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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Nov 2023Human epigenetic variation is associated with both environmental exposures and allergic diseases and can potentially serve as a biomarker connecting climate change with... (Review)
Review
Human epigenetic variation is associated with both environmental exposures and allergic diseases and can potentially serve as a biomarker connecting climate change with allergy and airway diseases. In this narrative review, we summarize recent human epigenetic studies examining exposure to temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events, and malnutrition to discuss findings as they relate to allergic and airway diseases. Temperature has been the most widely studied exposure, with the studies implicating both short-term and long-term exposures with epigenetic alterations and epigenetic aging. Few studies have examined natural disasters or extreme weather events. The studies available have reported differential DNA methylation of multiple genes and pathways, some of which were previously associated with asthma or allergy. Few studies have integrated climate-related events, epigenetic biomarkers, and allergic disease together. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed along with the collection of target tissues beyond blood samples, such as nasal and skin cells. Finally, global collaboration to increase diverse representation of study participants, particularly those most affected by climate injustice, as well as strengthen replication, validation, and harmonization of measurements will be needed to elucidate the impacts of climate change on the human epigenome.
Topics: Humans; Climate Change; Prospective Studies; Hypersensitivity; Biomarkers; DNA Methylation; Respiration Disorders; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 37741554
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.011 -
Nutrients Jul 2023allergy is an emerging pathological condition in both general and pediatric populations with a wide range of symptoms linked to variable molecular patterns, justifying... (Review)
Review
allergy is an emerging pathological condition in both general and pediatric populations with a wide range of symptoms linked to variable molecular patterns, justifying systemic and cross-reactions with other allergens (i.e., latex, pollen, and fruit). Skin prick test (SPT), specific serum IgE (Act d 1, Act d 2, Act d 5, Act d 8, and Act d 10) directed against five out of thirteen molecular allergens described in the literature, and oral test challenge with are available for defining diagnosis. The management is similar to that of other food allergies, mostly based on an elimination diet. Although kiwi allergy has been on the rise in recent years, few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics and methods of investigating this form of allergy. Data collected so far show severe allergic reaction to be more frequent in children compared to adults. Therefore, the aim of this review is to collect the reported clinical features and the available association with specific molecular patterns of recognition to better understand how to manage these patients and improve daily clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Immunoglobulin E; Food Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Fruit; Pollen; Actinidia
PubMed: 37447357
DOI: 10.3390/nu15133030 -
La Tunisie Medicale Dec 2023The detection of a high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is first suggestive of allergy, atopy or parasitosis. However, some very high values can be a sign of more...
The detection of a high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is first suggestive of allergy, atopy or parasitosis. However, some very high values can be a sign of more severe diseases. We propose a diagnostic strategy based on clinical and biological data to identify the various hereditary immune diseases that also present with abnormally high serum IgE levels.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Hypersensitivity; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
PubMed: 38477192
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Allopurinol; Disease Progression; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome
PubMed: 37460122
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.221575-f -
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical... Dec 2023Allergy and atopic features are now well recognized manifestations of many inborn errors of immunity (IEI), and indeed may be the hallmark in some, such as DOCK8... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Allergy and atopic features are now well recognized manifestations of many inborn errors of immunity (IEI), and indeed may be the hallmark in some, such as DOCK8 deficiency. In this review, we describe the current IEI associated with atopy, using a comprehensive literature search and updates from the IUIS highlighting clinical clues for underlying IEI such as very early onset of atopic disease or treatment resistance to enable early and accurate genetic diagnosis.
RECENT FINDINGS
We focus on recently described genes, their categories of pathogenic mechanisms and the expanding range of potential therapies.
SUMMARY
We highlight in this review that patients with very early onset or treatment resistant atopic disorders should be investigated for an IEI, as targeted and effective therapies exist. Early and accurate genetic diagnosis is crucial in this cohort to reduce the burden of disease and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Hypersensitivity; Job Syndrome; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
PubMed: 37755421
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000943 -
Communications Biology Apr 2024Visceral hypersensitivity, a common clinical manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome, may contribute to the development of chronic visceral pain, which is a major... (Review)
Review
Visceral hypersensitivity, a common clinical manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome, may contribute to the development of chronic visceral pain, which is a major challenge for both patients and health providers. Neural circuits in the brain encode, store, and transfer pain information across brain regions. In this review, we focus on the anterior cingulate cortex and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to highlight the progress in identifying the neural circuits involved in visceral pain. We also discuss several neural circuit mechanisms and emphasize the importance of cross-species, multiangle approaches and the identification of specific neurons in determining the neural circuits that control visceral pain.
Topics: Humans; Visceral Pain; Brain; Hypersensitivity; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Neurons
PubMed: 38615103
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06148-y -
Nutrients Jul 2023Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen... (Review)
Review
Shellfish is a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide. Recent advances in molecular characterization have led to a better understanding of the allergen profile. High sequence homology between shellfish species and between shellfish and house dust mites leads to a high serological cross-reactivity, which does not accurately correlate with clinical cross-reactions. Clinical manifestations are immediate and the predominance of perioral symptoms is a typical feature of shellfish allergy. Diagnosis, as for other food allergies, is based on SPTs and specific IgE, while the gold standard is DBPCFC. Cross-reactivity between shellfish is common and therefore, it is mandatory to avoid all shellfish. New immunotherapeutic strategies based on hypoallergens and other innovative approaches represent the new frontiers for desensitization.
Topics: Humans; Child; Shellfish Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Shellfish; Food Hypersensitivity; Seafood; Allergens
PubMed: 37513530
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143112 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023The atopic march encompasses a sequence of allergic conditions, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, that frequently develop in a... (Review)
Review
The atopic march encompasses a sequence of allergic conditions, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, that frequently develop in a sequential pattern within the same individual. It was introduced as a conceptual framework aimed at elucidating the developmental trajectory of allergic conditions during childhood. Following the introduction of this concept, it was initially believed that the atopic march represented the sole and definitive trajectory of the development of allergic diseases. However, this perspective evolved with the emergence of new longitudinal studies, which revealed that the evolution of allergic diseases is far more intricate. It involves numerous immunological pathological mechanisms and may not align entirely with the traditional concept of the atopic march. The objective of our review is to portray the atopic march alongside other patterns in the development of childhood allergic diseases, with a specific emphasis on the potential for a personalized approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic conditions.
Topics: Humans; Multimorbidity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38256282
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010021 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2024Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is characterized by the narrowing of airways during or after physical activity, leading to symptoms such as wheezing,... (Review)
Review
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is characterized by the narrowing of airways during or after physical activity, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Distinguishing between EIB and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is essential, given their divergent therapeutic and prognostic considerations. EIB has been increasingly recognized as a significant concern in pediatric athletes. Moreover, studies indicate a noteworthy prevalence of EIB in children with atopic predispositions, unveiling a potential link between allergic sensitivities and exercise-induced respiratory symptoms, underpinned by an inflammatory reaction caused by mechanical, environmental, and genetic factors. Holistic management of EIB in children necessitates a correct diagnosis and a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. This review delves into the latest evidence concerning EIB in the pediatric population, exploring its associations with atopy and sports, and emphasizing the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches by highlighting various clinical scenarios.
Topics: Humans; Child; Bronchoconstriction; Hypersensitivity; Sports; Asthma, Exercise-Induced; Exercise; Hypersensitivity, Immediate
PubMed: 38475842
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01594-0 -
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2024Healthcare disparities impact prevalence, diagnosis, and management of allergic disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Healthcare disparities impact prevalence, diagnosis, and management of allergic disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence of healthcare disparities in allergic conditions to provide healthcare providers with better understanding of the factors contributing to disparities and to provide potential management approaches to address them. This review comes at a time in medicine where it is well documented that disparities exist, but we seek to answer the Why , How and What to do next?
RECENT FINDINGS
The literature highlights the socioeconomic factors at play including race/ ethnicity, neighborhood, insurance status and income. Management strategies have been implemented with the hopes of mitigating the disparate health outcomes including utilization of school-based health, distribution of educational tools and more inclusive research recruitment.
SUMMARY
The studies included describe the associations between upstream structural and social factors with downstream outcomes and provide ideas that can be recreated at other institutions of how to address them. Focus on research and strategies to mitigate healthcare disparities and improve diverse research participant pools are necessary to improve patient outcomes in the future.
Topics: Humans; Ethnicity; Socioeconomic Factors; Healthcare Disparities; Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 38295102
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000972