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International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023is a maternally inherited, intercellular bacterial symbiont of insects and some other invertebrates. Here, we investigated the effect of two different strains,...
is a maternally inherited, intercellular bacterial symbiont of insects and some other invertebrates. Here, we investigated the effect of two different strains, differing in a large chromosomal inversion, on the differential expression of genes in females. We revealed significant changes in the transcriptome of the infected flies compared to the uninfected ones, as well as in the transcriptome of flies infected with the strain, wMelPlus, compared to flies infected with the wMelCS strain. We linked differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from two pairwise comparisons, "uninfected-wMelPlus-infected" and "uninfected-wMelCS-infected", into two gene networks, in which the following functional groups were designated: "Proteolysis", "Carbohydrate transport and metabolism", "Oxidation-reduction process", "Embryogenesis", "Transmembrane transport", "Response to stress" and "Alkaline phosphatases". Our data emphasized similarities and differences between infections by different strains under study: a wMelPlus infection results in more than double the number of upregulated DEGs and half the number of downregulated DEGs compared to a wMelCS infection. Thus, we demonstrated that made a significant contribution to differential expression of host genes and that the bacterial genotype plays a vital role in establishing the character of this contribution.
Topics: Animals; Female; Drosophila melanogaster; Wolbachia; Transcriptome; Genotype
PubMed: 38139239
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417411 -
Medicinski Glasnik : Official... Aug 2023Aim To determine risk factors associated with the development and severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study at the...
Aim To determine risk factors associated with the development and severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study at the Clinical Centre of the University of Tuzla (March 2022) included 104 adult patients (males 51.9%, females 48.1%) with chronic kidney diseases under dialysis treatment. Based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) values, patients were divided into two groups: study group (45/104, PTH >792pg/mL) and control group (59/104, PTH 176-792 pg/ mL). The analysis aimed to resolve whether there was a connection between the duration of dialysis, the type of therapy treatment administered, the underlying kidney disease, and the presence of comorbidities with the values of PTH, and a wide spectrum of monitored laboratory parameters. Results The most common causes of chronic renal failure were undefined kidney diseases (32.7%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (18.3%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (16.3%). In the examined biochemical parameters, a significant difference was found in mean values of alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001). The correlation was proved between the duration of dialysis (p=0.028), the values of phosphorus (p=0.031), and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) with absolute values of PTH. The most common present comorbidity was hypertension (78.8%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (40.4%) and diabetes (22.1%). Conclusion A number of factors contribute to the development and severity of SHPT. Modulation of therapy and better control of risk parameters can prolong and reduce the frequency of SHPT in dialysis patients, as well as the occurrence of comorbidities.
PubMed: 37300466
DOI: 10.17392/1573-23 -
Medicine Aug 2023Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in bone metabolism. However, the association between serum ALP and bone mineral density (BMD) remains...
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in bone metabolism. However, the association between serum ALP and bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between serum ALP levels and pelvic BMD in young adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2011 to 2016. Serum ALP levels and pelvic BMD were analyzed as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Weighted multivariate linear regression models and stratified analysis by age, sex, and race/ethnicity were applied after controlling for confounding factors to assess the relationship between serum ALP and pelvic BMD. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationship between the 2 variables. A total of 7796 participants (4063 males and 3733 females) aged 20 to 59 years were included in this study. When serum ALP was represented as a continuous variable and fully adjusted in the regression model, ALP was significantly negatively correlated with pelvic BMD (β = -0.0008, 95% confidence interval: -0.0010 to -0.0006, P < .000001); this significant negative correlation persisted when ALP was transformed into a categorical variable, and was consistent in subgroup analyses. Additionally, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis showed a persistent negative correlation between serum ALP and pelvic BMD, with a saturation effect at 97 U/L. Our results revealed a negative correlation between serum ALP levels and pelvic BMD in young adults. Monitoring serum ALP levels could help in the early detection of risks for bone metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis.
Topics: Male; Female; Young Adult; Humans; Bone Density; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutrition Surveys; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 37565863
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034755 -
The American Journal of Medicine May 2024Cirrhosis is a prevalent, chronic condition with an asymptomatic compensated phase, in which patients may feel well, and a decompensated phase that begins with onset of... (Review)
Review
Cirrhosis is a prevalent, chronic condition with an asymptomatic compensated phase, in which patients may feel well, and a decompensated phase that begins with onset of complications (eg, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and/or variceal bleeding). Because patients with cirrhosis may appear healthy with normal liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin levels, awareness of clinical signals is important. For example, patients with thrombocytopenia should be evaluated for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Early recognition and management of cirrhosis-related complications (eg, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and/or variceal bleeding) is important, given their association with hospitalization and poor prognosis (eg, increased odds of short-term mortality). Hepatic encephalopathy can be the most subtle cirrhosis-related complication, and associated cognitive impairment may be misdiagnosed. Because hepatic encephalopathy can be associated with hospital readmissions, reducing readmission rates after hepatic encephalopathy-related hospitalizations is critical. This includes incorporating ongoing therapy (eg, rifaximin plus lactulose) in postdischarge management plans to reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy recurrence. Strategies that mitigate cirrhosis progression and prevent development of cirrhosis-related complications are key to improving patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38788826
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.05.015 -
Medicine Mar 2024The role of serum albumin (ALB) has been extensively studied in patients with cancer; however, research on its effect on bone metastasis in these patients remains...
The role of serum albumin (ALB) has been extensively studied in patients with cancer; however, research on its effect on bone metastasis in these patients remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ALB and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with tumors. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018, we assessed the correlation between serum ALB and ALP levels using a weighted multivariate linear regression model, whereas a weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting were used to address potential nonlinearities. A total of 1876 patients with cancer were included in our study. In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and liver disease, the negative correlation of ALB with ALP remained for most groups, except in blacks (β = -1.755, 95%CI: [-3.848, 0.338], P = .103) and patients with gout (β = -0.676, 95%CI: [-2.061, 0.709], P = .340). In black people and patients with gout, the relationship between ALB and ALP showed an inverted U-shaped curve, with an inflection point at approximately 42 g/dL. Our study showed an inverse correlation between ALB and ALP levels in most patients with tumors, but not in black patients and those with gout. The measurement of ALB levels can serve as a screening tool for bone metastases while guiding therapeutic intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Serum Albumin; Alkaline Phosphatase; Nutrition Surveys; Bone Neoplasms; Gout
PubMed: 38552093
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037526 -
BMC Pediatrics Aug 2023Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare benign tumors of the liver that occur predominantly in women taking oral contraceptives. In children, HCAs comprise < 5% of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare benign tumors of the liver that occur predominantly in women taking oral contraceptives. In children, HCAs comprise < 5% of hepatic tumors. We report a case of HCAs in a 7-year-old girl with estrogen and glucose imbalance.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 7-year-old girl was presented to our hospital with bilateral breast enlargement for 2 months, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperglycemia, and significant weight gain. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 7.2 cm×6.9 cm×5.3 cm round-shaped mass in the left inner lobe of the liver, ovarian ultrasound showed multiple follicles in the ovaries bilaterally, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enlarged superior pituitary. Hematological and biochemical results were as follows: fasting glucose was 19.7 mmol/L, estradiol was 122.9 pmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone 10.81 IU/L, luteinizing hormone 10.99 IU/L, insulin-like growth factor 1,513 ng/mL, glutamine aminotransferase 86 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase 362 U/L. Thyroid functions, methemoglobin, fetal protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and chorionic gonadotropin were normal. The patient had a complete surgical resection of the liver tumor, and the postoperative histopathological diagnosis was HCAs. After the surgery, insulin was injected and the glucose levels were stable. During the 36-month follow-up period, neither tumor recurrence nor significant abnormalities were detected using color Doppler ultrasound of the liver. The child's precocious puberty is currently under control.
CONCLUSIONS
HCAs are particularly rare in children with liver tumors, and risk factors for the development of HCAs in children include sex hormone imbalance, obesity, Fanconi anemia (FA), glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) type I, III, and IV, galactosemia, immunodeficiency, congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), cardiac hepatopathy status-post Fontan procedure, Hurler syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, germline HNF1A mutations, and maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3. Most HCAs are detected during a physical examination without clinical symptoms, and some patients may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and abdominal masse. Serum liver function tests can show increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ- glutamyl transferase (GT), whereas α-Fetoprofein (AFP) levels are normal. The definitive diagnosis relies mainly on histopathological examination. Because HCAs can rupture and bleed and become malignant. Early surgical treatment is recommended after detection.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Adenoma, Liver Cell; Alkaline Phosphatase; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 37620840
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04209-5 -
Effect of cooking temperature on alkaline phosphatase in the production of raw-milk Pecorino cheese.Journal of Dairy Science Nov 2023Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a native raw-milk enzyme used in many countries as the standard assay for rapidly validating the milk pasteurization process. Due to the...
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a native raw-milk enzyme used in many countries as the standard assay for rapidly validating the milk pasteurization process. Due to the increased restrictions on the production or import of cheeses produced from unpasteurized milk, ALP activity (<10 mU/g) in cheese was measured as a simple and reliable method to check proper milk pasteurization in cheese for both safety inspection and trading controls. In Sicily, the artisanal cheesemaking of the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) semi-hard cheeses made with raw sheep milk, includes the cooking of the curd, after whey separation, in a wooden vat under hot Scotta whey (≥80°C), for 3 to 4 h, and finally is left to cool at ambient temperature. Thus, the temperatures adopted during cheesemaking may inactivate the ALP enzyme. To this purpose, the aim of this study was to demonstrate how different temperatures of Scotta whey (35°C [T35], 60°C [T60], 70°C [T70], 80°C [T80], 90°C [T90], and 100°C [T100]) used during the second cooking of Pecorino cheeses after molding for 3 h, influence the ALP activity in fresh and 3-mo aged cheese, both at core and outside. The results highlight that the rate of reduction of ALP was greater with increasing temperature of the second cooking, in particular for T 80°C curd, indicating that the use of Scotta whey >80°C could be a breakpoint able to reduce the ALP activity to values <10 mU/g. Different effects between the core and the outside portions of the experimental cheeses were found, with a decrease in ALP activity more on the outside than in the core portions, in both fresh and 3-mo aged cheeses, for T80, T90, and T100 treatments. Care must be taken in using ALP to control the use of pasteurized milk in the production of PDO cheeses without considering the cheesemaking processes, such as the second cooking, which could be equal to pasteurization, and an adequate interaction of time and temperature can reduce the ALP activity to values comparable with cheeses produced with pasteurized milk.
PubMed: 37641260
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23228 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023In musculoskeletal surgery, the treatment of large bone defects is challenging and can require the use of bone graft substitutes to restore mechanical stability and...
In musculoskeletal surgery, the treatment of large bone defects is challenging and can require the use of bone graft substitutes to restore mechanical stability and promote host-mediated regeneration. The use of bone allografts is well-established in many bone regenerative procedures, but is associated with low rates of ingrowth due to pre-therapeutic graft processing. Cold physical plasma (CPP), a partially ionized gas that simultaneously generates reactive oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) species, is suggested to be advantageous in biomedical implant processing. CPP is a promising tool in allograft processing for improving surface characteristics of bone allografts towards enhanced cellularization and osteoconduction. However, a preclinical assessment regarding the feasibility of pre-therapeutic processing of allogeneic bone grafts with CPP has not yet been performed. Thus, this pilot study aimed to analyze the bone morphology of CPP processed allografts using synchrotron radiation-based microcomputed tomography (SR-µCT) and to analyze the effects of CPP processing on human bone cell viability and function. The analyzes, including co-registration of pre- and post-treatment SR-µCT scans, revealed that the main bone morphological properties (total volume, mineralized volume, surface area, and porosity) remained unaffected by CPP treatment if compared to allografts not treated with CPP. Varying effects on cellular metabolic activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were found in response to different gas mixtures and treatment durations employed for CPP application. It was found that 3 min CPP treatment using a He + 0.1% N gas mixture led to the most favourable outcome regarding a significant increase in bone cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity. This study highlights the promising potential of pre-therapeuthic bone allograft processing by CPP prior to intraoperative application and emphasizes the need for gas source and treatment time optimization for specific applications.
PubMed: 38026873
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264409 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a phosphomonoester hydrolase and serves as a biomarker in various diseases. However, current detection methods for ALP rely on bulky...
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a phosphomonoester hydrolase and serves as a biomarker in various diseases. However, current detection methods for ALP rely on bulky instruments, extended time, and complex operations, which are particularly challenging in resource-limited regions. Herein, we synthesized a MOF-derived Fe-N-C nanozyme to create biosensors for the coulometric and visual detection of ALP. Specifically, we found the Fe-N-C nanozyme can efficiently oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue-colored tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) without the need for HO. To construct the biosensor, we incorporated the ALP enzymatic catalytic reaction to inhibit the oxidation of TMB by Fe-N-C oxidase nanozyme. This biosensor showed rapid and highly sensitive detection of ALP in both buffer and clinical samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of our approach could be achieved at 3.38 U L, and the linear range was from 5 to 60 U L. Moreover, we also developed a visual detection for ALP by using a smartphone-based assay and facilitated practical and accessible point-and-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited areas. The visual detection method also achieved a similar LOD of 2.12 U L and a linear range of 5-60 U L. Our approach presents potential applications for other biomarker detections by using ALP-based ELISA methods.
PubMed: 37764526
DOI: 10.3390/nano13182496 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Bone remodeling is an extraordinarily complex process involving a variety of factors, such as genetic, metabolic, and environmental components. Although genetic factors...
Bone remodeling is an extraordinarily complex process involving a variety of factors, such as genetic, metabolic, and environmental components. Although genetic factors play a particularly important role, many have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the role of transmembrane 161a (Tmem161a) in bone structure and function using wild-type (WT) and Tmem161a-depleted (Tmem161a) mice. Mice femurs were examined by histological, morphological, and bone strength analyses. Osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition were examined in Tmem161a-overexpressed, -knockdown and -knockout MC3T3-e1 cells. In WT mice, Tmem161a was expressed in osteoblasts of femurs; however, it was depleted in Tmem161a mice. Cortical bone mineral density, thickness, and bone strength were significantly increased in Tmem161a mice femurs. In MC3T3-e1 cells, decreased expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Osterix were found in Tmem161a overexpression, and these findings were reversed in Tmem161a-knockdown or -knockout cells. Microarray and western blot analyses revealed upregulation of the P38 MAPK pathway in Tmem161a-knockout cells, which referred as stress-activated protein kinases. ALP and flow cytometry analyses revealed that Tmem161a-knockout cells were resistant to oxidative stress. In summary, Tmem161a is an important regulator of P38 MAPK signaling, and depletion of Tmem161a induces thicker and stronger bones in mice.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Osteogenesis; Bone Density; Osteoblasts; Oxidative Stress; Alkaline Phosphatase; Coloring Agents; Craniocerebral Trauma
PubMed: 37670024
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41837-4