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Scientific Reports Dec 2023Bordetella bronchiseptica poses a significant challenge in the context of respiratory infections, particularly in weanling pigs. In this study, we investigated the...
Bordetella bronchiseptica poses a significant challenge in the context of respiratory infections, particularly in weanling pigs. In this study, we investigated the impact of a novel targeted bacteriophage in controlling B. bronchiseptica challenge (BBC) in an experimental design involving five distinct treatment groups: NC (no challenge), PC (BBC challenge), BF (10 pfu bacteriophage/kg diet + BBC), BN (2 × 10 pfu/day bacteriophage by nasal spray + BBC), and AT (antibiotic + BBC). The experiment was conducted for 2 weeks. The highest turbinate score was observed in the PC. The BF treatment showed higher plasma IL (interleukine)-1β and IL-6 compared with the BN and AT treatments. Plasma concentrations of IL-1β were increased in the BF pigs compared with the BN, AT, and NC. Among the BBC groups, the PC treatment exhibited a higher abundance of Staphylococcus. aureus and B. bronchiseptica in the lung. A lower S. aureus, Streptococcus. suis, and B. bronchiseptica colonization was detected in the AT compared with the BF and BN treatments. The BF showed lower plasma zonulin compared with the BN and AT. A higher plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase was observed in the BF and AT compared with PC and BN. The BN influenced the glycine, serine-threonine metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glyoxylate-dicarboxylate metabolism; and arachidonic acid metabolism compared with the NC. In conclusion, nasal-sprayed bacteriophage effectively controlled B. bronchiseptica infection, however, their efficiency was lower than the antibiotic.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Swine Diseases; Bacteriophages; Staphylococcus aureus; Bordetella Infections; Microbiota; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38066337
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49248-1 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2024spp. are opportunistic pathogens of environmental origin increasingly isolated in patients with underlying conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite recent...
UNLABELLED
spp. are opportunistic pathogens of environmental origin increasingly isolated in patients with underlying conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite recent advances, their virulence factors remain incompletely studied, and siderophore production has not yet been investigated in this genus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of siderophores in a large collection of spp. and evaluate the variability according to the origin of the strain and species. A total of 163 strains were studied, including 128 clinical strains (CF and non-CF patients) and 35 strains of environmental origin. Siderophores were quantified by the liquid chrome azurol-sulphonate assay. Species were identified by gene-based phylogeny. Strains were assigned to 20 species, with being the most represented (51.5% of strains). Siderophore production was observed in 72.4% of the strains, with amounts ranging from 10.1% to 90% siderophore units. A significantly higher prevalence of siderophore-producing strains and greater production of siderophores were observed for clinical strains compared with strains of environmental origin. Highly variable observations were made according to species: presented unique characteristics (one of the highest prevalence of producing strains and highest amounts produced, particularly by CF strains). Siderophores are important factors for bacterial growth commonly produced by members of the genus. The significance of the observations made during this study must be further investigated. Indeed, the differences observed according to species and the origin of strains suggest that siderophores may represent important determinants of the pathophysiology of spp. infections and also contribute to the particular epidemiological success of in human infections.
IMPORTANCE
spp. are recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens in humans with various underlying diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Although their pathophysiological traits are increasingly studied, their virulence factors remain incompletely described. Particularly, siderophores that represent important factors of bacterial growth have not yet been studied in this genus. A population-based study was performed to explore the ability of members of the genus to produce siderophores, both overall and in relevant subgroups ( species; strain origin, either clinical-from CF or non-CF patients-or environmental). This study provides original data showing that siderophore production is a common trait of strains, particularly observed among clinical strains. The major species, , encompassed both one of the highest prevalence of siderophore-producing strains and strains producing the largest amounts of siderophores, particularly observed for CF strains. These observations may represent additional advantages accounting for the epidemiological success of this species.
Topics: Humans; Achromobacter; Cystic Fibrosis; Prevalence; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Achromobacter denitrificans; Virulence Factors; Siderophores
PubMed: 38315029
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02953-23 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023There is little research about the stress, quality of life (QOL) and gut microbiota in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. In this study addressing the dearth of...
There is little research about the stress, quality of life (QOL) and gut microbiota in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. In this study addressing the dearth of research on stress, quality of life (QOL), and gut microbiota in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, 82 individuals were prospectively observed. Utilizing the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT)-Breast questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) to gauge distress levels, the findings revealed a mean FACT-B score of 104.5, underscoring HRQOL's varied impact. Significantly, 53.7% reported moderate to severe distress, with a mean DT score of 4.43. Further exploration uncovered compelling links between distress levels, FACT-B domains, and microbial composition. Notably, Alcaligenaceae and Sutterella were more abundant in individuals with higher DT scores at the family and genus levels (p = 0.017), while Streptococcaceae at the family level and Streptococcus at the genus level were prevalent in those with lower DT scores (p = 0.028 and p = 0.023, respectively). This study illuminates the intricate interplay of stress, QOL, and gut microbiota in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, offering valuable insights for potential interventions of biomarker or probiotics aimed at alleviating stress and enhancing QOL in this patient cohort.
Topics: Humans; Female; Quality of Life; Breast Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Stress, Psychological; Patients
PubMed: 37864098
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45123-1 -
Medicine Jul 2023Bordetella parapertussis caused by a severe infection is rare in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of plastic bronchitis (PB).
RATIONALE
Bordetella parapertussis caused by a severe infection is rare in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of plastic bronchitis (PB).
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 4-year-old girl with a 2-day history of fever, paroxysmal cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage.
DIAGNOSES
The diagnoses were (1) B parapertussis , (2) pulmonary atelectasis, and (3) PB.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient received azithromycin and underwent bronchoscopy.
OUTCOMES
Symptoms disappeared after treatment. The patient had an outpatient follow-up of 2 months without respiratory symptoms.
LESSONS
PB can lead to respiratory failure if not intervened in the early stages.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella Infections; Bronchitis; Plastics
PubMed: 37417634
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034239 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2024In Finland, whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) was introduced in 1952 and was replaced by acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) without fimbrial (FIM) antigen in 2005. We...
OBJECTIVES
In Finland, whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) was introduced in 1952 and was replaced by acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) without fimbrial (FIM) antigen in 2005. We aimed to analyse the changes in serotypes of circulating Bordetella pertussis before and after acellular vaccination and to explore the relationship between biofilm formation and serotype diversity after the introduction of aP vaccine.
METHODS
Serotyping of 1399 B. pertussis isolates collected at the Finnish National Reference Laboratory for Pertussis and Diphtheria in Turku, Finland, from 1974 to 2023 was performed by slide agglutination or indirect ELISA. Of 278 isolates collected after 2005, 53 were selected, genotyped for fim3 and fim2 alleles, and tested for biofilm formation. The selection criteria included maintaining a relatively equal distribution of isolates per time interval, ensuring approximately a 50:50 ratio of FIM2 (N = 26) and FIM3 (N = 27) serotypes. The reference strain Tohama I was used as a control.
RESULTS
During the wP era, the majority of circulating B. pertussis exhibited the FIM2 serotype. However, FIM3 strains have appeared since 1999 and become prevalent. After the implementation of aP vaccines, the distribution of serotypes has exhibited substantial variability. FIM3 isolates displayed an enhanced biofilm formation compared to FIM2 isolates (Geometric mean value (95% CI): 0.90 (0.79-1.03) vs. 0.75 (0.65-0.85); p < 0.05). Of the 27 FIM3 isolates, 8 harboured fim3-1 and 19 fim3-2 alleles. FIM3 isolates with fim3-2 allele were significantly associated with increased biofilm formation when compared to those with fim3-1 (1.07 (0.96-1.19) vs. 0.61 (0.52-0.72); p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Following the implementation of aP vaccines, the distribution of serotypes in Finland has exhibited substantial variability. FIM3 isolates with the fim3-2 allele displayed an enhanced biofilm formation capability compared to FIM2 isolates.
Topics: Biofilms; Finland; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Whooping Cough; Serogroup; Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccines, Acellular; Fimbriae Proteins; Serotyping; Genotype; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Vaccination; Antigens, Bacterial; Virulence Factors, Bordetella
PubMed: 38310999
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.021 -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2023Inflows from unregulated tributaries change the physical, chemical, and biotic conditions in receiving regulated rivers, impacting microbial community structure and...
Inflows from unregulated tributaries change the physical, chemical, and biotic conditions in receiving regulated rivers, impacting microbial community structure and metabolic function. Understanding how tributary inflows affect bacterial carbon production (BCP) is integral to understanding energy transfer in riverine ecosystems. To investigate the role of tributary inflows on bacterial community composition and BCP, a ~90th percentile natural flow event was sampled over 5 days along the Lachlan River and its tributaries within the Murray-Darling Basin of eastern Australia. Increased tributary inflows after rainfall corresponded with a significantly different and more diverse bacterial community in the regulated mainstem. The major contributor to this difference was an increase in relative abundance of bacterial groups with a potential metabolic preference for humic substances (Burkholderiaceae Polynucleobacter, Alcaligenaceae GKS98 freshwater group, Saccharimonadia) and a significant decrease in Spirosomaceae Pseudarcicella, known to metabolise algal exudates. Increases in orthophosphate and river discharge explained 31% of community change, suggesting a combination of resource delivery and microbial community coalescence as major drivers. BCP initially decreased significantly with tributary inflows, but the total load of carbon assimilated by bacteria increased by up to 20 times with flow due to increased water volume. The significant drivers of BCP were dissolved organic carbon, water temperature, and conductivity. Notably, BCP was not correlated with bacterial diversity or community composition. Tributary inflows were shown to alter mainstem bacterial community structure and metabolic function to take advantage of fresh terrestrial dissolved organic material, resulting in substantial changes to riverine carbon assimilation over small times scales.
Topics: Rivers; Carbon; Ecosystem; Water; Bacteria
PubMed: 37480518
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02271-1 -
PloS One 2024The emergence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) is a significant problem because it reduces treatment options for pertussis and exacerbates the severity...
The emergence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) is a significant problem because it reduces treatment options for pertussis and exacerbates the severity and spread of the disease. MRBP has been widely prevalent in mainland China since the 2010s and has been sporadically detected in other Asian countries. In Japan, two MRBP clinical strains were first isolated in Tokyo and Osaka between June and July 2018. The isolates BP616 in Osaka and BP625 in Tokyo harbored the same virulence-associated allelic genes (including ptxP1, ptxA1, prn1, fim3A, and fhaB3) and MT195 genotype and exhibited similar antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. However, despite their simultaneous occurrence, a distinguishable epidemiological link between these isolates could not be established. To gain further insight into the genetic relationship between these isolates in this study, we performed whole-genome analyses. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that the isolates belonged to one of the three clades of Chinese MRBP isolates, but there were 11 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences between BP616 and BP625. Genome structure analysis revealed two large inversions (202 and 523 kbp) and one small transposition (3.8 kbp) between the genomes. These findings indicate that the two Japanese MRBP isolates are closely related to Chinese MRBP isolates but are genomically distinct, suggesting that they were introduced into Japan from mainland China through different transmission routes.
Topics: Humans; Bordetella pertussis; Macrolides; Japan; Phylogeny; Whooping Cough; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genotype
PubMed: 38359004
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298147 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 2023Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting epithelial ion transport, resulting in thickened mucus and impaired mucociliary clearance. Persons with CF (pwCF)...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting epithelial ion transport, resulting in thickened mucus and impaired mucociliary clearance. Persons with CF (pwCF) experience life-long infections of the respiratory mucosa caused by a diverse array of opportunists, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been increased appreciation for the range and diversity of microbes causing CF-related respiratory infections. The introduction of new therapeutics and improved detection methodology has revealed CF-related opportunists such as (). is a Gram-negative bacterial species which is widely distributed in environmental sources and has been increasingly observed in sputa and other samples from pwCF, typically in patients in later stages of CF disease. In this study, we characterized CF clinical isolates of and tested colonization and persistence of in respiratory infection using immortalized human CF respiratory epithelial cells and BALB/c mice. Genomic analyses of clinical isolates showed homologs for factors including flagellar synthesis, antibiotic resistance, and toxin secretion systems. isolates adhered to polarized cultures of CFBE41o- human immortalized CF bronchial epithelial cells and caused significant cytotoxicity and depolarization of cell layers. colonized and persisted in mouse lungs for up to 72 h post infection, with inflammatory consequences that include increased neutrophil influx in the lung, lung damage, cytokine production, and mortality. We also identified genes that are differentially expressed in synthetic CF sputum media. Based on these results, we conclude that is an opportunistic pathogen of significance in CF.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Achromobacter denitrificans; Cystic Fibrosis; Sputum; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 37909751
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00416-23 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The is usually infected by the obligate parasitic fungus to form an edible fleshy stem which is an aquatic vegetable called Jiaobai in China. The infection by the...
The is usually infected by the obligate parasitic fungus to form an edible fleshy stem which is an aquatic vegetable called Jiaobai in China. The infection by the teliospore (T) strain of induces forming gray fleshy stems, while the mycelia-teliospore (MT) strain of induces white fleshy stems which are more suitable for edibility than gray fleshy stems. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still largely unknown. One of the possible causes is the diversity of endophytic microbial communities between these two fleshy stems. Therefore, we utilized fungal ITS1 and bacterial 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to investigate the diversity of endophytic microbial communities in the two different fleshy stems of The results revealed that the α diversity and richness of endophytic fungi in white were significantly greater than in gray . The dominant fungal genus in both fleshy stems was , which accounted for over 90% of the endophytic fungi. The community composition of endophytic fungi in gray and white was different except for , and a negative correlation was observed between and other endophytic fungi. In addition, the dominant bacterial genus in gray was which is also negatively correlated with other bacterium communities. Additionally, the co-occurrence network of white was found to have a stronger scale, connectivity, and complexity compared to that of gray . And the detected beneficial bacteria and pathogens in the stems of potentially compete for resources. Furthermore, the function of endophytic bacteria is more abundant than endophytic fungi in . This research investigated the correlation between the development of fleshy stems and endophytic microbial communities. Our findings indicate that the composition of endophytic microbial communities is closely related to the type of fleshy stems. This research also suggests the potential utilization of specific microbial communities to enhance the growth and development of , thereby contributing to the breeding of .
PubMed: 37998872
DOI: 10.3390/jof9111067 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jun 2024Direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) might be of great significance to advance the innovation of biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems....
Direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) might be of great significance to advance the innovation of biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems. However, it remains unknown whether Dirammox bacteria can be selectively enriched in activated sludge. In this study, a lab-scale bioreactor was established and operated for 2 months to treat synthetic wastewater with hydroxylamine as a selection pressure. Three Dirammox strains (Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA1, Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA2, and Alcaligenes sp. SDU_A2) were isolated from the activated sludge, and their capability to perform Dirammox process was confirmed. Although these three Dirammox bacteria were undetectable in the seed sludge (0%), their relative abundances rapidly increased after a month of operation, reaching 12.65%, 0.69%, and 0.69% for SDU_A2, SDU_AA1, and SDU_AA2, respectively. Among them, the most dominant Dirammox (SDU_A2) exhibited higher nitrogen removal rate (32.35%) than the other two strains (13.57% of SDU_AA1 and 14.52% of SDU_AA2). Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the most dominant Dirammox bacterium (SDU_A2) possesses fewer complete metabolic modules compared to the other two less abundant Alcaligenes strains. Our findings expanded the understanding of the application of Dirammox bacteria as key functional microorganisms in a novel biological nitrogen and carbon removal process if they could be well stabilized. KEY POINTS: • Dirammox-dominated microbial community was enriched in activated sludge bioreactor. • The addition of hydroxylamine played a role in Dirammox enrichment. • Three Dirammox bacterial strains, including one novel species, were isolated.
Topics: Wastewater; Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Alcaligenes; Oxidation-Reduction; Sewage; Ammonia; Water Purification; Hydroxylamine; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38904674
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13214-2