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International Immunopharmacology Sep 2023The outer membrane vesicle (OMV) of bacteria is a bilayer membrane vesicle with a diameter of about 10-300 nm that is secreted during the growth of Gram-negative...
The outer membrane vesicle (OMV) of bacteria is a bilayer membrane vesicle with a diameter of about 10-300 nm that is secreted during the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. OMV is considered as a high-quality vaccine candidate antigen because of its natural immunogenicity and non-replicability. Although the excellent antigenicity of OMV has been widely confirmed, its instability and heterogeneity greatly affect its immune effect. Many studies have demonstrated that in combination with nanoparticles can enhance the stability of OMV. In this study, OMVs were used to coat chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and obtain a stable OMV vaccine. The characteristics, including morphology, hydrodynamic size, and zeta potential were evaluated. The immune protection of CNP-OMV and anti-infection efficacy were examined and compared in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the CNP-OMV were homogenous with a size of 139 nm and a stable core-shell structure. And CNP-OMV could significantly increase the cell proliferation, phagocytosis and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 secretion of RAW264.7 in vitro. In vivo, CNP-OMV could significantly increase the levels of anti-Bb and OMV IgG antibodies. Levels of blood lymphocyte, and Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-12), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5), and Th17 (IL-17, TNF-α) type cytokines in the serum were all significantly increased. At the same time, CNP-OMV could significantly reduce the bacterial invading the lungs of challenged rabbits. And CNP-OMV could largely protect the lungs from injury. The above results showed that CNP-OMV had a good immune efficacy and could resist the infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica. This study provided a scientific basis for the development of novel effective and safe vaccine against Bordetella bronchiseptica, and also provided a new idea for the development of new bacterial vaccine.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Chitosan; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Bacterial Vaccines; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37451023
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110612 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Dec 2023The present article offers a historical overview on pertussis (whooping cough) by analysing the ancient epidemic manifestations of the disease and the path towards the...
The present article offers a historical overview on pertussis (whooping cough) by analysing the ancient epidemic manifestations of the disease and the path towards the discovery of an effective vaccine against it. The original mentions of pertussis are examined with reference to Mediaeval Afghanistan and the famous AD 1578 Paris epidemic described by the French physician Guillaume de Baillou. The historical data are then matched with information derived from analyses of phylogenetic trees of B. pertussis. Finally, this article also highlights some recent challenges posed to public health by this infectious disease.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Whooping Cough; Pertussis Vaccine; Phylogeny; Bordetella pertussis; Epidemics; Vaccination
PubMed: 38379743
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3163 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Urban rats serve as reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens that seriously endanger public health, destroy stored food, and damage infrastructure due to their close...
Urban rats serve as reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens that seriously endanger public health, destroy stored food, and damage infrastructure due to their close interaction with humans and domestic animals. Here, we characterize the core microbiomes of stomach, gut, and lung using 16S rRNA next-generation Illumina HiSeq sequencing. The USEARCH software (v11) assigned the dataset to operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The alpha diversity index was calculated using QIIME1, while the beta diversity index was determined using the Bray-Curtis and Euclidean distances between groups. Principal component analyses visualized variation across samples based on the OTU information using the R package. Linear discriminant analysis, effect sizes (LEfSe), and phylogenetic investigation were used to identify differentially abundant taxa among groups. We reported an abundance of microbiota in the stomach, and they shared some of them with the gut and lung microbiota. A close look at the microbial family level reveals abundant Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae in the stomach, whereas Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were more abundant in the gut; in contrast, Alcaligenaceae were abundant in the lungs. At the species level, some beneficial bacteria, particularly and , and some potential pathogens, such as , , , , etc., were identified in stomach, gut, and lung samples. Moreover, the alpha and beta diversity indexes revealed significant differences between the groups. Further analysis revealed abundant differential taxonomic biomarkers, i.e., increased Prevotellaceae and Clostridia in the lungs, whereas Campylobacteria and Lachnospirales were richest in the stomachs. In conclusion, we identified many beneficial, opportunistic, and highly pathogenic bacteria, confirming the importance of urban rats for public health. This study recommends a routine survey program to monitor rodent distribution and the pathogens they carry and transmit to humans and other domestic mammals.
PubMed: 37764203
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092359 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Achromobacter denitrificans; Ecthyma; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37493732
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0071-2023 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2024Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microbial pathogens recovered from patients with infectious disease facilitates high-resolution strain characterization and molecular...
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microbial pathogens recovered from patients with infectious disease facilitates high-resolution strain characterization and molecular epidemiology. However, increasing reliance on culture-independent methods to diagnose infectious diseases has resulted in few isolates available for WGS. Here, we report a novel culture-independent approach to genome characterization of , the causative agent of pertussis and a paradigm for insufficient genomic surveillance due to limited culture of clinical isolates. Sequencing libraries constructed directly from residual pertussis-positive diagnostic nasopharyngeal specimens were hybridized with biotinylated RNA "baits" targeting fragments within complex mixtures that contained high concentrations of host and microbial background DNA. Recovery of genome sequence data was evaluated with mock and pooled negative clinical specimens spiked with reducing concentrations of either purified DNA or inactivated cells. Targeted enrichment increased the yield of sequencing reads up to 90% while simultaneously decreasing host reads to less than 10%. Filtered sequencing reads provided sufficient genome coverage to perform characterization via whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms and whole-genome multilocus sequencing typing. Moreover, these data were concordant with sequenced isolates recovered from the same specimens such that phylogenetic reconstructions from either consistently clustered the same putatively linked cases. The optimized protocol is suitable for nasopharyngeal specimens with diagnostic IS Ct < 35 and >10 ng DNA. Routine implementation of these methods could strengthen surveillance and study of pertussis resurgence by capturing additional cases with genomic characterization.
Topics: Humans; Bordetella pertussis; Whooping Cough; Phylogeny; Genomics; DNA; Bordetella
PubMed: 38445858
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01653-23 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Aug 2023The determination of serum anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies is recommended for the diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis. However, the diagnostic power of...
BACKGROUND
The determination of serum anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies is recommended for the diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis. However, the diagnostic power of anti-PT IgG can be hampered by possible interference from previous vaccinations. We aim to assess if anti-PT IgA antibodies can be well induced by Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infections in children, and their capacity to improve pertussis serodiagnosis.
METHODS
Serum samples from 172 hospitalized children younger than 10 years old with confirmed pertussis were tested. Pertussis was confirmed by culture, PCR and/or serology. Anti-PT IgA antibodies were determined with commercial ELISA kits.
RESULTS
Sixty-four (37.2 %) subjects had anti-PT IgA antibodies greater than or equal to 15 IU/ml, and 52 (30.2 %) of them had anti-PT IgA antibodies greater than or equal to 20 IU/ml. No children with negative anti-PT IgG (less than 40 IU/ml) were observed to have anti-PT IgA antibodies greater than or equal to 15 IU/ml. Of patients younger than one year of age, about 50 % had an IgA antibody response. Moreover, the proportion of subjects with anti-PT IgA antibodies greater than or equal to 15 IU/ml among PCR negative subjects was significantly higher than that among PCR positive subjects (76.9 % vs 35.5 %).
CONCLUSIONS
The determination of anti-PT IgA antibodies does not seem to have added value for the serodiagnosis of pertussis in children older than one year of age. However, for infants, determination of serum anti-PT IgA antibodies appears to be useful for the diagnosis of pertussis especially when PCR and culture are negative. The results should be interpreted with caution as the number of subjects included in this study was limited.
Topics: Child; Infant; Humans; Child, Preschool; Bordetella pertussis; Pertussis Toxin; Antibodies, Bacterial; Immunoglobulin G; Whooping Cough; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoglobulin A
PubMed: 37269695
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.028 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Many countries continue to experience pertussis epidemics despite widespread vaccination. Waning protection after booster vaccination has highlighted the need for a...
Many countries continue to experience pertussis epidemics despite widespread vaccination. Waning protection after booster vaccination has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the immunological factors that promote durable protection. Here we apply systems vaccinology to investigate antibody responses in adolescents in the Netherlands (N = 14; NL) and the United Kingdom (N = 12; UK) receiving a tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus (Tdap-IPV) vaccine. We report that early antiviral and interferon gene expression signatures in blood correlate to persistence of pertussis-specific antibody responses. Single-cell analyses of the innate response identified monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (MoDC) as principal responders that upregulate antiviral gene expression and type-I interferon cytokine production. With public data, we show that Tdap vaccination stimulates significantly lower antiviral/type-I interferon responses than Tdap-IPV, suggesting that IPV may promote antiviral gene expression. Subsequent in vitro stimulation experiments demonstrate TLR-dependent, IPV-specific activation of the pro-inflammatory p38 MAP kinase pathway in MoDCs. Together, our data provide insights into the molecular host response to pertussis booster vaccination and demonstrate that IPV enhances innate immune activity associated with persistent, pertussis-specific antibody responses.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Bordetella pertussis; Immunity, Humoral; Tetanus; Whooping Cough; Diphtheria; Vaccines, Combined; Antibodies, Bacterial; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Vaccination; Immunization, Secondary; Corynebacterium; Poliovirus; Interferons; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 38459022
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46560-w -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Feb 2024The United States has experienced a resurgence of pertussis following the introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This is likely due to the failure of aP...
BACKGROUND
The United States has experienced a resurgence of pertussis following the introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This is likely due to the failure of aP vaccines to induce durable immunity and prevent infection, carriage, and transmission.
METHODS
To evaluate the impact of aP vaccination on the immune response to infection and test the ability of infection to reprogram aP-imprinted immune responses, we challenged unvaccinated and aP-vaccinated baboons with Bordetella pertussis multiple times and accessed the immune responses and outcomes of infections after each exposure.
RESULTS
Multiple infections were required to elicit T-helper 17 responses and protection in aP-vaccinated animals comparable to responses seen in unvaccinated animals after a single challenge. Even after 3 challenges, T-helper 1 responses were not observed in aP-vaccinated animals. Immunoglobulin G responses to vaccine and nonvaccine antigens were not negatively affected in aP-vaccinated animals.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that it is possible to retrain aP-primed immune responses, but it will likely require an optimal booster and multiple doses. Our results in the baboon model suggest that circulation of B. pertussis in aP-vaccinated populations is concentrated in the younger age bands of the population, providing information that can guide improved modeling of B. pertussis epidemiology in aP-vaccinated populations.
Topics: Animals; Whooping Cough; Bordetella pertussis; Papio; Antibodies, Bacterial; Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccines, Acellular
PubMed: 37565807
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad332 -
The ISME Journal Oct 2023While genome sequencing has expanded our knowledge of symbiosis, role assignment within multi-species microbiomes remains challenging due to genomic redundancy and the...
While genome sequencing has expanded our knowledge of symbiosis, role assignment within multi-species microbiomes remains challenging due to genomic redundancy and the uncertainties of in vivo impacts. We address such questions, here, for a specialized nitrogen (N) recycling microbiome of turtle ants, describing a new genus and species of gut symbiont-Ischyrobacter davidsoniae (Betaproteobacteria: Burkholderiales: Alcaligenaceae)-and its in vivo physiological context. A re-analysis of amplicon sequencing data, with precisely assigned Ischyrobacter reads, revealed a seemingly ubiquitous distribution across the turtle ant genus Cephalotes, suggesting ≥50 million years since domestication. Through new genome sequencing, we also show that divergent I. davidsoniae lineages are conserved in their uricolytic and urea-generating capacities. With phylogenetically refined definitions of Ischyrobacter and separately domesticated Burkholderiales symbionts, our FISH microscopy revealed a distinct niche for I. davidsoniae, with dense populations at the anterior ileum. Being positioned at the site of host N-waste delivery, in vivo metatranscriptomics and metabolomics further implicate I. davidsoniae within a symbiont-autonomous N-recycling pathway. While encoding much of this pathway, I. davidsoniae expressed only a subset of the requisite steps in mature adult workers, including the penultimate step deriving urea from allantoate. The remaining steps were expressed by other specialized gut symbionts. Collectively, this assemblage converts inosine, made from midgut symbionts, into urea and ammonia in the hindgut. With urea supporting host amino acid budgets and cuticle synthesis, and with the ancient nature of other active N-recyclers discovered here, I. davidsoniae emerges as a central player in a conserved and impactful, multipartite symbiosis.
Topics: Animals; Nitrogen; Ants; Phylogeny; Symbiosis; Urea
PubMed: 37558860
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01490-1 -
Veterinary Microbiology Sep 2023Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis are widely distributed swine pathogens. B. bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen and causes atrophic rhinitis and...
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis are widely distributed swine pathogens. B. bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen and causes atrophic rhinitis and bronchopneumonia. S. suis is a contributing agent to porcine respiratory disease complex and causes systemic diseases including arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, and septicemia. Colonization with B. bronchiseptica has been associated with increased colonization by other pathogenic bacteria and increased disease severity with viral and bacterial pathogens. It has also been reported to predispose cesarean derived, colostrum deprived (CDCD) piglets to S. suis systemic disease. Here, we evaluated the role of B. bronchiseptica colonization on S. suis colonization, dissemination, and disease in one study using conventional pigs and another using CDCD pigs. Pigs were challenged with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica, or B. bronchiseptica followed by S. suis. Incidence of S. suis disease was not increased in either study for animals pre-inoculated with B. bronchiseptica. Nasal colonization with S. suis was increased in coinfected animals, while B. bronchiseptica was similar between mono- and co-infected animals. Although increased S. suis disease was not seen in coinfected pigs, there is evidence that B. bronchiseptica can increase colonization with S. suis, which may contribute to enhanced disease when animals are stressed or immunocompromised.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Swine; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Streptococcus suis; Swine Diseases; Bordetella Infections; Nose; Bacteria
PubMed: 37542929
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109841