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The Saudi Dental Journal Sep 2023Invasive surgical procedures in the oral cavity inevitably cause trauma to the soft and hard tissues. The healing process in the oral cavity tissue occurs in a complex...
INTRODUCTION
Invasive surgical procedures in the oral cavity inevitably cause trauma to the soft and hard tissues. The healing process in the oral cavity tissue occurs in a complex manner involving different types of cells, maturation process, and the time of healing. (miswak) has been found to exert various positive effects on the oral cavity, including antimicrobial, anti-gingivitis, anti-cariogenic, gingival healing, and teeth whitening properties. This study aims to investigate the potential of miswak as an adjunctive therapy in promoting wound healing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
30 live Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats' mandibular first molar tooth was extracted, and an incision wound was made on the tongue. The extraction socket and incision wound were irrigated using normal saline and different concentrations of locally processed miswak plant extracts (0.05%, 10%, and 20%) for 7 days. The rats were sacrificed for gross examination of the tooth socket and tongue healing. Both soft tissue and alveolar bone were examined microscopically.
RESULTS
Complete closure of the incision wound was observed on all rats' tongues; miswak groups showed better wound healing than control and placebo groups in the oral mucosa overlying the alveolar bones. 0.05% and 20% miswak extracts showed prominent wound healing effects in the sagittal sections of the tongue, with moderate formation of connective tissue under the wound site and notable wound contraction. The 20% miswak extract group showed the highest percentage of healed oral mucosa on the alveolar bone and higher bone deposition at the alveolar base.
CONCLUSION
A concentration of 20% miswak extract enhances the initial phase of wound healing both in oral soft and hard tissues. Miswak extract at this concentration was not toxic to the tissues and had potential therapeutic effects in oral tissue healing.
PubMed: 37817781
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.05.019 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024This study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat stress on mammary epithelial cell (MEC) losses into milk, secretory mammary tissue structure, and mammary epithelial cell...
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat stress on mammary epithelial cell (MEC) losses into milk, secretory mammary tissue structure, and mammary epithelial cell activity. Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows (632 ± 12 kg BW) approximately 100 d in milk housed in climate-controlled rooms were paired by body weight and randomly allocated to one of 2 treatments, heat stress (HS) or pair feeding thermoneutral (PFTN) using 2 cohorts. Each cohort was subjected to 2 periods of 4 d each. In period 1, both treatments had ad libitum access to a common total mixed ration and were exposed to a controlled daily temperature-humidity index (THI) of 64. In period 2, HS cows were exposed to controlled cyclical heat stress (THI: 74 to 80), while PFTN cows remained at 64 THI and daily dry matter intake was matched to HS. Cows were milked twice daily, and milk yield was recorded at each milking. Individual milk samples on the last day of each period were used to quantify MEC losses by flow cytometry using butyrophilin as a cell surface marker. On the final day of period 2, individual bovine mammary tissue samples were obtained for histomorphology analysis, assessment of protein abundance, and evaluation of gene expression of targets associated with cellular capacity for milk and milk component synthesis, heat response, cellular proliferation, and autophagy. Statistical analysis was performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Milk yield was reduced by 4.3 kg by HS (n = 7) compared with PFTN (n = 8). Independent of treatment, MEC in milk averaged 174 cells/mL (2.9% of total cells). There was no difference between HS vs. PFTN cows for MEC shed or concentration in milk. Alveolar area was reduced 25% by HS, and HS had 4.1 more alveoli than PFTN. Total number of nucleated MEC per area were greater in HS (389 ± 1.05) compared with PFTN (321 ± 1.05); however, cell number per alveolus was similar between groups (25 ± 1.5 vs. 26 ± 1.4). There were no differences in relative fold expression for GLUT1, GLUT8, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA, FASN, HSPA5, and HSPA8 in HS compared with PFTN. Immunoblotting analyses showed a decrease abundance for phosphorylated STAT5 and S6K1, and an increase in LC3 II in HS compared with PFTN. These results suggest that even if milk yield differences and histological changes occur in the bovine mammary gland after 4 d of heat exposure, MEC loss into milk, nucleated MEC number per alveolus, and gene expression of nutrient transport, milk component synthesis, and heat stress related targets are unaffected. In contrast, the abundance of proteins related to protein synthesis and cell survival decreased significantly, while an upregulation of proteins associated with autophagy in HS compared with PFTN.
PubMed: 38825136
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24809 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2023The aim of this scoping review was to determine the effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain associated with alveolar osteitis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this scoping review was to determine the effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain associated with alveolar osteitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Reporting was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify all clinical studies on the application of platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain caused by alveolar osteitis. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and qualitatively described.
RESULTS
The initial search returned 81 articles, with 49 identified after duplicates removal; of these, 8 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Three of the eight studies were randomized controlled clinical trials, and four were non-randomized clinical studies, two of which were controlled. One study was case series. In all of these studies, pain control was evaluated using the visual analog scale. Overall, the use of platelet-rich fibrin resulted effective in the control of pain determined by alveolar osteitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limits of this scoping review, the application of platelet-rich fibrin in the post-extra-extraction alveolus reduced the pain associated with alveolar osteitis in almost all the included studies. Nevertheless, high-quality randomized trials with adequate sample size are warranted to draw firm conclusions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Pain associated with alveolar osteitis causes discomfort to the patient and is challenging to be treated. Use of platelet-rich fibrin could be a promising clinical strategy for pain control in alveolar osteitis if its effectiveness will be confirmed by further high-quality studies.
Topics: Humans; Dry Socket; Molar, Third; Pain; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Tooth Extraction; Wound Healing
PubMed: 37014504
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05012-3 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023In the period of the early implant placement, the socket is mainly occupied by provisional matrix (PM). Keratinized epithelium (KE) is critical for primary wound...
BACKGROUND
In the period of the early implant placement, the socket is mainly occupied by provisional matrix (PM). Keratinized epithelium (KE) is critical for primary wound closure. Although both KE and PM are important, the detailed relationship among migrating KE, PM formation and indication of the early implant placement is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to locate a healing stage of KE with highest osteogenic PM formation after tooth extraction, which could be treated as the optimal time point for early implant placement.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 after incisor extraction. Clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations of the extraction sockets were performed, and statistical analyses were conducted. We then inserted implants into the PM with the greatest bioactivity and observed its osseointegration pattern for 3, 10, 17 and 30 days.
RESULT
When KE fusion was reached, sockets were dominated by PM with the greatest expression of osteocalcin (OC, P < 0.05) and high levels of CD34 and Runx2. OC and Runx2 expression were positively correlated with KE coverage (P < 0.05). When the implant was inserted at 4 days' healing, the PM maintained its osteogenic ability, and osseointegration proceeded perfectly.
CONCLUSION
The migration of KE was correlated with the formation of highly osteogenic and angiogenic PM. And the fusion of KE could be treated as an indication for early implant placement.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Tooth Socket; Esthetics, Dental; Osseointegration; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 38115040
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03755-9 -
Genes Aug 2023The Tibetan chicken has adapted well to high altitudes genetically after its long-term habitation in the plateau. In this study, we analyzed the selection signal of...
BACKGROUND
The Tibetan chicken has adapted well to high altitudes genetically after its long-term habitation in the plateau. In this study, we analyzed the selection signal of Tibetan black chickens (TBCs) and discovered genes associated with the characteristics of germplasm.
METHODS
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genetic structures in the genome of Tibetan black chickens. Further, we performed a comparative population genomics analysis between the genomic data obtained in this present study and the genomic data for five wild red jungle fowls (RJFs) accessed from the NCBI database (GenBank accession number PRJNA241474). Thereafter, the Fst and selections were used to identify genes under positive selection in the Tibetan black chicken genome.
RESULTS
A total of 9,490,690 SNPs were identified in the Tibetan black chickens. In addition, the results from the gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 732 genes of TBCs were enriched in a total of 210 GO terms with specific molecular functions such as regulation of cellular catabolic process, the MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of ion transport, growth, morphogenesis and lung alveolus development which may provide a better mechanism to facilitate oxygen transport and utilization in TBCs. Moreover, the results from the KEGG analysis showed that 732 genes of the TBCs were significantly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, circadian entrainment (, and ), oxytocin signaling pathway and pathways of multiple neurodegeneration diseases. In addition, the CD86 antigen () was identified as a gene associated with the immune response in chickens. It was also revealed that genes such as , , and were discovered under selection in Tibetan black chickens on chromosome 23. These genes may be related to the local adaptive characteristics of Tibetan black chickens, for instance, and may be involved in the high-altitude adaption of oxygen delivery in Tibetan black chickens.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, we found that selection mainly affects the disease resistance and cold acclimatization of Tibetan black chickens. Hence, these results may provide important genetic information for the evolution and breeding of Tibetan black chickens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Tibet; Genomics; Calcium Signaling; Oxygen
PubMed: 37761812
DOI: 10.3390/genes14091672 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2023The aim of this study was to analyze the induction effect of a combination of N. sativa and bovine bone graft on the expression and ratio of receptor activator of...
Expression and ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and osteoprotegerin following application of /bovine bone graft combination in post tooth extraction sockets.
AIMS
The aim of this study was to analyze the induction effect of a combination of N. sativa and bovine bone graft on the expression and ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand expression (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) on alveolar bone socket preservation on days 7 and 14.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The research incorporated a posttest-only control group design. A total of 56 Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: a control group, an N. sativa group, a bovine bone graft group, and a combined N. sativa and bovine bone graft group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The lower incisors of the C. cobaya were extracted with material subsequently being applied to the resulting socket. After the 7 and 14 days, the experimental animals were terminated to enable observation of the socket. Following processing, the tissue was subjected to immunohistochemistry staining consisting of RANKL and OPG antibodies before being observed under a light microscope at × 400.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Statistical analysis was carried out using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests.
RESULTS
A combination of N. sativa and bovine bone graft reduced both RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio while increasing OPG expression in comparison to the other groups. In all the results obtained, the N. sativa and bovine bone graft combination was significant (P < 0.05) when compared to the control group on both the 7 and 14 days.
CONCLUSION
A combination of N. sativa and bovine bone graft reduced both RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio while increasing OPG expression.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Guinea Pigs; Osteoprotegerin; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; NF-kappa B; Nigella sativa; Ligands; Tooth Extraction; RANK Ligand
PubMed: 37929367
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_198_23 -
PeerJ 2023An incomplete, yet remarkably-sized dentated rostrum and associated partial cervical vertebrae of a pterosaur (ML 2554) were recently discovered from the Late Jurassic...
An incomplete, yet remarkably-sized dentated rostrum and associated partial cervical vertebrae of a pterosaur (ML 2554) were recently discovered from the Late Jurassic (Late Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian) Lourinhã Formation of Praia do Caniçal, of central west Portugal. This specimen exhibits features such as a spatulated anterior expansion of the rostrum, robust comb-like dentition, and pronounced rims of the tooth alveoli, indicating gnathosaurine affinities. Based on its further unique tooth and dentary morphology, a new genus and species, gen. et spec. nov., is proposed, making this the first named pterosaur species found within Portugal. The presence of this taxon adds yet another element to the fluvio-deltaic lagoonal environment that has been suggested as representative of the Lourinhã Formation in the Late Jurassic, further contributing to the diversity and distribution of gnathosaurines worldwide.
Topics: Portugal; Cervical Vertebrae; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 37744218
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16048 -
Cureus Jul 2023Objective Dry socket, a common complication following a tooth extraction, is characterized by severe and radiating pain that typically begins one to four days after the...
Objective Dry socket, a common complication following a tooth extraction, is characterized by severe and radiating pain that typically begins one to four days after the extraction. Despite several risk factors, the exact cause and underlying mechanisms of dry sockets remain unclear. This study aims to propose a novel pathogenesis and management approach for dry sockets based on an infectious process. Methods The study was conducted by reviewing medical records, at a private dental clinic, of patients who fit the inclusion criteria; these patients appeared to have come between April 2022 and April 2023. The study included all patients with age ≥17 years diagnosed with dry socket that was resistant to conventional topical treatment, and who received treatment with ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times per day during the study period. Results Out of 15 patients who received treatment with ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times per day during the study period, 11 patients (73.3%) were completely relieved of symptoms within 24 hours, with no need for additional painkillers or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition, two patients (13.3%) had a partial response after 48 hours, where their pain was ameliorated from severe to moderate with the use of conventional painkillers (including paracetamol and NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone (8 mg IM daily) to have total relief. On the other hand, the other two patients (13.3%) had a negative response to the treatment and were out of reach for follow-up. Conclusion These clinical outcomes, coupled with previous laboratory data, could explain all clinical aspects of dry sockets and provide substantial support for the hypothesis that an infectious mechanism plays the principal role in the pathophysiology of dry sockets.
PubMed: 37546073
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41347 -
Yonago Acta Medica Nov 2023Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can be accompanied by other congenital anomalies. We conducted a long-term evaluation of the associations between cleft patterns, sex...
BACKGROUND
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can be accompanied by other congenital anomalies. We conducted a long-term evaluation of the associations between cleft patterns, sex distribution, and accompanying congenital anomalies of patients with CL/P.
METHODS
The medical records of 739 patients with CL/P, seen between January 1967 and December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Among the 739 patients with CL/P, the male-to-female ratio was 1.1. Regarding the cleft pattern, 121 (16.4%), 104 (14.1%), 280 (37.9%), 198 (26.8%), and 36 (4.9%) patients had cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and alveolus (CLA), cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), and submucous cleft palate (SMCP), respectively. Congenital anomalies were identified in 107 (14.5%) cases, of which 53 (49.5%) had congenital heart disease. The frequencies of congenital anomalies patients with in CL/P were 14/225 (6.2%), 36/280 (12.9%), 43/198 (21.7%), and 14/36 (38.9%) for a combination of CL and CLA, CLP, CP, and SMCP, respectively. Accompanying syndromes and chromosomal anomalies were identified in 40 (5.4%) cases, in which Pierre Robin sequence (16 cases of CP and 4 cases of SMCP) was the most frequent.
CONCLUSION
No sex differences were observed in CL/P, and CLP and CP were the most common cleft patterns. Congenital anomalies associated with CL/P were dominated by congenital heart disease and were most frequently identified in CP and SMCP cases. Notably, the Pierre Robin sequence, a complex syndrome characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, respiratory obstruction, and a U- or V-shaped CP, was found in cases of both CP and SMCP, and accounted for the symptoms in most cases.
PubMed: 38028265
DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.11.009 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sep 2023CDC42 is a member of Rho GTPase family, acting as a molecular switch to regulate cytoskeleton organization and junction maturation of epithelium in organ development....
BACKGROUND
CDC42 is a member of Rho GTPase family, acting as a molecular switch to regulate cytoskeleton organization and junction maturation of epithelium in organ development. Tooth root pattern is a highly complicated and dynamic process that dependens on interaction of epithelium and mesenchyme. However, there is a lack of understanding of the role of CDC42 during tooth root elongation.
METHODS
The dynamic expression of CDC42 was traced during tooth development through immunofluorescence staining. Then we constructed a model of lentivirus or inhibitor mediated Cdc42 knockdown in Herwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells and dental papilla cells (DPCs), respectively. Long-term influence of CDC42 abnormality was assessed via renal capsule transplantation and in situ injection of alveolar socket.
RESULTS
CDC42 displayed a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern, with abundant expression in HERS cells and apical DPCs in developing root. Lentivirus-mediated Cdc42 knockdown in HERS cells didn't disrupt cell junctions as well as epithelium-mesenchyme transition. However, inhibition of CDC42 in DPCs undermined cell proliferation, migration and odontogenic differentiation. Wnt/β-catenin signaling as the downstream target of CDC42 modulated DPCs' odontogenic differentiation. The transplantation and in situ injection experiments verified that loss of CDC42 impeded root extension via inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs.
CONCLUSIONS
We innovatively revealed that CDC42 was responsible for guiding root elongation in a mesenchyme-specific manner. Furthermore, CDC42-mediated canonical Wnt signaling regulated odontogenic differentiation of DPCs during root formation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Cell Differentiation; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Tooth Root
PubMed: 37726858
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03486-2