile range, 29-53] years. A total of 55/68 (81%) developed primary hyperparathyroidism; 17/55 (31%) had parathyroid carcinoma. Twelve of 32 (38%) females developed uterine tumors. Of the 11 patients who had surgical resection for uterine tumors, 12/24 (50%) tumors were rare mixed epithelial mesenchymal polypoid lesions. Four of 68 patients (6%) developed solid kidney tumors; 3/4 had a CDC73 variant at p.M1 residue. Parafibromin staining of parathyroid tumors did not correlate with tumor histology or genotype. RNA-sequencing showed a significant association of HPT-JT-related parathyroid tumors with transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, mesodermal commitment pathway, and cell-cell adhesion.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple, recurrent atypical adenomyomatous uterine polyps appear to be enriched in women with HPT-JT and appear characteristic of the disease. Patients with CDC73 variants at p.M1 residue appear predisposed to kidney tumors.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
NCT04969926.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Jaw Neoplasms; Adenoma; Transcription Factors; Carcinoma; Uterine Neoplasms; Kidney Neoplasms; RNA
PubMed: 37339334
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad368