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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2024The human volatilome comprises a vast mixture of volatile emissions produced by the human body and its microbiomes. Following infection, the human volatilome undergoes... (Review)
Review
The human volatilome comprises a vast mixture of volatile emissions produced by the human body and its microbiomes. Following infection, the human volatilome undergoes significant shifts, and presents a unique medium for non-invasive biomarker discovery. In this review, we examine how the onset of infection impacts the production of volatile metabolites that reflects dysbiosis by pathogenic microbes. We describe key analytical workflows applied across both microbial and clinical volatilomics and emphasize the value in linking microbial studies to clinical investigations to robustly elucidate the metabolic species and pathways leading to the observed volatile signatures. We review the current state of the art across microbial and clinical volatilomics, outlining common objectives and successes of microbial-clinical volatilomic workflows. Finally, we propose key challenges, as well as our perspectives on emerging opportunities for developing clinically useful and targeted workflows that could significantly enhance and expedite current practices in infection diagnosis and monitoring.
Topics: Humans; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 37843549
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04986-z -
Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry... Jun 2023This review summarizes the current status of development in photoluminescent probes, multidimensional photoluminescence detection, and multivariate data analysis... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the current status of development in photoluminescent probes, multidimensional photoluminescence detection, and multivariate data analysis methods. It then highlights reports featuring multivariate analysis of multidimensional measurements of photoluminescent probes published between June 2015 and June 2022, emphasizing work in the last 5 years. Important trends include the development of probe arrays, which provide fingerprint responses to the analyte(s) of interest and facilitate the analysis of complex samples; the application of neural networks and deep learning to pattern recognition and feature selection in photoluminescence images; and the application of multiway multivariate analysis to mining matrices, three-way arrays, and higher-order measurements, including hyperspectral intensity and lifetime images. These examples illustrate the increase in information extraction provided by the combination of multidimensional measurements and multivariate analysis.
PubMed: 37127054
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-033010 -
Cureus Oct 2023Bioinformatics is a pretty recent branch of biology that encompasses the use of algebraic, analytic, and computing approaches to the processing and interpretation of... (Review)
Review
Bioinformatics is a pretty recent branch of biology that encompasses the use of algebraic, analytic, and computing approaches to the processing and interpretation of biological information. A wide term, "bioinformatics" refers to the use of digital technology to study biological processes using high-dimensional data collected from many resources. The design and testing of the software tools required to evaluate the information are the core of bioinformatics research, which is conducted in great portions in silico and typically involves the synthesis of new learning from available data. Early diagnosis of cancer results in improved prognosis, but at the same time, it is difficult to conform to diagnosis at a very early stage. The use of DNA microarrays and proteomics studies for large-scale gene expression research has advanced technology, thus elevating the significance of bioinformatics tools. In today's research, wet experimentation and the application of bioinformatics analytics go side by side. Molecular profiling of tumor biopsies is becoming more and more crucial to both cancer research and the treatment of cancer.
PubMed: 38021627
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46931 -
Annual Review of Nutrition Aug 2023Modernization of society from a rural, hunter-gatherer setting into an urban and industrial habitat, with the associated dietary changes, has led to an increased... (Review)
Review
Modernization of society from a rural, hunter-gatherer setting into an urban and industrial habitat, with the associated dietary changes, has led to an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic and additional noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. However, while dietary sciences have been rapidly evolving to meet these challenges, validation and translation of experimental results into clinical practice remain limited for multiple reasons, including inherent ethnic, gender, and cultural interindividual variability, among other methodological, dietary reporting-related, and analytical issues. Recently, large clinical cohorts with artificial intelligence analytics have introduced new precision and personalized nutrition concepts that enable one to successfully bridge these gaps in a real-life setting. In this review, we highlight selected examples of case studies at the intersection between diet-disease research and artificial intelligence. We discuss their potential and challenges and offer an outlook toward the transformation of dietary sciences into individualized clinical translation.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Diet; Nutritional Status; Autoimmune Diseases; Industry
PubMed: 37207358
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-090535 -
EJIFCC Jul 2023The strict monitoring of examinations and evaluation of newer methods or instruments is a daily routine in clinical laboratory. The automated analyzers accumulate an...
The strict monitoring of examinations and evaluation of newer methods or instruments is a daily routine in clinical laboratory. The automated analyzers accumulate an enormous amount of data from patients' examinations and quality control procedures. This laboratory data is meaningless if it does not generate the information that we can extend to the population of our interest. In an analytical work, the most important operation is the comparison of data, to quantify accuracy and precision and to generate meaningful explanation for clinician and patients queries. Most of the information needed in the regular laboratory work can be obtained with the use of simple convenient statistical tools. This article describes the basics of laboratory statistics, the knowledge of which answers about the application of quality control in laboratory, accuracy and diagnostic power of our examinations, variability in reports, comparison of different methods and derivation of a biological reference interval for an analyte.
PubMed: 37455839
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Society For... Jul 2023Mass spectrometry has made profound contributions to the criminal justice system by providing an instrumental method of analysis that delivers exquisite analytical... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry has made profound contributions to the criminal justice system by providing an instrumental method of analysis that delivers exquisite analytical figures of merit for a wide variety of samples and analytes. Applications include the characterization of trace metal impurities in hair and glass to the identification of drugs, explosives, polymers, and ignitable liquids. This review describes major historical developments and, where possible, relates the developed capabilities to casework and legal precedents. This review also provides insight into how historical applications have evolved into, and out of, modern consensus standards. Unlike many pattern-based techniques and physical-matching methods, mass spectrometry has strong scientific foundations and a long history of successful applications that have made it one of the most reliable and respected sources of scientific evidence in criminal and civil cases. That said, in several appellate decisions in which mass spectrometric evidence was challenged but admitted, decisions sometimes still went against the mass spectrometric data anyway, which goes to show that mass spectrometric evidence is always just one piece of the larger legal puzzle.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mass Spectrometry; Forensic Medicine; Cannabis; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 37276607
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00124 -
Cureus Dec 2023Magnesium (Mg) is a predominantly intracellular cation that plays significant roles in various enzymatic, membrane, and structural body functions. As a calcium (Ca)... (Review)
Review
Magnesium (Mg) is a predominantly intracellular cation that plays significant roles in various enzymatic, membrane, and structural body functions. As a calcium (Ca) antagonist, it is imperative for numerous neuromuscular activities. The imbalance of body Mg concentration leads to clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe life-threatening complications. Therefore, the contribution of Mg measurement regarding various laboratory and clinical aspects cannot be ignored. Mg is often described as the forgotten analyte. However, its close relationship with body potassium (K), Ca and phosphate homeostasis proves that Mg imbalance could co-exist as the root cause or the consequence of other electrolyte disorders. Meanwhile, several preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical aspects could influence Mg measurement. This review highlights Mg measurement's laboratory and clinical issues and some analyte disturbances associated with its imbalance. Understanding this basis could aid clinicians and laboratory professionals in Mgresult interpretation and patient management.
PubMed: 38045630
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49835 -
Molecular Aspects of Medicine Apr 2024Over the past decade, novel methods for enrichment and identification of cancer cells circulating in the blood have been established. Blood-based detection of cancer... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, novel methods for enrichment and identification of cancer cells circulating in the blood have been established. Blood-based detection of cancer cells and other tumor-associated products can be summarized under the term of Liquid Biopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been used for diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment selection as well as treatment monitoring in several studies over the past years, thus representing a valuable biomarker for cancer patients. A plethora of methods to enrich, detect and analyze CTCs has been established. In contrast to other liquid biopsy analytes (e.g. ctDNA), CTCs represent a viable analyte that provides a unique opportunity to understand the underlaying biology of cancer and the metastatic cascade on the molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview on the current methods used for enrichment, detection, molecular and functional characterization of CTCs.
Topics: Humans; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Liquid Biopsy; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38387225
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101258 -
ACS Sensors Aug 2023Over the past decade, molecular imprinting (MI) technology has made tremendous progress, and the advancements in nanotechnology have been the major driving force behind... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, molecular imprinting (MI) technology has made tremendous progress, and the advancements in nanotechnology have been the major driving force behind the improvement of MI technology. The preparation of nanoscale imprinted materials, i.e., molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP NPs, also commonly called nanoMIPs), opened new horizons in terms of practical applications, including in the field of sensors. Currently, hydrogels are very promising for applications in bioanalytical assays and sensors due to their high biocompatibility and possibility to tune chemical composition, size (microgels, nanogels, etc.), and format (nanostructures, MIP film, fibers, etc.) to prepare optimized analyte-responsive imprinted materials. This review aims to highlight the recent progress on the use of hydrogel MIP NPs for biosensing purposes over the past decade, mainly focusing on their incorporation on sensing devices for detection of a fundamental class of biomolecules, the peptides and proteins. The review begins by directing its focus on the ability of MIPs to replace biological antibodies in (bio)analytical assays and highlight their great potential to face the current demands of chemical sensing in several fields, such as disease diagnosis, food safety, environmental monitoring, among others. After that, we address the general advantages of nanosized MIPs over macro/micro-MIP materials, such as higher affinity toward target analytes and improved binding kinetics. Then, we provide a general overview on hydrogel properties and their great advantages for applications in the field of Sensors, followed by a brief description on current popular routes for synthesis of imprinted hydrogel nanospheres targeting large biomolecules, namely precipitation polymerization and solid-phase synthesis, along with fruitful combination with epitope imprinting as reliable approaches for developing optimized protein-imprinted materials. In the second part of the review, we have provided the state of the art on the application of MIP nanogels for screening macromolecules with sensors having different transduction modes (optical, electrochemical, thermal, etc.) and design formats for single use, reusable, continuous monitoring, and even multiple analyte detection in specialized laboratories or using mobile technology. Finally, we explore aspects about the development of this technology and its applications and discuss areas of future growth.
Topics: Polymers; Nanogels; Hydrogels; Nanostructures; Nanospheres
PubMed: 37556357
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01010