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Bioscience Trends Nov 2023Hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma are the most common benign solid liver tumors. However, their surgical indications have been the... (Review)
Review
Hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma are the most common benign solid liver tumors. However, their surgical indications have been the subject of debate. Minimally invasive liver resection reduces the cost of surgery and may lead to overtreatment of benign liver tumors. Recently, there has been a growing understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these tumors. Great progress has also been made in imaging. The use of MRI and contrast agents has improved the accuracy of non-invasive diagnosis of these tumors, and especially in the identification of specific molecular subtypes of liver adenoma. These factors have resulted in alterations of surgical indications for these tumors. This article examines recent literature and it discusses the surgical indications for hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma while summarizing modifications in clinical management.
Topics: Humans; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; Liver Neoplasms; Liver; Adenoma, Liver Cell; Hemangioma
PubMed: 37599079
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01152 -
Nutrients Jun 2023There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for advanced adenoma, an important precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine alterations in ileal juice...
BACKGROUND
There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for advanced adenoma, an important precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine alterations in ileal juice bile acids associated with colorectal advanced adenoma.
METHODS
We quantified a comprehensive panel of primary and secondary bile acids and their conjugates using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometric assay in ileal juice collected at colonoscopy from 46 study subjects (i.e., 14 biopsy-confirmed advanced adenomas and 32 controls free of adenoma or cancer). Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we examined the differences in bile acid concentrations by disease status, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status and type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS
The concentrations of hyodeoxycholic acid (HCA) species in ileal juice of the advanced adenoma patients (geometric mean = 4501.9 nM) were significantly higher than those of controls (geometric mean = 1292.3 nM, = 0.001). The relative abundance of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in total bile acids was significantly reduced in cases than controls (0.73% in cases vs. 1.33% in controls; = 0.046). No significant difference between cases and controls was observed for concentrations of total or specific primary bile acids (i.e., cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and their glycine- and taurine-conjugates) and total and specific major secondary bile acids (i.e., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid).
CONCLUSIONS
Colorectal advanced adenoma was associated with altered bile acids in ileal juice. The HCA species may promote the development of colorectal advanced adenoma, whereas gut microbiota responsible for the conversion of CDCA to UDCA may protect against it. Our findings have important implications for the use of bile acids as biomarkers in early detection of colorectal cancer.
Topics: Humans; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Colorectal Neoplasms; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Adenoma
PubMed: 37447256
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132930 -
Thoracic Cancer Sep 2023Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant tumor originating from the pleura, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Due to the insidious onset...
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant tumor originating from the pleura, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Due to the insidious onset and strong local invasiveness of MPM, most patients are diagnosed in the late stage and early screening and treatment for high-risk populations are crucial. The treatment of MPM mainly includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy and electric field therapy have also been applied, leading to further improvements in patient survival. The Mesothelioma Group of the Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group (East China LUng caNcer Group, ECLUNG; Youth Committee) developed a national consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MPM based on existing clinical research evidence and the opinions of national experts. This consensus aims to promote the homogenization and standardization of MPM diagnosis and treatment in China, covering epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
Topics: Humans; Consensus; East Asian People; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleural Neoplasms; China
PubMed: 37461124
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15022 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2024Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) arises from genetic enzyme defects, often in CYP21A2, causing primary adrenal insufficiency. In this case report, a man in his late...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) arises from genetic enzyme defects, often in CYP21A2, causing primary adrenal insufficiency. In this case report, a man in his late 20s with lifelong CAH faced challenges in adhering to medication. Suboptimal treatment led to the development of testicular adrenal rest tumours, diagnosed by ultrasound, and hypogonadism. Enhanced adherence restored hormone levels, promoting eugonadism. Adherence plays a crucial role in diminishing tumour size and preventing complications, potentially necessitating orchiectomy in severe cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adrenal Rest Tumor; Hypogonadism; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; Testicular Neoplasms; Adult
PubMed: 38533865
DOI: 10.61409/V12230794 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Mesothelioma; Lung Neoplasms; Pleural Neoplasms
PubMed: 38808836
DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20240118 -
JAMA Internal Medicine Aug 2023It is unclear if nonfunctional adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) are associated with increased mortality.
IMPORTANCE
It is unclear if nonfunctional adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) are associated with increased mortality.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze mortality and causes of death in patients with NFAA.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A national retrospective register-based case-control study was conducted and included 17 726 patients with a diagnosis of adrenal adenoma in Sweden from 2005 to 2019 who were identified and followed up until death or 2020 as well as 124 366 controls without adrenal adenoma. Individuals with diagnoses indicating adrenal hormonal excess or cancer were excluded. Follow-up started after 3 months of cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups of individuals for whom it was assumed that controls would also have undergone computed tomography: those with acute appendicitis (for whom it was assumed that there was no concern of cancer) and in patients with a combination of gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas disorders and 6-month and 12-month cancer-free survival following the date of the NFAA diagnosis. The data were analyzed in 2022.
EXPOSURES
Diagnosis of NFAA.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was all-cause mortality among patients with NFAA after adjustment for comorbidities and socioeconomic factors. Secondary outcomes were mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
RESULTS
Among 17 726 cases, 10 777 (60.8%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 65 (57-73) years; among 124 366 controls, 69 514 (55.9%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (58-73) years. Among cases, overall mortality during the follow-up period (median, 6.2 years [IQR, 3.3-9.6 years]) was higher compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43; 95 CI, 1.38-1.48; adjusted HR [aHR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16-1.26). The relative association of NFAA with overall mortality was similar in women and men (aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15-1.28] vs 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.26]; P < .001 in both groups). In contrast, NFAA was associated with a larger increase in mortality among individuals younger than 65 years (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31-1.58) than in older individuals (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20; P < .001 for interaction). Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was increased (aHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.29), as was mortality due to cancer (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.42-1.67). The association between NFAA and mortality remained significant and of similar magnitude in all sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The results of this case-control study suggest that NFAA was associated with an increased overall mortality and mortality of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The increase was more pronounced among younger individuals.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adenoma
PubMed: 37358871
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.2442 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Oct 2023Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify different methylation sites as new...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify different methylation sites as new methylation markers in CRC and colorectal adenoma through tissue detection.
METHODS
DNA extraction and bisulfite modification as well as Infinium 450K methylation microarray detection were performed in 46 samples of sporadic colorectal cancer tissue, nine samples of colorectal adenoma, and 20 normal samples, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted involving genes enrichments of GO and KEGG. Pyrosequencing methylation detection was further performed in 68 sporadic colorectal cancer tissues, 31 samples of colorectal adenoma, and 49 normal colorectal mucosae adjacent to carcinoma to investigate the differentially methylated genes obtained from methylation microarray.
RESULTS
There were 65,535 differential methylation marker probes, among which 25,464 were hypermethylated markers and 40,071 were hypomethylated markers in the adenoma compared with the normal group, and 395,571 were differentially methylated markers in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer compared with the normal group, including 21,710 hypermethylated markers and 17,861 hypomethylated markers. Five hypermethylated genes including ZNF471, SND1, SPOCK1, FBLIM1, and OTX1 were detected and confirmed in 68 cases of colorectal cancer, 31 cases of adenoma, and 49 cases of normal control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Hypermethylated genes of ZNF471, SND1, SPOCK1, FBLIM1, and OTX1 were obtained from methylation chip detection and further confirm analysis in colorectal cancer and adenoma compared with normal tissue, which may be promising diagnostic markers of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma.
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; Biomarkers, Tumor; CpG Islands; Early Detection of Cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms; Adenoma; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Proteoglycans; Endonucleases; Otx Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37779184
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03189-1 -
Gastroenterology Aug 2023Because post-polypectomy surveillance uses a growing proportion of colonoscopy capacity, more targeted surveillance is warranted. We therefore compared surveillance...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Because post-polypectomy surveillance uses a growing proportion of colonoscopy capacity, more targeted surveillance is warranted. We therefore compared surveillance burden and cancer detection using 3 different adenoma classification systems.
METHODS
In a case-cohort study among individuals who had adenomas removed between 1993 and 2007, we included 675 individuals with colorectal cancer (cases) diagnosed a median of 5.6 years after adenoma removal and 906 randomly selected individuals (subcohort). We compared colorectal cancer incidence among high- and low-risk individuals defined according to the traditional (high-risk: diameter ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia, villous growth pattern, or 3 or more adenomas), European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) 2020 (high-risk: diameter ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia, or 5 or more adenomas), and novel (high-risk: diameter ≥20 mm or high-grade dysplasia) classification systems. For the different classification systems, we calculated the number of individuals recommended frequent surveillance colonoscopy and estimated number of delayed cancer diagnoses.
RESULTS
Four hundred and thirty individuals with adenomas (52.7%) were high risk based on the traditional classification, 369 (45.2%) were high risk based on the ESGE 2020 classification, and 220 (27.0%) were high risk based on the novel classification. Using the traditional, ESGE 2020, and novel classifications, the colorectal cancer incidences per 100,000 person-years were 479, 552, and 690 among high-risk individuals, and 123, 124, and 179 among low-risk individuals, respectively. Compared with the traditional classification, the number of individuals who needed frequent surveillance was reduced by 13.9% and 44.2%, respectively, and 1 (3.4%) and 7 (24.1%) cancer diagnoses were delayed using the ESGE 2020 and novel classifications.
CONCLUSIONS
Using the ESGE 2020 and novel risk classifications will substantially reduce resources needed for colonoscopy surveillance after adenoma removal.
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Adenoma; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Risk; Risk Factors; Colonic Polyps
PubMed: 37146913
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.028 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jul 2023Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically characterized by monoclonal parathyroid tumors that secrete an excessive amount of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the...
Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically characterized by monoclonal parathyroid tumors that secrete an excessive amount of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the underlying pathogenesis of tumorigenesis remains unclear. We performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis on five parathyroid adenoma (PA) and two parathyroid carcinoma (PC) samples. A total of 63,909 cells were divided into 11 different cell categories; endocrine cells accounted for the largest proportion of cells in both PA and PC, and patients with PC had larger populations of endocrine cells. Our results revealed significant heterogeneity in PA and PC. We identified cell cycle regulators that may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of PC. Furthermore, we found that the tumor microenvironment in PC was immunosuppressive, and endothelial cells had the highest interactions with other cell types, such as fibroblast-musculature cells and endocrine cells. PC development may be stimulated by fibroblast-endothelial cell interactions. Our study clarifies the transcriptional signatures that underlie parathyroid tumors and offer a potential significant contribution in the study of pathogenesis of PC. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Humans; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Transcriptome; Endothelial Cells; Adenoma; Carcinogenesis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37191193
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4824 -
International Journal of Oral Science Sep 2023Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity...
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumour in the salivary gland and has high morphological complexity. However, the origin and intratumoral heterogeneity of PA are largely unknown. Here, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of PA at single-cell resolution and showed that PA exhibited five tumour subpopulations, three recapitulating the epithelial states of the normal parotid gland, and two PA-specific epithelial cell (PASE) populations unique to tumours. Then, six subgroups of PASE cells were identified, which varied in epithelium, bone, immune, metabolism, stemness and cell cycle signatures. Moreover, we revealed that CD36 myoepithelial cells were the tumour-initiating cells (TICs) in PA, and were dominated by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway significantly inhibited CD36 myoepithelial cell-derived tumour spheres and the growth of PA organoids. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and origin of PA, offering an important clinical implication for targeting the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway in PA treatment.
Topics: Humans; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Transcriptome; Myoepithelioma
PubMed: 37679344
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00243-2