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Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Oct 2023The aim of our review is to summarize specific clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. The lung is the organ second most affected... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of our review is to summarize specific clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. The lung is the organ second most affected by cystic echinococcosis with approximately a quarter of cystic echinococcosis cysts. Most cysts are in the liver. Apart from the watch and wait approach for selected inactive cysts [cystic echinococcosis CE4, CE5], the well established WHO cystic echinococcosis cyst classification-based treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis cannot be applied to pulmonary cystic echinococcosis cysts. Some standard interventions can even be harmful when applied to pulmonary cystic echinococcosis cysts.
RECENT FINDINGS
Cystic echinococcosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Development of new diagnostics and treatment modalities is hampered by low investment into research and is accordingly slow.
SUMMARY
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis cysts. Parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques should be used whenever possible. Albendazole induces decay of the parasitic cyst membrane, opening of cystobronchial fistulas and cyst complications, which can be life threatening. It is strongly recommended to seek advice from expert centres, including differential diagnoses, treatment and a long-term management plan.
Topics: Humans; Echinococcosis; Echinococcosis, Hepatic; Albendazole; Cysts; Lung
PubMed: 37578473
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000962 -
International Journal For Parasitology Jul 2023
Topics: Anthelmintics; Vaccines; Drug Resistance
PubMed: 37257805
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.004 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Testicular Diseases; Schistosomiasis; Anthelmintics; Praziquantel; Adult
PubMed: 38808760
DOI: 10.61409/V72026 -
Parasitology Research Dec 2023The One-Health approach recognizes the intricate connection between human, animal, and environmental health, and that cooperative effort from various professionals... (Review)
Review
The One-Health approach recognizes the intricate connection between human, animal, and environmental health, and that cooperative effort from various professionals provides comprehensive awareness and potential solutions for issues relating to the health of people, animals, and the environment. This approach has increasingly gained appeal as the standard strategy for tackling emerging infectious diseases, most of which are zoonoses. Treatment with anthelmintics (AHs) without a doubt minimizes the severe consequences of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs); however, evidence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) development to different helminths of practically every animal species and the distinct groups of AHs is overwhelming globally. In this regard, the correlation between the application of anthelmintic drugs in both human and animal populations and the consequent development of anthelmintic resistance in STHs within the context of a One-Health framework is explored. This review provides an overview of the major human and animal STHs, treatment of the STHs, AR development and drug-related factors contributing towards AR, One-Health and STHs, and an outline of some One-Health strategies that may be used in combating AR.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Helminthiasis; Soil; One Health; Anthelmintics; Helminths
PubMed: 38114766
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08088-8 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Parasitic roundworms cause significant sickness and mortality in animals and humans. In livestock, these nematodes have severe economic impact and result in losses in...
Parasitic roundworms cause significant sickness and mortality in animals and humans. In livestock, these nematodes have severe economic impact and result in losses in food production on a global scale. None of the currently available drugs ideally suit all treatment circumstances, and the development of drug-resistant nematode strains has become a challenge to control the infection. There is an urgent need to develop novel anthelmintic compounds. According to our previous report, N-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-amine (1) showed anthelmintic activity and lowest cytotoxicity. In this study, in vivo anthelmintic properties were evaluated using Trichinella spiralis infected mice. Toxicity was evaluated using the rats and mode of action using molecular docking and metabolomics approaches. The in vivo results demonstrate that a dose of 250 mg/kg reduced the T. spiralis abundance in the digestive tract by 49%. The 250 mg/kg Albendazole was served as control. The relatively low acute toxicity was categorized into chemical category 5, with an LD greater than 2000 mg/kg body. Molecular docking analysis showed the T. spiralis tubulin beta chain and glutamate-gated channels might not be the main targets of compound 1. Metabolomics analysis was used to explain the effects of compound 1 on the T. spiralis adult worm. The results demonstrated that compound 1 significantly up-regulated the metabolism of purine, pyrimidine and down-regulated sphingolipid metabolism. In conclusion, compound 1 could be a potential molecule for anthelmintic development. The bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and absorption of this compound should be studied further to provide information for its future efficacy improvement.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Rats; Animals; Molecular Docking Simulation; Anthelmintics; Albendazole; Nematoda; Trichinella spiralis
PubMed: 38129499
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50305-y -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie Sep 2023Cocaine is a psychotropic tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug. Nasal insufflation of cocaine powder is a common route of administration. In Germany, cocaine is... (Review)
Review
Cocaine is a psychotropic tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug. Nasal insufflation of cocaine powder is a common route of administration. In Germany, cocaine is frequently adulterated with levamisole, an anthelminthic drug with immunomodulatory effects. Both substances are linked to various autoimmune conditions. Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions cause a progressive destruction of osteocartilaginous structures within the upper respiratory tract and can mimic localized granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In addition, systemic vasculitis due to cocaine and levamisole has been reported. Differentiation of these conditions from primary vasculitis can be challenging because antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are commonly detected. Early diagnosis of these conditions is crucial as clinical improvement is closely related to drug cessation.
Topics: Humans; Cocaine; Levamisole; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Vasculitis; Autoimmune Diseases; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
PubMed: 35612660
DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01217-1 -
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Sep 2024Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode affecting predominantly domestic dogs. It causes spirocercosis, a disease that is often fatal. The assembled draft genome of S....
Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode affecting predominantly domestic dogs. It causes spirocercosis, a disease that is often fatal. The assembled draft genome of S. lupi consists of 13,627 predicted protein-coding genes and is approximately 150 Mb in length. Several known anthelmintic gene targets such as for β-Tubulin, glutamate, and GABA receptors as well as known vaccine gene targets such as cysteine protease inhibitor and cytokines were identified in S. lupi by comparing orthologs of C. elegans anthelmintic gene targets as well as orthologs to known vaccine candidates. New anthelmintic targets were predicted through an inclusion-exclusion strategy and new vaccine targets were predicted through an immunoinformatics approach. New anthelminthic targets include DNA-directed RNA polymerases, chitin synthase, polymerases, and other enzymes. New vaccine targets include cuticle collagens. These gene targets provide a starting platform for new drug identification and vaccine design.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Genome, Helminth; Vaccines; Thelazioidea; Dogs; Spirurida Infections; Dog Diseases; Helminth Proteins
PubMed: 38834134
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111632 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Benzimidazole fungicides are a class of highly effective, low-toxicity, systemic broad-spectrum fungicides developed in the 1960s and 1970s, based on the fungicidal... (Review)
Review
Benzimidazole fungicides are a class of highly effective, low-toxicity, systemic broad-spectrum fungicides developed in the 1960s and 1970s, based on the fungicidal activity of the benzimidazole ring structure. They exhibit biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. Due to their particularly outstanding antibacterial properties, they are widely used in agriculture to prevent and control various plant diseases caused by fungi. The main products of benzimidazole fungicides include benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, albendazole, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, fuberidazole, methyl (1-{[(5-cyanopentyl)amino]carbonyl}-1-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate, and carbendazim salicylate. This article mainly reviews the physicochemical properties, toxicological properties, disease control efficacy, and pesticide residue and detection technologies of the aforementioned nine benzimidazole fungicides and their main metabolite (2-aminobenzimidazole). On this basis, a brief outlook on the future research directions of benzimidazole fungicides is presented.
Topics: Fungicides, Industrial; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Thiophanate; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38542855
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061218 -
MethodsX Jun 2024The egg hatching methodology is a valuable tool for assessing the anthelmintic activity of drugs and compounds and evaluating anthelmintic drug efficacy. Isolated eggs...
The egg hatching methodology is a valuable tool for assessing the anthelmintic activity of drugs and compounds and evaluating anthelmintic drug efficacy. Isolated eggs from gravid adults are exposed to different concentrations of selected drugs and the percentage of egg hatching is determined with respect to the control condition. The assay allows the construction of concentration-response curves and determination of EC or EC values for egg hatching inhibition. Also, it allows measurements of inhibition as a function of time of exposure. This approach addresses the urgent need for new anthelmintics, as resistance to current treatments poses a significant challenge in parasitic nematode infection. This resistance not only affects humans but also animals and plants, causing significant economic losses in livestock farming and agriculture. By using the free-living nematode as a parasitic model organism, researchers can efficiently screen for potential treatments and assess drug combinations for synergistic effects. Importantly, this assay offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative to traditional methods, eliminating the need for specialized infrastructure, hosts, and trained animal maintenance personnel. Additionally, the methodology closely mimics natural conditions, providing insights into egg development and potential therapeutic targets. This method allows for evaluating the direct negative impact of drugs on egg hatching, which correlates with long-term anthelmintic effects, offering advantages in preventing or reducing the transmission and spread of worm infections by eggs. Overall, this approach represents a significant advancement for anthelmintic discovery, offering both practical applications and avenues for further scientific research. •The egg hatching assay is a robust and effective method for assessing the anthelmintic potential of various drugs and compounds, allowing the generation of concentration-response curves.•By leveraging the free-living nematode as a parasitic model organism, this method facilitates efficient screening of potential treatments and evaluation of drug combinations.•The method addresses the urgent need for new anthelmintics, offering a cost-effective and accessible alternative to traditional approaches.
PubMed: 38799035
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102743 -
Metabolites Apr 2024Phytochemical profiling followed by antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity evaluation of the Australian plant known for its customary use in Indigenous Australian...
Phytochemical profiling followed by antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity evaluation of the Australian plant known for its customary use in Indigenous Australian ceremonies and bush medicine, was performed. In the present study, seven previously reported compounds were isolated including auraptene, 6'-dehydromarmin, geiparvarin, marmin acetonide, flindersine, and two flindersine derivatives from the bark and leaves, together with a new compound, chlorogeiparvarin, formed as an artefact during the isolation procedure and isolated as a mixture with geiparvarin. Chemical profiling allowed for a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the compounds in the leaves, bark, flowers, and fruit of this plant. Subsequently, a subset of these compounds as well as crude extracts from the plant were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. Anthelmintic activity assays showed that two of the isolated compounds, auraptene and flindersine, as well as the dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts of , displayed significant activity against a parasitic nematode (). This is the first report of the anthelmintic activity associated with these compounds and indicates the importance of such fundamental explorations for the discovery of bioactive phytochemicals for therapeutic application(s).
PubMed: 38786736
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050259