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Clinical Case Reports Oct 2023Contrast defects in veins are often diagnosed as benign thrombi, but depending on the patient's background it is necessary to differentiate between tumor thrombi. It is...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Contrast defects in veins are often diagnosed as benign thrombi, but depending on the patient's background it is necessary to differentiate between tumor thrombi. It is difficult to differentiate between these using contrast-enhanced CT alone, but with angioscopy it is easy to visually distinguish between a benign and tumor thrombi.
ABSTRACT
Contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) performed on a male patient being treated for de-differentiated chondrosarcoma revealed contrast defects in the pulmonary artery and right femoral vein, and a diagnosis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism and venous thromboembolism was made, and oral anticoagulant therapy was started. However, a follow-up CT showed that the contrast defect had extended to the inferior vena cava. Observation using an angioscope revealed that it was not a benign thrombi but a tumor.
PubMed: 37780915
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7975 -
Cureus Jan 2024Background Cholesterol crystals (CCs) are related to innate inflammation in spontaneously ruptured aortic plaques (SRAPs), and variability exists in the CCs and...
Background Cholesterol crystals (CCs) are related to innate inflammation in spontaneously ruptured aortic plaques (SRAPs), and variability exists in the CCs and interleukin (IL)-6 ratio in SRAPs. Methods The prevalence of scattering-type ruptures that glittered against the light of angioscopic fibers (puff-chandelier ruptures) and those that did not (puff ruptures) was analyzed in 848 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Overall, 177 puff-chandelier ruptures and 105 puff ruptures were sampled using nonobstructive general angioscopy (NOGA). The sampled plaques were analyzed by direct detection of CCs with polarized light microscopy. The characteristics of the plaque fragments from puff and puff-chandelier ruptures were compared. The Interleukin-6 (IL-6) ratios were calculated for 100 puff-chandelier ruptures and 100 puff ruptures. Results CCs were detected in 54% of puff-chandelier ruptures and 20% of puff ruptures. The longer and shorter dimensions of the puff ruptures were smaller than those of the puff-chandelier ruptures. CCs were more prevalent in puff chandeliers than in puff ruptures (54% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001). The number of CCs was higher in puff chandeliers than in puff ruptures with CCs (median 12,727 (interquartile range (IQR) 3,636-25,909)/10 mL vs. median 3,182 ( IQR 909-9,318)/10 mL) in CC-positive samples (p=0.0120). The IL-6 ratio of puff-chandelier ruptures was higher than that of puff ruptures (p=0.0014). Conclusions Examination of plaque fragments from puff-chandelier and puff ruptures revealed a higher prevalence of CCs in puff-chandelier ruptures compared to puff ruptures. Puff chandeliers exhibited a significantly greater number of CCs, suggesting a potential correlation with inflammatory levels. The IL-6 ratio was also higher in puff-chandelier ruptures. Direct detection of CCs and hematoxylin and eosin staining for SRAPs demonstrated variations in CC degree and dimensions between puff-chandelier and puff ruptures. Puff-chandelier ruptures exhibited more CCs associated with innate inflammation and larger fragments than puff ruptures. NOGA proved effective in detecting diverse characteristics and inflammation levels, as indicated by IL-6, in scattering-type SRAPs.
PubMed: 38274622
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52949 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Sep 2023The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultrasmall optical imaging device with a large field-of-view (FOV) for having a clear forward view into the interior of blood...
SIGNIFICANCE
The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultrasmall optical imaging device with a large field-of-view (FOV) for having a clear forward view into the interior of blood vessels, has great potential in the cardiovascular disease diagnosis and surgery assistance, which is one of the key applications for short-wave infrared biomedical imaging. The state-of-the-art SFE system uses a miniaturized refractive spherical lens doublet for beam projection. A metalens is a promising alternative that can be made much thinner and has fewer off-axis aberrations than its refractive counterpart.
AIM
We demonstrate a transmissive metalens working at 1310 nm for a forward viewing endoscope to achieve a shorter device length and better resolution at large field angles.
APPROACH
We optimize the metalens of the SFE system using Zemax, fabricate it using e-beam lithography, characterize its optical performances, and compare them with the simulations.
RESULTS
The SFE system has a resolution of at the center of field (imaging distance 15 mm), an FOV of , and a depth-of-focus of , which are comparable with a state-of-the-art refractive lens SFE. The use of the metalens reduces the length of the optical track from 1.2 to 0.86 mm. The resolution of our metalens-based SFE drops by less than a factor of 2 at the edge of the FOV, whereas the refractive lens counterpart has a times resolution degradation.
CONCLUSIONS
These results show the promise of integrating a metalens into an endoscope for device minimization and optical performance improvement.
Topics: Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Radionuclide Imaging; Refraction, Ocular; Lens, Crystalline; Lenses
PubMed: 36911164
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.094802 -
Circulation Journal : Official Journal... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Saphenous Vein; Angioscopy; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Calcinosis; Vascular Patency
PubMed: 37704440
DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-23-0421