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Abdominal Radiology (New York) Sep 2023The Society of Abdominal Radiology's Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) first published a rectal cancer lexicon paper in 2019. Since that time, the... (Review)
Review
The Society of Abdominal Radiology's Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) first published a rectal cancer lexicon paper in 2019. Since that time, the DFP has published revised initial staging and restaging reporting templates, and a new SAR user guide to accompany the rectal MRI synoptic report (primary staging). This lexicon update summarizes interval developments, while conforming to the original lexicon 2019 format. Emphasis is placed on primary staging, treatment response, anatomic terminology, nodal staging, and the utility of specific sequences in the MRI protocol. A discussion of primary tumor staging reviews updates on tumor morphology and its clinical significance, T1 and T3 subclassifications and their clinical implications, T4a and T4b imaging findings/definitions, terminology updates on the use of MRF over CRM, and the conundrum of the external sphincter. A parallel section on treatment response reviews the clinical significance of near-complete response and introduces the lexicon of "regrowth" versus "recurrence". A review of relevant anatomy incorporates updated definitions and expert consensus of anatomic landmarks, including the NCCN's new definition of rectal upper margin and sigmoid take-off. A detailed review of nodal staging is also included, with attention to tumor location relative to the dentate line and locoregional lymph node designation, a new suggested size threshold for lateral lymph nodes and their indications for use, and imaging criteria used to differentiate tumor deposits from lymph nodes. Finally, new treatment terminologies such as organ preservation, TNT, TAMIS and watch-and-wait management are introduced. This 2023 version aims to serve as a concise set of up-to-date recommendations for radiologists, and discusses terminology, classification systems, MRI and clinical staging, and the evolving concepts in diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer.
Topics: Humans; Rectal Neoplasms; Anus Neoplasms; Rectum; Neoplasm Staging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiology
PubMed: 37145311
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03893-2 -
Cureus Aug 2023Gonorrhoea is an infection caused by bacteria that has recently been detected in humans and typically spreads through sexual contact. It leads to significant health... (Review)
Review
Gonorrhoea is an infection caused by bacteria that has recently been detected in humans and typically spreads through sexual contact. It leads to significant health issues in both prosperous and impoverished countries, culminating in significant yearly expenditures for diagnosis and treatment. Young adults who are involved in unprotected sexual activity and are promiscuous are particularly susceptible to gonorrhoea. It has been estimated that approximately 86.95 million individuals globally acquire the virus each year. Gonorrhoea has been reported to affect a variety of body parts, including the cervix in women and the urethra in males, as well as other areas such as the eyes, anus, throat, and, on rare occasions, the joints. It is momentarily the second most frequently reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), trailing only chlamydia. Since the early 2000s, gonorrhoea cases have been on the rise globally, especially across many European nations, with an elevated prevalence among populations at higher risk of getting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as men who have sex with men and young heterosexual individuals. The fundamental objectives of gonorrhoea management techniques are to prevent, identify, and cure infections in patients and their partners in addition to minimizing the disease's stigma. It additionally involves monitoring antibiotic resistance and treatment failures, and it also involves advocating appropriate antimicrobial medication usage and stewardship.
PubMed: 37711920
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43464 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2024
Topics: Humans; Condylomata Acuminata; Male; Female; Anus Neoplasms
PubMed: 38847314
DOI: 10.61409/V72029