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Frontiers in Nutrition 2023also known as water spinach, is an aquatic non-conventional leafy vegetable and is considered a healthy and seasonal delicacy in ethnic food culture. The study revealed...
also known as water spinach, is an aquatic non-conventional leafy vegetable and is considered a healthy and seasonal delicacy in ethnic food culture. The study revealed the presence of rich chemical and biochemical composition in and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the plant extracts demonstrated significant DNA damage prevention activity against UV/HO-induced oxidative damage. High-resolution mass spectrometric analysis by UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS resulted in the identification of over 65 different compounds and 36 important secondary metabolites. Most of the compounds identified represented polyphenolic compounds, polyphenol glycosides and phenolic acids, followed by alkaloids and terpenoids. A UPLC-DAD method was developed and quantified for 10 different polyphenolic compounds. Out of all the metabolites examined, a significant number of compounds were reported to have various bioactive properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hepatoprotection, and anti-depressant effects. The plant extracts were found to contain various compounds, including euphornin, lucidenic acid, and myricitin glycosides, which possess significant medicinal value. Metabolite analysis utilizing GC-MS revealed the presence of various fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and organic acids. The analysis revealed the presence of essential unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid as well as beneficial substances such as squalene., The evaluation of glycemic control activity was carried out by comprehending the inhibitory potential of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, outlining the kinetics of the inhibition process. The inhibitory activities were compared to those of acarbose and revealed stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase as compared to α-amylase. Furthermore, the mechanism of inhibition was determined using analysis, which involved molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of the identified IA phytochemicals complexed with the hydrolase enzymes. The study generates convincing evidence that dietary intake of provides a positive influence on glycemic control along with various health-protective and health-promoting benefits.
PubMed: 38192648
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1304903 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024To explore the influence of serum metabolites on the risk of psoriasis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To explore the influence of serum metabolites on the risk of psoriasis.
METHODS
In the initial stage, we applied Mendelian randomization to evaluate the association between 1,400 serum metabolites and the risk of psoriasis. Causal effects were primarily assessed through the Inverse-Variance Weighted method and Wald Ratio's odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. False Discovery Rate was used for multiple comparison corrections. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q Test, MR-PRESSO. MR-Steiger Test was employed to check for reverse causality. In the validation stage, we sought other sources of psoriasis GWAS data to verify the initial results and used meta-analysis to combine the effect sizes to obtain robust causal relationships. In addition, we also conducted metabolic pathway enrichment analysis on known metabolites that have a causal relationship with the risk of psoriasis in both stages.
RESULTS
In the initial stage, we identified 112 metabolites causally associated with psoriasis, including 32 metabolite ratios and 80 metabolites (69 known and 11 unknown). In the validation stage, 24 metabolites (16 known, 1 unknown, and 7 metabolite ratios) were confirmed to have a causal relationship with psoriasis onset. Meta-analysis results showed that the overall effect of combined metabolites was consistent with the main analysis in direction and robust in the causal relationship with psoriasis onset. Of the 16 known metabolites, most were attributed to lipid metabolism, with 5 as risk factors and 8 as protective factors for psoriasis. Peptidic metabolite Gamma-glutamylvaline levels had a negative causal relationship with psoriasis, while exogenous metabolite Catechol sulfate levels and amino acid 3-methylglutaconate levels had a positive causal relationship with the disease onset. The metabolites associated with psoriasis risk in the two stages are mainly enriched in the following metabolic pathways: Glutathione metabolism, Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
CONCLUSION
Circulating metabolites may have a potential causal relationship with psoriasis risk, and targeting specific metabolites may benefit psoriasis diagnosis, disease assessment, and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Causality; Risk Factors; Protective Factors; Psoriasis
PubMed: 38529280
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343301 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023The n6/n3 ratios improved meat quality of terrestrial animals, but alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid (ALA/LNA) ratios were rarely studied in aquatic animals. In this...
The n6/n3 ratios improved meat quality of terrestrial animals, but alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid (ALA/LNA) ratios were rarely studied in aquatic animals. In this study, sub-adult grass carp were fed diets fed diets containing six varying ALA/LNA ratios (0.03, 0.47, 0.92, 1.33, 1.69, and 2.15) for 9 weeks and the total value of n3 + n6 (1.98) was kept constant for all six treatments. The results indicated optimal ALA/LNA ratio improved growth performance, changed fatty acid composition in grass carp muscle, and promoted glucose metabolism. Additionally, optimal ALA/LNA ratio improved chemical attributes by increasing crude protein and lipid contents, and technological attributes by increasing pH value and shear force in grass carp muscle. The signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism (LXRα/SREBP-1, PPARα, PPARγ, AMPK) might be responsible for these changes. Dietary optimal ALA/LNA ratio based on PWG, UFA and glucose contents was 1.03, 0.88 and 0.92, respectively.
PubMed: 37384144
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100752 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023This study aimed to investigate the plasma metabolic profile of patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Plasma samples were collected from 32 AVM...
This study aimed to investigate the plasma metabolic profile of patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Plasma samples were collected from 32 AVM patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles of both groups. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and MetaboAnalyst. Additionally, machine learning algorithms such as Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) were conducted to screen characteristic metabolites. The effectiveness of the serum biomarkers for AVM was evaluated using a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve. In total, 184 differential metabolites were screened in this study, with 110 metabolites in positive ion mode and 74 metabolites in negative mode. Lipids and lipid-like molecules were the predominant metabolites detected in both positive and negative ion modes. Several significant metabolic pathways were enriched in AVMs, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein translation. Through machine learning algorithms, nine metabolites were identify as characteristic metabolites, including hydroxy-proline, L-2-Amino-4-methylenepentanedioic acid, piperettine, 20-hydroxy-PGF2a, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)-1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione, DL-tryptophan, 9-oxoODE, alpha-Linolenic acid, and dihydrojasmonic acid. Patients with extracranial AVMs exhibited significantly altered metabolic patterns compared to healthy controls, which could be identified using plasma metabolomics. These findings suggest that metabolomic profiling can aid in the understanding of AVM pathophysiology and potentially inform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 37727659
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207390 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2023Resistance to antibiotics is one the main factors constraining the treatment and control of () infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new...
BACKGROUND
Resistance to antibiotics is one the main factors constraining the treatment and control of () infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents to replace antibiotics. Our previous study found that linolenic acid-metronidazole (Lla-Met) has a good antibacterial effect against both antibiotic-resistant and sensitive . Also, does not develop resistance to Lla-Met. Therefore, it could be used for preparing broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. However, since the antibacterial mechanism of Lla-Met is not well understood, we explored this phenomenon in the present study.
AIM
To understand the antimicrobial effect of Lla-Met and how this could be applied in treating corresponding infections.
METHODS
cells were treated with the Lla-Met compound, and the effect of the compound on the cell morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidation of the bacteria cell was assessed. Meanwhile, the differently expressed genes in in response to Lla-Met treatment were identified.
RESULTS
Lla-Met treatment induced several changes in cells, including roughening and swelling. experiments revealed that Lla-Met induced oxidation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine ectropionation in cells. Inhibiting Lla-Met with L-cysteine abrogated the above phenomena. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Lla-Met treatment up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase and genes, both anti-oxidation-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Lla-Met kills mainly by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, phosphatidylserine ectropionation, and changes on cell morphology.
Topics: Humans; Metronidazole; Helicobacter pylori; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Phosphatidylserines; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37701137
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i32.4860 -
Poultry Science Nov 2023Chemical composition, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acid (FAs) profiles, and health and nutrition values of breast muscle of ROSS 308 broiler chickens were studied after...
Chemical composition, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acid (FAs) profiles, and health and nutrition values of breast muscle of ROSS 308 broiler chickens were studied after being slaughtered at 28, 35, 42, and 49 d of age (n = 126 males and 126 females/slaughter age). The slaughter age significantly affected some AAs levels including glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and leucine, and some FAs level including capric acid, tetradecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, total saturated fatty acids, 9-pentadecenoic acid, hexadecatetraenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, adrenic acid, omega 6, sum polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ʃ PUFAs), and unsaturation index. Subsequently, the slaughter age significantly affected some health indexes including the n-6/n-3 ratio, thrombogenic index, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, and health-promoting index. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, and glutamic acid levels increased with increasing slaughter age until 35 d of age and then decreased with increasing slaughter age until 49 d of age. Moreover, the health indices of fatty acids were best at slaughter age of 35 d, followed by 49 d, and the lowest health-promoting indices were at 42 d, followed by 28 d. The sex did not affect (P ˃ 0.05) all the evaluating parameters including chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and related health indices. There was no significant interaction effect between sex and slaughter age in all evaluating parameters except in stearidonic acid level. In conclusion, amino acids and fatty acids profiles and health and nutritional values of male and female ROSS 308 broiler chicken breast muscle can be affected by slaughter age. The study provides valuable insights into the nutritional value of meat, including its composition, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles, and associated health indices, for both male and female fast-growing ROSS 308 broiler chickens, as the slaughter age increases.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Chickens; Amino Acids; Histidine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Fatty Acids; Muscles; Meat; Nutritive Value; Valine; Glutamates; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37748245
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103085 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Ischemic stroke (IS), caused by blood and oxygen deprivation due to cerebral thrombosis, has links to activated and aggregated platelets. Discovering platelet-related...
Identification and validation of platelet-related diagnostic markers and potential drug screening in ischemic stroke by integrating comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.
BACKGROUND
Ischemic stroke (IS), caused by blood and oxygen deprivation due to cerebral thrombosis, has links to activated and aggregated platelets. Discovering platelet-related biomarkers, developing diagnostic models, and screening antiplatelet drugs are crucial for IS diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Combining and normalizing GSE16561 and GSE22255 datasets identified 1,753 upregulated and 1,187 downregulated genes. Fifty-one genes in the platelet-related module were isolated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and other analyses, including 50 upregulated and one downregulated gene. Subsequent enrichment and network analyses resulted in 25 platelet-associated genes and six diagnostic markers for a risk assessment model. This model's area under the ROC curve outperformed single genes, and in the peripheral blood of the high-risk group, immune infiltration indicated a higher proportion of CD4, resting CD4 memory, and activated CD4 memory T cells, along with a lower proportion of CD8 T cells in comparison to the low-risk group. Utilizing the gene expression matrix and the CMap database, we identified two potential drugs for IS. Finally, a rat MACO/R model was used to validate the diagnostic markers' expression and the drugs' predicted anticoagulant effects.
CONCLUSION
We identified six IS platelet-related biomarkers (APP, THBS1, F13A1, SRC, PPBP, and VCL) for a robust diagnostic model. The drugs alpha-linolenic acid and ciprofibrate have potential antiplatelet effects in IS. This study advances early IS diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ischemic Stroke; Machine Learning; Computational Biology; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38268925
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320475 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2023Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with metabolic abnormalities serving as important contributors for pathogenesis and progression. Polyunsaturated fatty...
Sex differences in the association between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis severity: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with metabolic abnormalities serving as important contributors for pathogenesis and progression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to be associated with human diseases, including psoriasis. However, differences and controversies exist regarding their content and roles.
METHODS
Plasma PUFAs concentrations were measured in 296 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis from the Shanghai Psoriasis Effectiveness Evaluation CoHort. Disease severity was assessed using Clinician-Reported Outcomes (ClinROs), including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA), as well as Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs), including Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Multivariate generalized linear regression models (GLMs), subgroup and interaction analysis, and restricted cubic spline were used to estimate the cross-sectional associations between PUFAs concentrations and disease severity. Longitudinal assessments of PASI scores and PASI response were conducted at a 12-week follow-up. Associations between baseline plasma PUFAs levels and prospective PASI scores or PASI response were assessed using multivariate GLMs or logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Males suffered severer psoriasis and presented lower plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels compared to females. Among males, plasma eicosadienoic acid (EDA) level was positively associated with PASI, BSA and PGA scores, while total Omega-3 PUFAs and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels exhibited non-linear associations with PASI and/or BSA scores. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) was negatively, whereas ARA was positively, associated with DLQI scores. In females, Omega-3 PUFAs, including EPA, DHA, and total Omega-3 PUFAs, showed inverse associations with PASI and BSA scores. Longitudinally, plasma total Omega-6 PUFAs were positively associated with the likelihood of achieving PASI 100 at 12 weeks in males. In females, concentrations of dohomo-γ-linolenic acid were prospectively associated with an increase in PASI scores, and DHA was associated with the likelihood of achieving PASI 75 and PASI 90 decline.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex differences cross-sectionally exist in disease severity and plasma PUFAs levels. The association between PUFAs and psoriasis severity also varies cross-sectionally and longitudinally between males and females. Sex differences should be considered when studying the function and clinical application of PUFAs in psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Sex Characteristics; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; China; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Psoriasis; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Arachidonic Acid; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 37986112
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04726-y -
Nutrients Oct 2023This study aimed to investigate the impact of influencing factors (sex, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) status at baseline, linoleic acid (LA) intake, milk fat intake) on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to investigate the impact of influencing factors (sex, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) status at baseline, linoleic acid (LA) intake, milk fat intake) on the conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) obtained from linseed oil into its long-chain metabolites. In addition, the effect of ALA on cardiovascular risk markers was investigated. This study used a parallel design approach by randomly assigning the 134 subjects to one of four diets (high in LA (HLA); low in LA (LLA); high in milk fat (MF); control (Western diet)) each enriched with linseed oil (10 en%, 22-27 mL ≙ 13-16 g ALA). Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of dietary intervention. The study was fully completed by 105 subjects (57.4 ± 12.1 years; 65.7% female). Results showed that ALA (296-465%), C-20:4n3 (54-140%), and EPA (37-73%) concentrations in erythrocytes increased in all groups ( < 0.01). In contrast, docosahexaenoic acid (19-35%, < 0.01) and -3 index (10-21%, < 0.05) dropped in the HLA, LLA, and control groups. An increase in C-22:5n3 was only observed in the MF (36%) and control groups (11%) ( < 0.05). In addition, an increase in LA (7-27%) was found in the HLA, LLA, and control groups, whereas C-20:3n6 (16-22%), arachidonic acid (10-16%), C-22:4n6 (12-30%), and C-22:5n6 (32-47%) decreased ( < 0.01). The conversion into EPA was higher in men than in women (69 vs. 39%, = 0.043) and in subjects with low EPA status compared to participants with high EPA status (79 vs. 29%, < 0.001). A high LA status attenuates the conversion rate. In line with the literature, no clear effects on blood lipids and parameters of glucose metabolism were found in relation to ALA supplementation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Linseed Oil; Phascolarctidae
PubMed: 37892536
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204461 -
Environmental Research Aug 2023Wildlife is exposed to mixtures of environmental contaminants that affect health and population dynamics. Exposure to toxic heavy metals originating from anthropogenic...
Wildlife is exposed to mixtures of environmental contaminants that affect health and population dynamics. Exposure to toxic heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources may exert metabolic effects at even low exposure concentrations. Here we investigated the relationships between heavy metal exposure and metabolic changes in the migratory bird pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). We used blood pellet and blood plasma samples from 27 free-ranging pink-footed geese to study heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) exposure in relation to the metabolome. The results relate blood concentrations of Cd (range: 0.218-1.09 ng/g), Cr (range: 0.299-5.60 ng/g), and Hg (range: 2.63-6.00 ng/g) to signal areas of fatty acids and other lipids, while no correlations were identified for Pb level (range: 21.0-64.2 ng/g) exposure. Lipid signal areas were negatively associated with concentrations of Cr and positively associated with Hg exposure (both p < 0.05). α-Linolenic acid and 9-oxononanoic acid were negatively correlated to Cr exposure (both p < 0.05) and were related in the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Compared to known thresholds for aviary species, the heavy metal concentrations are below levels of toxicity, which may explain the low number of metabolites that significantly change. Nevertheless, the heavy metal exposure is still correlated to changes in the lipid metabolism that may reduce migrating birds' breeding success and increase mortality for an exposed part of the population.
Topics: Animals; Geese; Cadmium; Lipid Metabolism; Lead; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Metals, Heavy; Mercury; Metabolome
PubMed: 37156351
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116043